the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase in glucose and ketone
... 1.1. Regulation of blood glucose levels in the fed state......................................................2 1.2. Regulation of blood glucose levels in the fasted state .................................................2 1.3. Regulation of blood glucose by counter-regulatory hormones ............. ...
... 1.1. Regulation of blood glucose levels in the fed state......................................................2 1.2. Regulation of blood glucose levels in the fasted state .................................................2 1.3. Regulation of blood glucose by counter-regulatory hormones ............. ...
Acid-Base 2013 - UMF IASI 2015
... •HCO3 - formed intracellularly is returned to the systemic circulation via the basolateral Cl-/HCO3 - exchanger, AE1 (gene symbol SLC4A1) •H+ enters the tubular lumen via 1 of 2 apical proton pumps, H+ «ATPase or H+ K+ «ATPase •The secretion of H+ in these segments is influenced by Na+ reabsorption ...
... •HCO3 - formed intracellularly is returned to the systemic circulation via the basolateral Cl-/HCO3 - exchanger, AE1 (gene symbol SLC4A1) •H+ enters the tubular lumen via 1 of 2 apical proton pumps, H+ «ATPase or H+ K+ «ATPase •The secretion of H+ in these segments is influenced by Na+ reabsorption ...
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... in Drosophila whose partial loss of function leads to life span extension most likely mediates the cellular uptake of TCA cycle intermediates. It was thought that the mechanistic connection between the partial loss of function and life span extension was based on the transporter-dependent changes in ...
... in Drosophila whose partial loss of function leads to life span extension most likely mediates the cellular uptake of TCA cycle intermediates. It was thought that the mechanistic connection between the partial loss of function and life span extension was based on the transporter-dependent changes in ...
Nutrition for sport and exercise
... Permissions Editor: Mardell Schultz © 2008 Thomson Wadsworth, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Wadsworth are trademarks used herein under license. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any m ...
... Permissions Editor: Mardell Schultz © 2008 Thomson Wadsworth, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Wadsworth are trademarks used herein under license. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any m ...
Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy
... chemiluminescent methods are used to measure these. Increase in hyperthyroidism, decrease in hypothyroidism or thyroiditis. TSH: Increases or decreases by the negative feedback of thyroid hormons on hypophysis. Increases in hypothyroidism, decreases in hyperthyroidism. Thyroglobulin: Helps to differ ...
... chemiluminescent methods are used to measure these. Increase in hyperthyroidism, decrease in hypothyroidism or thyroiditis. TSH: Increases or decreases by the negative feedback of thyroid hormons on hypophysis. Increases in hypothyroidism, decreases in hyperthyroidism. Thyroglobulin: Helps to differ ...
Carnitine: A Review - Society of Education~Agra
... compounds of either endogenous or exogenous origin by trapping acyl groups such as carnitine esters, which may then be transported to the liver for catabolism or to the kidney for excretion in the urine. It has been reported that nicotinamide and L-carnitine protect human cells from oxygen free radi ...
... compounds of either endogenous or exogenous origin by trapping acyl groups such as carnitine esters, which may then be transported to the liver for catabolism or to the kidney for excretion in the urine. It has been reported that nicotinamide and L-carnitine protect human cells from oxygen free radi ...
Glycogen
... (2) Glycogen debranching enzyme—transfers the terminal three glucose residues (in the context of a trisaccharide unit) of the 4-mer limit branches to the nonreducing end of another branch (thereby enabling glycogen phosphorylase to finish off glycosidic bonds that it otherwise cannot access)—the enz ...
... (2) Glycogen debranching enzyme—transfers the terminal three glucose residues (in the context of a trisaccharide unit) of the 4-mer limit branches to the nonreducing end of another branch (thereby enabling glycogen phosphorylase to finish off glycosidic bonds that it otherwise cannot access)—the enz ...
The Role of Epidermal Lipids in Cutaneous Permeability Barrier
... KF: Within the epidermis there is a calcium gradient with high levels of extracellular calcium in the upper epidermis surrounding the stratum granulosum cells (58, 59). Immediately following barrier disruption the increased water movement through the compromised stratum corneum carries calcium outw ...
... KF: Within the epidermis there is a calcium gradient with high levels of extracellular calcium in the upper epidermis surrounding the stratum granulosum cells (58, 59). Immediately following barrier disruption the increased water movement through the compromised stratum corneum carries calcium outw ...
Increased Secretion of Lipoproteins in Transgenic Mice Expressing
... produced 3 transgenic mouse lines, 1 expressing WT PCSK9 and 2 expressing D374Y PCSK9. All the transgenic mice showed normal fertility, and there was no significant difference in their size or weight gain compared with BACnegative littermates. Transgenic mice were identified by analysis of genomic D ...
... produced 3 transgenic mouse lines, 1 expressing WT PCSK9 and 2 expressing D374Y PCSK9. All the transgenic mice showed normal fertility, and there was no significant difference in their size or weight gain compared with BACnegative littermates. Transgenic mice were identified by analysis of genomic D ...
