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2010/045 - Vagues/Waves
2010/045 - Vagues/Waves

... Endangered and Governor in Council decides to list it, or when a species is down-listed, the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) is required by the SARA to undertake a number of actions. Many of these actions require scientific information such as the current status of the population, the ...
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Appendix S1. Details of Species Distribution Modeling and

... patches). This leads to a carrying capacity estimate of 1,173 per ha for age 60+ shrubs. While these values may underestimate the actual but theoretical ceiling possible, they provide a consistent upper bound that can be used across all scenarios for ranking and comparison of outcomes. Density depen ...
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... • Concept 5-3 The structure and species composition of communities and ecosystems change in response to changing environmental conditions through a process called ecological ...
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... total world population; while the developing regions of Latin America, Africa, and most of Asia would contain the remaining 72% of the earth’s inhabitants. Ironically, world population is concentrated in the underdeveloped regions of the world which already have low standards of living. Succinctly p ...
Allee effects, extinctions, and chaotic transients in simple population
Allee effects, extinctions, and chaotic transients in simple population

... In the case of essential extinction, the negative Schwartzian derivative hypothesis is necessary to ensure that almost every initial density goes to extinction. Without this condition, we are only assured that initial densities near C lead to extinction and other initial densities may lead to stable ...
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Allee effects, extinctions, and chaotic transients in simple population
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... Discrete time single species models with overcompensating density dependence and an Allee effect due to predator satiation and mating limitation are investigated. The models exhibit four behaviors: persistence for all initial population densities, bistability in which a population persists for inter ...
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... A habitat differs from a niche. On the vast plains of Africa, tall grasses grow among trees and shrubs, and small pools of water surrounded by thirsty animals dot the landscape. This challenging environment is the home of the African lion, shown in Figure 1.1. Here, lions stalk through tall grass to ...
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Density dependence in ungulates: a review of causes, and concepts

... populations only occasionally reaching K except in unusual environmental situations or under controlled conditions in an experimental setting. Mammals with strong densityindependent characteristics tend to be small, have short life-spans, high reproductive rates, and may reproduce but a single time ...
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... 10. What happened to the number of wolves on Isle Royale between 1975 and 1985? 11. What happened to the moose population when the number of wolves was low? 12. What is the relationship between the moose and the wolves on Isle Royale? 13. Is the number of moose on the island a density-dependent or d ...
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WB_A_72-74

... 10. What happened to the number of wolves on Isle Royale between 1975 and 1985? 11. What happened to the moose population when the number of wolves was low? 12. What is the relationship between the moose and the wolves on Isle Royale? 13. Is the number of moose on the island a density-dependent or d ...
Population characteristics
Population characteristics

... Which of these species is least vulnerable to extinction? a) A species with a population size of 50 individuals b) A species distributed throughout the United States c) A species that eats only river snails d) A species that lives on mountaintops ...
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Maximum sustainable yield

In population ecology and economics, maximum sustainable yield or MSY is theoretically, the largest yield (or catch) that can be taken from a species' stock over an indefinite period. Fundamental to the notion of sustainable harvest, the concept of MSY aims to maintain the population size at the point of maximum growth rate by harvesting the individuals that would normally be added to the population, allowing the population to continue to be productive indefinitely. Under the assumption of logistic growth, resource limitation does not constrain individuals’ reproductive rates when populations are small, but because there are few individuals, the overall yield is small. At intermediate population densities, also represented by half the carrying capacity, individuals are able to breed to their maximum rate. At this point, called the maximum sustainable yield, there is a surplus of individuals that can be harvested because growth of the population is at its maximum point due to the large number of reproducing individuals. Above this point, density dependent factors increasingly limit breeding until the population reaches carrying capacity. At this point, there are no surplus individuals to be harvested and yield drops to zero. The maximum sustainable yield is usually higher than the optimum sustainable yield and maximum economic yield.MSY is extensively used for fisheries management. Unlike the logistic (Schaefer) model, MSY has been refined in most modern fisheries models and occurs at around 30% of the unexploited population size. This fraction differs among populations depending on the life history of the species and the age-specific selectivity of the fishing method.However, the approach has been widely criticized as ignoring several key factors involved in fisheries management and has led to the devastating collapse of many fisheries. As a simple calculation, it ignores the size and age of the animal being taken, its reproductive status, and it focuses solely on the species in question, ignoring the damage to the ecosystem caused by the designated level of exploitation and the issue of bycatch. Among conservation biologists it is widely regarded as dangerous and misused.
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