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Day 1 Session 2 An introduction to fish population dynamics
Day 1 Session 2 An introduction to fish population dynamics

... range then reducing the population below its lower “boundary” (e.g. by introducing fishing) carries high risk. Introducing fishing may take the population into a state where we have no idea how it might react or whether it can recover. Resilience in a fishing context is thus the capacity of a popula ...
Unit D Assessment - Rocky View Schools Moodle 2
Unit D Assessment - Rocky View Schools Moodle 2

... In recent years the population of Canada geese has increased dramatically. In their northern summer nesting grounds, the high nesting density of geese has left little foraging or nesting space for other species of birds. The large numbers of birds feeding on the same vegetation erodes the soil and p ...
Principles of population viability analysis (PVA)
Principles of population viability analysis (PVA)

... (including anthropogenic) forces and interspecific competition, and challenges associated with measuring these rates in the wild (especially for death rates of rare, long-lived species such as large forest owls). Note that it is often desirable to explicitly model variation in vital rates within a p ...
teacher`s guide.
teacher`s guide.

... the body fluids of another organism. Dodder, an orange colored growth on plants, is considered a parasite because it taps into the sap of the host plant and takes nutrients away. Dodder gains nutrients (a plus) while the host loses them (a minus). • Mutualism - a close association which benefits bot ...
1495/Chapter 14 - Toronto District Christian High School
1495/Chapter 14 - Toronto District Christian High School

... other resources found in that habitat. This type of interaction between two or more populations is referred to as interspecific competition. In some cases, one species may eventually out-compete the other or others, and the “losing” species disappears from the area (see Figure 14.22 on the next page ...
Ecology Study Guide
Ecology Study Guide

... 1. List the principal terrestrial biomes and the major type of vegetation distinguishing each. 2. What are the four factors affecting the size of a given population (or the density of a population).  8-3: Read 1143—1152 Population Growth  Figure 52.9 is very important; it shows the potential for p ...
A General Approach to the Modelling of Trophic Chains
A General Approach to the Modelling of Trophic Chains

... There exists a multitude of models for trophic interactions. For example, Royama (1971) and May (1974) describe different alternatives to model the same interactions, and Berryman et al. (1995a) give a table of twenty five alternatives to model predator-prey systems. However, the calibration and val ...
AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 50 An Introduction to
AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 50 An Introduction to

... 24. If the carrying capacity (or K) is 1,000 and N is 10, the term (K – N)/K is large. Explain why a large value for (K – N)/K predicts growth close to the maximum rate of increase for this population. 25. In the graph below, explain why the logistic model predicts a sigmoid (S-shaped) growth curve ...
Lecture #1 Dynamics of Population growth & Feeding
Lecture #1 Dynamics of Population growth & Feeding

... hookworm, heartworm in canines) • The live within the body of their host. • For example, the tapeworm attaches in the small intestine, where it takes nutrients from its host. ...
The Human Population
The Human Population

... i. The maximum rate that a population could increase under ideal conditions is its intrinsic rate of increase (biotic potential) 1. Several factors influence biotic potential a. Age that reproduction begins b. Fraction of the life span during which an individual can reproduce c. Number of reproducti ...
Populations Models
Populations Models

... Pests and pathogens (disease causing organisms) are often r-species ...
Ecosystems are always changing.
Ecosystems are always changing.

... You may have a strong memory of a park you visited as a little child. You remember collecting pine cones, listening to woodpeckers, and catching frogs. Then you visit again, years later, and the park has changed. Maybe more land has been added, there are more birds and trees. Or maybe the area aroun ...
Reading: “Limiting Factors”, pages 22
Reading: “Limiting Factors”, pages 22

... Name and describe the two main types of biotic limits on populations. ...
812 - hcboe
812 - hcboe

... under particular environmental conditions. II. Limits on Population A. The following limit populations 1. Environmental Pressures a. Food, water, seasons, weather 2. Predation – predators and prey limit one another’s pop. 3. Competition – organisms compete for food, mates, and space 4. Disease – com ...
Understanding Populations Section 1
Understanding Populations Section 1