Beta-Cell Function and Failure in Type 1 Diabetes
... Mexico City, Mexico 1. Introduction Glucose is an essential energy source for all cells. Therefore, maintaining glucose levels within a normal range is essential for life in vertebrates. Glucose homeostasis in the organism is tightly regulated by insulin, a hormone that acts on the major glucose met ...
... Mexico City, Mexico 1. Introduction Glucose is an essential energy source for all cells. Therefore, maintaining glucose levels within a normal range is essential for life in vertebrates. Glucose homeostasis in the organism is tightly regulated by insulin, a hormone that acts on the major glucose met ...
Training Carnitine - Overview
... Depending on the system involved there are two forms: • The systemic form, caused by malabsorption of carnitine in the gastrointestinal tract, shows low carnitine in the liver and/or plasma. • The myopathic form, restricted to skeletal muscle, is caused by difficulties in carnitine‘s penetration of ...
... Depending on the system involved there are two forms: • The systemic form, caused by malabsorption of carnitine in the gastrointestinal tract, shows low carnitine in the liver and/or plasma. • The myopathic form, restricted to skeletal muscle, is caused by difficulties in carnitine‘s penetration of ...
Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Hepatic Glucose Metabolism
... NEFA concentrations are higher in individuals with type 2 diabetes than nondiabetic individuals, even though their insulin concentrations are also higher (13,14). Normally, the liver extracts approximately one-third of a glucose load delivered enterally or into the portal vein (15–17), but net HGU ( ...
... NEFA concentrations are higher in individuals with type 2 diabetes than nondiabetic individuals, even though their insulin concentrations are also higher (13,14). Normally, the liver extracts approximately one-third of a glucose load delivered enterally or into the portal vein (15–17), but net HGU ( ...
Excess amino acid supply improves methionine and leucine
... containing 30 g of NaOH. After all AA were dissolved, the 2 solutions of AA were mixed together, 300 g of glucose was added, and water was added to bring the total weight of the daily infusate to 4 kg. The EAA and NEAA + EAA treatments were prepared by replacing 2 kg of water from the control infusa ...
... containing 30 g of NaOH. After all AA were dissolved, the 2 solutions of AA were mixed together, 300 g of glucose was added, and water was added to bring the total weight of the daily infusate to 4 kg. The EAA and NEAA + EAA treatments were prepared by replacing 2 kg of water from the control infusa ...
Novel control of lactate dehydrogenase from the freeze
... Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the terminal enzyme of anaerobic glycolysis, plays a crucial role both in sustaining glycolytic ATP production under oxygen-limiting conditions and in facilitating the catabolism of accumulated lactate when stress conditions are relieved. In this study, the effects on LD ...
... Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the terminal enzyme of anaerobic glycolysis, plays a crucial role both in sustaining glycolytic ATP production under oxygen-limiting conditions and in facilitating the catabolism of accumulated lactate when stress conditions are relieved. In this study, the effects on LD ...
Glycogen Metabolism
... via Glycolysis to produce lactate & fatty acid precursors. During fasting, glucose is low because the liver lacks glycogen stores for generation of glucose. Ketone bodies are produced as an alternative fuel. ...
... via Glycolysis to produce lactate & fatty acid precursors. During fasting, glucose is low because the liver lacks glycogen stores for generation of glucose. Ketone bodies are produced as an alternative fuel. ...
Metabolism
... smaller polysaccharides (dextrins), maltose, and some glucose. • In the small intestine, pancreatic amylase hydrolyzes dextrins to maltose and glucose. • The disaccharides maltose, lactose, and sucrose are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides. • The monosaccharides enter the bloodstream for transport to th ...
... smaller polysaccharides (dextrins), maltose, and some glucose. • In the small intestine, pancreatic amylase hydrolyzes dextrins to maltose and glucose. • The disaccharides maltose, lactose, and sucrose are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides. • The monosaccharides enter the bloodstream for transport to th ...
Glycogen Metabolism
... via Glycolysis to produce lactate & fatty acid precursors. During fasting, glucose is low because the liver lacks glycogen stores for generation of glucose. Ketone bodies are produced as an alternative fuel. ...
... via Glycolysis to produce lactate & fatty acid precursors. During fasting, glucose is low because the liver lacks glycogen stores for generation of glucose. Ketone bodies are produced as an alternative fuel. ...
Research Interest
... Funari, VA, et al. Fructose metabolism in the cerebellum. The Cerebellum. 2007;6:130140. Gao X, et al. Intake of added sugar and sugar-sweetened drink and serum uric acid concentration in US men and women. Hypertension. 2007;50:306-312. Hawkins M, et al. Fructose improves the ability of hyperglycemi ...
... Funari, VA, et al. Fructose metabolism in the cerebellum. The Cerebellum. 2007;6:130140. