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Notes [, 802 KB]
... breaking bonds between phosphate groups releases energy/increases reactivity required to catalyze cellular reactions numerous negative charges from the oxygen in a confined area create a great deal of strain, which is relieved when the final phosphate is cleaved, releasing a great deal of energy Cel ...
... breaking bonds between phosphate groups releases energy/increases reactivity required to catalyze cellular reactions numerous negative charges from the oxygen in a confined area create a great deal of strain, which is relieved when the final phosphate is cleaved, releasing a great deal of energy Cel ...
CHNOPS Bubblegram
... finding CHNOPS. I mean, I can’t SEE any of that.” Z: “You’re right. We need to move on past replication and go right to protein synthesis, or making proteins. Come on Clifford, kick in some facts here.” C: “Well I know that: A chromatid and a chromatid make a chromosome. Chromosomes carry genes. ...
... finding CHNOPS. I mean, I can’t SEE any of that.” Z: “You’re right. We need to move on past replication and go right to protein synthesis, or making proteins. Come on Clifford, kick in some facts here.” C: “Well I know that: A chromatid and a chromatid make a chromosome. Chromosomes carry genes. ...
Lesson Overview
... joining two monosaccharides together example: sucrose - table sugar, made by joining glucose and fructose together. ...
... joining two monosaccharides together example: sucrose - table sugar, made by joining glucose and fructose together. ...
What are reactions? - UTLNET Secure Site
... If they are formed in a reaction you will see __________. This can be a sign that a chemical __________ has happened. 2. Other signs of a chemical reaction might be an increase in temperature if _____ is released or a change in ________. 3. Physical changes like _________ do not make new materials a ...
... If they are formed in a reaction you will see __________. This can be a sign that a chemical __________ has happened. 2. Other signs of a chemical reaction might be an increase in temperature if _____ is released or a change in ________. 3. Physical changes like _________ do not make new materials a ...
lq 17.5 Lipid composition of cell membrones
... triglycerides, but another group of compounds called complex lipids. Complex lipids contain parts madefrom substancesbesidesfatty acids and glycerol; some contain no glycerol.The complex lipids fall into two categories: phospholipids and glycolipids. PhosphoHpids are lipids that are estersof phospho ...
... triglycerides, but another group of compounds called complex lipids. Complex lipids contain parts madefrom substancesbesidesfatty acids and glycerol; some contain no glycerol.The complex lipids fall into two categories: phospholipids and glycolipids. PhosphoHpids are lipids that are estersof phospho ...
Testing for Carbohydrates Fats Proteins
... 2. Adhesion is the bonding of water molecules to other substances. Again water bonds to other substances easily because of polarity, especially other polar compounds. A small drop of water will adhere to the side of your car or to the wall. 3. Capillarity is the ability of a liquid to move upwa ...
... 2. Adhesion is the bonding of water molecules to other substances. Again water bonds to other substances easily because of polarity, especially other polar compounds. A small drop of water will adhere to the side of your car or to the wall. 3. Capillarity is the ability of a liquid to move upwa ...
1 - Cloudfront.net
... hydrolases). They break up food so it is easier to digest. They are found in animal cells, while in yeast and plants the same roles are performed by lytic vacuoles. • The size of lysosomes varies from 0.1–1.2 μm.[2] At pH 4.8, the interior of the lysosomes is acidic compared to the slightly alkaline ...
... hydrolases). They break up food so it is easier to digest. They are found in animal cells, while in yeast and plants the same roles are performed by lytic vacuoles. • The size of lysosomes varies from 0.1–1.2 μm.[2] At pH 4.8, the interior of the lysosomes is acidic compared to the slightly alkaline ...
What are reactions?
... If they are formed in a reaction you will see __________. This can be a sign that a chemical __________ has happened. 2. Other signs of a chemical reaction might be an increase in temperature if _____ is released or a change in ________. 3. Physical changes like _________ do not make new materials a ...
... If they are formed in a reaction you will see __________. This can be a sign that a chemical __________ has happened. 2. Other signs of a chemical reaction might be an increase in temperature if _____ is released or a change in ________. 3. Physical changes like _________ do not make new materials a ...
Amino Acid Metabolism
... and leucine yielding CO2, and acyl-CoA derivatives. • Shares ancestry with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, -KG dehydrogenase complex – another example of gene duplication ...
... and leucine yielding CO2, and acyl-CoA derivatives. • Shares ancestry with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, -KG dehydrogenase complex – another example of gene duplication ...
Protein Synthesis
... DNA code is a series of 4 nucleotides, A, T, C and G. Each three nucleotides in a row on a gene code for a certain amino acid in that part of the protein. ...
... DNA code is a series of 4 nucleotides, A, T, C and G. Each three nucleotides in a row on a gene code for a certain amino acid in that part of the protein. ...
Document
... • Ammonia is a common metabolic precursor and product • High levels of ammonia are toxic to brain function > brain completely oxidizes glucose using TCA cycle; oxaloacetate recycling is necessary for optimal TCA cycle activity > high ammonia forces glutamate and glutamine production from a-ketogluta ...
... • Ammonia is a common metabolic precursor and product • High levels of ammonia are toxic to brain function > brain completely oxidizes glucose using TCA cycle; oxaloacetate recycling is necessary for optimal TCA cycle activity > high ammonia forces glutamate and glutamine production from a-ketogluta ...