... • Carrying capacity is the largest population that an environment can support at any given time. ...
Population Dynamics Notes
Population Dynamics Notes

... slows or stops following exponential growth, at the environment’s carrying capacity.  Carrying capacity is the largest # of individuals an environment can support. ...
Biology 204 Final Exam Study Guide
Biology 204 Final Exam Study Guide

... how they might affect various organisms. How are these principles relevant to invasions of exotic species? What is a biome? Describe how climate influences the location of biomes. What are the four main factors determining climate? Which two of these are most important for determining biome distribu ...
Populations
Populations

... • have a growth rate of around zero; (neither increase nor decrease in size) • in Florida, by contrast, has a high growth rate—which means that it increases in size EXAMPLE: Cod • decrease in size • has a negative growth rate ...
ecology ppt
ecology ppt

... Density Dependent Factors Competition occurs… • When populations become crowded, organisms compete for food, water space, sunlight and other essentials. • among members of the same species • between members of different species. –This type of competition can lead to evolutionary change. ...
Carrying Capacity, Populations and People
Carrying Capacity, Populations and People

... Those individual animals that are lower in the social dominance hierarchy (pecking order) get to eat less, and are thus less likely to survive or pass their genes onto the next generation. In Alaska, I have seen grizzly bears fighting over the best salmon fishing spots; their roars would punctuate t ...
Chapter 53 Practice Multiple Choice
Chapter 53 Practice Multiple Choice

... a. the large population will add more individuals per unit time. b. the small population will add more individuals per unit time. c. the two populations will add equal numbers of individuals per unit time. d. the J-shaped growth curves will look identical. e. the growth trajectories of the two popul ...
Chapter 52: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
Chapter 52: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

... 12. Figure 52.20 shows a climograph for some major biomes in North America. What two abiotic factors shown here are most important in determining the distribution of the biome? ...
Document
Document

... • If survival and fertility rates do not change, and no limit is placed on population growth – at what rate will a population increase? • It seems we need to know age-specific survival rates, age-specific fertility rates, and age structure – If all females in U.S. were >50 years old, no new young wo ...
ecology - Net Start Class
ecology - Net Start Class

... rain on one side of the mountain; the other side is usually _______ (rain shadow) *Let’s Label – Using brackets, label the globe below with the three types of climate zones based on latitude positions. ...
HUMANPOPULATIONDYNAMICS new student
HUMANPOPULATIONDYNAMICS new student

... level that can supported by the environment. This type of ___________ growth (___) produces the logistic growth curve when plotted over time. ...
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Maximum sustainable yield

In population ecology and economics, maximum sustainable yield or MSY is theoretically, the largest yield (or catch) that can be taken from a species' stock over an indefinite period. Fundamental to the notion of sustainable harvest, the concept of MSY aims to maintain the population size at the point of maximum growth rate by harvesting the individuals that would normally be added to the population, allowing the population to continue to be productive indefinitely. Under the assumption of logistic growth, resource limitation does not constrain individuals’ reproductive rates when populations are small, but because there are few individuals, the overall yield is small. At intermediate population densities, also represented by half the carrying capacity, individuals are able to breed to their maximum rate. At this point, called the maximum sustainable yield, there is a surplus of individuals that can be harvested because growth of the population is at its maximum point due to the large number of reproducing individuals. Above this point, density dependent factors increasingly limit breeding until the population reaches carrying capacity. At this point, there are no surplus individuals to be harvested and yield drops to zero. The maximum sustainable yield is usually higher than the optimum sustainable yield and maximum economic yield.MSY is extensively used for fisheries management. Unlike the logistic (Schaefer) model, MSY has been refined in most modern fisheries models and occurs at around 30% of the unexploited population size. This fraction differs among populations depending on the life history of the species and the age-specific selectivity of the fishing method.However, the approach has been widely criticized as ignoring several key factors involved in fisheries management and has led to the devastating collapse of many fisheries. As a simple calculation, it ignores the size and age of the animal being taken, its reproductive status, and it focuses solely on the species in question, ignoring the damage to the ecosystem caused by the designated level of exploitation and the issue of bycatch. Among conservation biologists it is widely regarded as dangerous and misused.
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