California earthquakes: 1933
... • Gave the state authority to supervise structures built for schools ...
... • Gave the state authority to supervise structures built for schools ...
Measures for Earthquake Risk Reduction
... its epicenter, Bhuj but also to other towns of the district of Kutch and to about 500 villages out of the total of 900 villages. The reported damage to property in Gujarat was about Rs.21, 000crore and the number of human lives lost were about 14,000. Of these, more than 500 deaths were reported fro ...
... its epicenter, Bhuj but also to other towns of the district of Kutch and to about 500 villages out of the total of 900 villages. The reported damage to property in Gujarat was about Rs.21, 000crore and the number of human lives lost were about 14,000. Of these, more than 500 deaths were reported fro ...
SEISMIC RETROFIT OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS
... Option 1: Replacement of URM infill with damped bracing In this option, the URM infill would be replaced with K-bracing in the 2.5m span bay at each level of the building. The bracing would incorporate energy dissipation devices that would help reduce the seismic demands from the levels correspondin ...
... Option 1: Replacement of URM infill with damped bracing In this option, the URM infill would be replaced with K-bracing in the 2.5m span bay at each level of the building. The bracing would incorporate energy dissipation devices that would help reduce the seismic demands from the levels correspondin ...
Haiti Earthquake: A simple concept to help save lives in the future
... But there are simple and affordable ways to make Haiti’s buildings safe in the future. The vulnerability of all buildings made of cubes is described and illustrated above. On producing the exact same building model as above but snapping in corner joints buildings can be made what engineers call ‘lif ...
... But there are simple and affordable ways to make Haiti’s buildings safe in the future. The vulnerability of all buildings made of cubes is described and illustrated above. On producing the exact same building model as above but snapping in corner joints buildings can be made what engineers call ‘lif ...
Earthquake Early Warning Rapid Response
... the form of shake maps as well as tabular reports that can be transmitted to disaster management organisations, decision makers and general public. ...
... the form of shake maps as well as tabular reports that can be transmitted to disaster management organisations, decision makers and general public. ...
effect of earthquake loading on multi
... substantial damage with local failures and, in extreme cases, collapse. ...
... substantial damage with local failures and, in extreme cases, collapse. ...
REVIEW OF SEISMIC STRENGTHENING GUIDELINES FOR R. C.
... assessment, to propose a strengthening scheme, thence reducing the cost of the assessment stage. Tier 2 first requires a quantitative elastic analysis of the entire structural system, either dynamic or static equivalent, compulsory if the building is in the highest risk zone. Compliance criteria are ...
... assessment, to propose a strengthening scheme, thence reducing the cost of the assessment stage. Tier 2 first requires a quantitative elastic analysis of the entire structural system, either dynamic or static equivalent, compulsory if the building is in the highest risk zone. Compliance criteria are ...
Earth Structure Test
... 4. Sketch a travel - time graph showing the seismogram records of three seismic stations at different distances from an earthquake. Explain how these travel - time curves can be used to locate an earthquake epicentre 5. Describe and explain with the aid of diagrams the importance of seismology in de ...
... 4. Sketch a travel - time graph showing the seismogram records of three seismic stations at different distances from an earthquake. Explain how these travel - time curves can be used to locate an earthquake epicentre 5. Describe and explain with the aid of diagrams the importance of seismology in de ...
Plate Tectonics - twpunionschools.org
... • The energy from an earthquake is released as seismic waves, that travel through Earth’s crust from the focus causing the ground to shake. • P waves – come first, compress and expand • S waves – come second, side to side • Surface waves- move along the surface, causes severe ground movements ...
... • The energy from an earthquake is released as seismic waves, that travel through Earth’s crust from the focus causing the ground to shake. • P waves – come first, compress and expand • S waves – come second, side to side • Surface waves- move along the surface, causes severe ground movements ...
TEN MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT BUILDINGS AND EARTHQUAKES
... while ensuring safety, but it can also result in a building that will need to be demolished and replaced following a major earthquake. Photo: CA EQ Clearinghouse / Pooya Sarabandi ...
... while ensuring safety, but it can also result in a building that will need to be demolished and replaced following a major earthquake. Photo: CA EQ Clearinghouse / Pooya Sarabandi ...
Earthquake Focal Mechanisms
... via the above sketch on the board OR with students at corners of “human apices” as shown above. Emphasize first motions in 2-D. ...
... via the above sketch on the board OR with students at corners of “human apices” as shown above. Emphasize first motions in 2-D. ...
Electromagnetic fields generated by an earthquake due to the
... Technology, Harbin, China, 3. School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China ...
... Technology, Harbin, China, 3. School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China ...
Homework Set 2
... provide a higher seismic hazard to this metropolitan region than the nearby San Andreas fault, despite the fact that the SAF can produce M~8 earthquakes whereas the thrust faults have historically produced earthquakes with M<7? ...
... provide a higher seismic hazard to this metropolitan region than the nearby San Andreas fault, despite the fact that the SAF can produce M~8 earthquakes whereas the thrust faults have historically produced earthquakes with M<7? ...
Seismic Evaluation and Upgrading of Buildings
... necessary, by a more detailed evaluation of items that are uncertain or borderline. This procedure provides a way of determining a building’s deficiencies and ranking them at minimum cost. For the most part, the criteria used for the structural evaluation of an existing building must follow Part 4 o ...
... necessary, by a more detailed evaluation of items that are uncertain or borderline. This procedure provides a way of determining a building’s deficiencies and ranking them at minimum cost. For the most part, the criteria used for the structural evaluation of an existing building must follow Part 4 o ...
measure earthquakes
... earthquake’s seismic waves. Think about what we learned earlier this week. What does this seismogram reinforce about S, P and surface waves? ...
... earthquake’s seismic waves. Think about what we learned earlier this week. What does this seismogram reinforce about S, P and surface waves? ...
Seismic retrofit
Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes. With better understanding of seismic demand on structures and with our recent experiences with large earthquakes near urban centers, the need of seismic retrofitting is well acknowledged. Prior to the introduction of modern seismic codes in the late 1960s for developed countries (US, Japan etc.) and late 1970s for many other parts of the world (Turkey, China etc.), many structures were designed without adequate detailing and reinforcement for seismic protection. In view of the imminent problem, various research work has been carried out. State-of-the-art technical guidelines for seismic assessment, retrofit and rehabilitation have been published around the world - such as the ASCE-SEI 41 and the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering (NZSEE)'s guidelines. These codes must be regularly updated; the 1994 Northridge earthquake brought to light the brittleness of welded steel frames, for example.The retrofit techniques outlined here are also applicable for other natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and severe winds from thunderstorms. Whilst current practice of seismic retrofitting is predominantly concerned with structural improvements to reduce the seismic hazard of using the structures, it is similarly essential to reduce the hazards and losses from non-structural elements. It is also important to keep in mind that there is no such thing as an earthquake-proof structure, although seismic performance can be greatly enhanced through proper initial design or subsequent modifications.