Unit 3 - Energy Systems and Muscle Fibres
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION – 36 ATP Glucose fuels this system but, Glucose ▪ Fats can be broken down when exercise occurs for longer than 20 min 2 ATP are ▪ Proteins can beMade broken down in chronic situations – ...
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION – 36 ATP Glucose fuels this system but, Glucose ▪ Fats can be broken down when exercise occurs for longer than 20 min 2 ATP are ▪ Proteins can beMade broken down in chronic situations – ...
ХРОМАТОГРАММЫ
... selective HPLC, NMR, mass and flow cytometric methods of nitrogen-containing biologically active substances’ determination (free α-amino acids and their metabolites, as well as the alkaloids of celandine), which allow to identify them in one biological sample, but in vitro a specific selective bindi ...
... selective HPLC, NMR, mass and flow cytometric methods of nitrogen-containing biologically active substances’ determination (free α-amino acids and their metabolites, as well as the alkaloids of celandine), which allow to identify them in one biological sample, but in vitro a specific selective bindi ...
8 Aerobic Respiration
... the membrane (and reach equilibrium) is through a specific channel enzyme called ATP synthase. ATP synthase looks like an upside-down light bulb. As the hydrogen atoms pass through the ATP synthase from the outside of the membrane to the inside, they provide kinetic energy to the enzyme. With thi ...
... the membrane (and reach equilibrium) is through a specific channel enzyme called ATP synthase. ATP synthase looks like an upside-down light bulb. As the hydrogen atoms pass through the ATP synthase from the outside of the membrane to the inside, they provide kinetic energy to the enzyme. With thi ...
ascendant cerebral 5-hydroxytryptamine
... slice preparations. The metabolic effects in vivo, like those of barbiturates, can be attributed to the general damping down ofelectrical activity, thus diminishing ionic fluxes induced by action potentials and by the release of excitatory transmitters. However, a direct effect of the inhibitory ami ...
... slice preparations. The metabolic effects in vivo, like those of barbiturates, can be attributed to the general damping down ofelectrical activity, thus diminishing ionic fluxes induced by action potentials and by the release of excitatory transmitters. However, a direct effect of the inhibitory ami ...
amino acid
... the human body is incapable of producing 9 of these 20 acids, these 9 amino acids, called essential amino acids, must be obtained from food. • The human body can synthesize small amounts of some of the essential amino acids, but not enough to meet its needs, especially in the case of growing childre ...
... the human body is incapable of producing 9 of these 20 acids, these 9 amino acids, called essential amino acids, must be obtained from food. • The human body can synthesize small amounts of some of the essential amino acids, but not enough to meet its needs, especially in the case of growing childre ...
Chapter 7 Study Guide
... ATP, CO2, and large amounts of reduced carriers (NADH and FADH2).The respiratory chain then completes energy extraction and the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is oxygen. In anaerobic respiration, compounds such as sulfate, nitrate, or nitrite serve this function. Fermentation is anae ...
... ATP, CO2, and large amounts of reduced carriers (NADH and FADH2).The respiratory chain then completes energy extraction and the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is oxygen. In anaerobic respiration, compounds such as sulfate, nitrate, or nitrite serve this function. Fermentation is anae ...
Summary notes on Genetics and Gene expression
... The genetic code = the sequence of bases on mRNA that code for specific amino acids. Features of the genetic code: Each amino acid is coded for by a sequence of 3 bases on the mRNA strand A few amino acids have only one codon The code is degenerate (some amino acids can be coded for by differe ...
... The genetic code = the sequence of bases on mRNA that code for specific amino acids. Features of the genetic code: Each amino acid is coded for by a sequence of 3 bases on the mRNA strand A few amino acids have only one codon The code is degenerate (some amino acids can be coded for by differe ...
Molecular Evolution - Integrative Biology
... and can be important where convergent evolution of similar characteristics can cause confusion in drawing evolutionary trees based on the characteristics of organisms, and/or when the fossil record is poor. Almost any type of character (for example, morphological structures, characteristics of cells ...
... and can be important where convergent evolution of similar characteristics can cause confusion in drawing evolutionary trees based on the characteristics of organisms, and/or when the fossil record is poor. Almost any type of character (for example, morphological structures, characteristics of cells ...
CENTRAL DOGMA AND GENE REGULATION
... Codon: the triplicate code found on mRNA that codes for each of the 20 amino acids, for start (methionine) and stop Genetic Code: the inventory of linkages between nucleotide triplets and the amino acids they code for: GENE REGULATION: Determines when a protein is expressed (produced) in a cell. Som ...
... Codon: the triplicate code found on mRNA that codes for each of the 20 amino acids, for start (methionine) and stop Genetic Code: the inventory of linkages between nucleotide triplets and the amino acids they code for: GENE REGULATION: Determines when a protein is expressed (produced) in a cell. Som ...
ATP - MindMeister
... H+ can only “fall” back into matrix thru A special enzyme/protein complex ATP SYNTHASE…guess what that makes?? But…how much ATP?? ...
... H+ can only “fall” back into matrix thru A special enzyme/protein complex ATP SYNTHASE…guess what that makes?? But…how much ATP?? ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.