3.2.1 Fragmentation metrics - Food and Agriculture Organization of
... change breaks tracts of continuous forest into smaller pieces, it also creates new edges between forest and other vegetation types and disconnects patches from adjacent, continuous habitat (Collinge 1996, Fahrig 2003, Saura and Carballal 2004). There is a wealth of information that has been produced ...
... change breaks tracts of continuous forest into smaller pieces, it also creates new edges between forest and other vegetation types and disconnects patches from adjacent, continuous habitat (Collinge 1996, Fahrig 2003, Saura and Carballal 2004). There is a wealth of information that has been produced ...
1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology
... that helps the bear retain its body heat. What about the structure of the polar bear’s hair relates to how it functions? ...
... that helps the bear retain its body heat. What about the structure of the polar bear’s hair relates to how it functions? ...
Combined effects of salinity and temperature on survival and
... usually more closely resemble the range of conditions encountered by organisms in natural habitats, but they often entail logistical and / or time constraints and the interpretation of the results can be more complicated. The combined effects of temperature and salinity on tolerance, survival and re ...
... usually more closely resemble the range of conditions encountered by organisms in natural habitats, but they often entail logistical and / or time constraints and the interpretation of the results can be more complicated. The combined effects of temperature and salinity on tolerance, survival and re ...
Agricultural Practices that Promote Crop Pest suppression by
... lady beetles in orchards (Brown, 2012). Other studies have shown that many species of parasitoids feed on floral nectar (Jervis et al., 1993; Wäckers, 2001) and that their rate of parasitism, the size of their population, their distribution or their diversity varies depending on the availability of ...
... lady beetles in orchards (Brown, 2012). Other studies have shown that many species of parasitoids feed on floral nectar (Jervis et al., 1993; Wäckers, 2001) and that their rate of parasitism, the size of their population, their distribution or their diversity varies depending on the availability of ...
Monsoon Vine Thickets Monsoon Vine Thickets
... recognized as a Threatened Ecological Community (TEC). They are uniquely confined to the landward edge of coastal dunes in highly fragmented patches. These patches are distributed from Cape Villaret in the south, to One Arm Point in the north. The size and species composition of vine thicket patches ...
... recognized as a Threatened Ecological Community (TEC). They are uniquely confined to the landward edge of coastal dunes in highly fragmented patches. These patches are distributed from Cape Villaret in the south, to One Arm Point in the north. The size and species composition of vine thicket patches ...
Political Ecology - Páginas Personales UNAM
... being, difference and otherness in environmental rationality, rooted on the politics of cultural diversity, territories of difference and ethics of otherness. Decolonizing knowledge and legitimizing other knowledge/savoir/wisdom open alternative ways of understanding reality, nature, human life and ...
... being, difference and otherness in environmental rationality, rooted on the politics of cultural diversity, territories of difference and ethics of otherness. Decolonizing knowledge and legitimizing other knowledge/savoir/wisdom open alternative ways of understanding reality, nature, human life and ...
The American Alligator: An Indicator Species for Everglades
... 1. This document is WEC313, one of a series of the Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date October 2011. Reviewed October 2014. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. Rebecca G. Harvey, environmental education coordinator; and Fran ...
... 1. This document is WEC313, one of a series of the Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date October 2011. Reviewed October 2014. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. Rebecca G. Harvey, environmental education coordinator; and Fran ...
Modeling Food Webs: Exploring Unexplained Structure Using Latent
... Submitted November 2, 2009; Accepted April 8, 2010; Electronically published June 11, 2010 Online enhancements: appendix, zip file. ...
... Submitted November 2, 2009; Accepted April 8, 2010; Electronically published June 11, 2010 Online enhancements: appendix, zip file. ...
Documents from
... marvellously close resemblances that sometimes occur by confusing the exact mimicking pattern with the model, while at the same time eliminating those which vary ever so little from it. In other words, they must be endowed with most remarkably acute powers of discrimination.’ Punnett writes that ‘we ...
... marvellously close resemblances that sometimes occur by confusing the exact mimicking pattern with the model, while at the same time eliminating those which vary ever so little from it. In other words, they must be endowed with most remarkably acute powers of discrimination.’ Punnett writes that ‘we ...
as a PDF
... Role of food in hare population cycles Lloyd B. Keith Keith, L. B. 1983. Role of food in hare population cycles. - Oikos 40: 385-395. The snowshoe hare has a well-documented 10-yr cycle in North America's Boreal Forest; the Arctic hare probably has cyclic fluctuations of comparable periodicity, ampl ...
... Role of food in hare population cycles Lloyd B. Keith Keith, L. B. 1983. Role of food in hare population cycles. - Oikos 40: 385-395. The snowshoe hare has a well-documented 10-yr cycle in North America's Boreal Forest; the Arctic hare probably has cyclic fluctuations of comparable periodicity, ampl ...
CIESMW orkshop S eries Fishing down the - ICM-CSIC
... can be either direct or indirect (e.g. Gislason et al., 2000), strongly interact with each other in a complex and often unpredictable manner. The highly diversified and complex impacts of fisheries on ecosystems have led, in the late 1990s, to a growing interest in “ecosystem-based management” as a ...
... can be either direct or indirect (e.g. Gislason et al., 2000), strongly interact with each other in a complex and often unpredictable manner. The highly diversified and complex impacts of fisheries on ecosystems have led, in the late 1990s, to a growing interest in “ecosystem-based management” as a ...
The ethological approach to aggression
... appeal: the fact that few ethologists agreed with what he said may explain why so many have since devoted time to studying aggression. The result, as I shall argue here, is that ethologists now have a much better insight into what aggression is, how it is caused and what functions it serves, and it ...
... appeal: the fact that few ethologists agreed with what he said may explain why so many have since devoted time to studying aggression. The result, as I shall argue here, is that ethologists now have a much better insight into what aggression is, how it is caused and what functions it serves, and it ...
Legume species identity and soil nitrogen supply elevated atmospheric [CO
... the B-value makes the explicit assumption that at least one individual is receiving 100% of its N from fixation, making these estimate of Ndfa potentially inflated if no individuals sampled rely on only atmospheric sources. We then used a bootstrapping approach to determine how uncertainty in the va ...
... the B-value makes the explicit assumption that at least one individual is receiving 100% of its N from fixation, making these estimate of Ndfa potentially inflated if no individuals sampled rely on only atmospheric sources. We then used a bootstrapping approach to determine how uncertainty in the va ...
Natural mortality and fishing mortality estimation
... 2. F can be estimated within stock assessments and by other methods (e.g. tagging, effort series analyses etc) 3. In age structured stock assessment models, F is calculated for each time, age and fishery as a function of selectivity, catchability, and fishing effort 4. F estimation is critical in th ...
... 2. F can be estimated within stock assessments and by other methods (e.g. tagging, effort series analyses etc) 3. In age structured stock assessment models, F is calculated for each time, age and fishery as a function of selectivity, catchability, and fishing effort 4. F estimation is critical in th ...
The evolution of early Foraminifera
... Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationships among early Foraminifera inferred from partial small subunit rRNA gene sequences. The various types of test are highlighted with different colors. Among multilocular foraminiferans, the Rotaliida are marked in green, whereas the Textulariida are marked in dark gree ...
... Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationships among early Foraminifera inferred from partial small subunit rRNA gene sequences. The various types of test are highlighted with different colors. Among multilocular foraminiferans, the Rotaliida are marked in green, whereas the Textulariida are marked in dark gree ...
Newell's shearwater population modeling for Habitat Conservation
... control, 10% to predator eradication, and 400 chicks translocated over 10 years, would provide a benefit of 2,000 and 4,000 birds over 25 years, respectively, compared to no management undertaken. The benefits from these actions have clear potential to offset incidental take proposed ...
... control, 10% to predator eradication, and 400 chicks translocated over 10 years, would provide a benefit of 2,000 and 4,000 birds over 25 years, respectively, compared to no management undertaken. The benefits from these actions have clear potential to offset incidental take proposed ...
Kistner, E.J. and G.E. Belovsky. 2014. - Belovsky Lab
... 2012). However, other diseases have little to no effect on host numbers even at high host densities, suggesting that disease mortality is compensatory (Holmes 1982). This makes intuitive sense given that intraspecific competition often increases with population density, resulting in disease mortality ...
... 2012). However, other diseases have little to no effect on host numbers even at high host densities, suggesting that disease mortality is compensatory (Holmes 1982). This makes intuitive sense given that intraspecific competition often increases with population density, resulting in disease mortality ...
DEFYING EXTINCTION - Global Environment Facility
... With the vast array of environmental challenges in today’s evolving world, in particular the potentially devastating effects of global climate change, this book focuses on one of the most pressing matters facing us all: the loss of our planet’s biodiversity, which is occurring at unprecedented rates ...
... With the vast array of environmental challenges in today’s evolving world, in particular the potentially devastating effects of global climate change, this book focuses on one of the most pressing matters facing us all: the loss of our planet’s biodiversity, which is occurring at unprecedented rates ...
Succession in plankton communities
... of the produced biomass is ultimately recycled near the surface, returning to inorganic nutrients that again fuel (secondary) production. However, a few percent sinks into the deep ocean as “marine snow”. Thus, the initial action by phytoplankton has effectively transported CO2 from the atmosphere t ...
... of the produced biomass is ultimately recycled near the surface, returning to inorganic nutrients that again fuel (secondary) production. However, a few percent sinks into the deep ocean as “marine snow”. Thus, the initial action by phytoplankton has effectively transported CO2 from the atmosphere t ...
Peppered Moth Simulation Objective: Simulate
... Objective: Simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species can change over time. Introduction: Charles Darwin accumulated a tremendous collection of facts to support the theory of evolution by natural selection. One of his difficulties in demonstrating the ...
... Objective: Simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species can change over time. Introduction: Charles Darwin accumulated a tremendous collection of facts to support the theory of evolution by natural selection. One of his difficulties in demonstrating the ...
article - Aquatic Invasions
... shifts in species assemblages throughout the United States. Although plains topminnow Fundulus sciadicus populations have declined as the range of western mosquitofish in Nebraska has expanded, long-term co-existence of mosquitofish with the closely related northern plains killifish Fundulus kansae ...
... shifts in species assemblages throughout the United States. Although plains topminnow Fundulus sciadicus populations have declined as the range of western mosquitofish in Nebraska has expanded, long-term co-existence of mosquitofish with the closely related northern plains killifish Fundulus kansae ...
file - Conservation Gateway
... – Ratings should be based on “objective” standards for long-term persistence not on feasibility or the best that is left • Real data versus expert opinion – Ultimately the goal is to collect actual data on each indicator and rate it accordingly. However, most projects will use expert opinion and wil ...
... – Ratings should be based on “objective” standards for long-term persistence not on feasibility or the best that is left • Real data versus expert opinion – Ultimately the goal is to collect actual data on each indicator and rate it accordingly. However, most projects will use expert opinion and wil ...
reesearch paper coral reefs June
... complicated ecosystems in the world. With its effort to maintain the biodiversity, coral reefs systems become the most species-rich habitats not merely in the sea but also in the world. Over “one third of the world’s marine fish species are found on coral reefs” (Moberg and Folke1999), not including ...
... complicated ecosystems in the world. With its effort to maintain the biodiversity, coral reefs systems become the most species-rich habitats not merely in the sea but also in the world. Over “one third of the world’s marine fish species are found on coral reefs” (Moberg and Folke1999), not including ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.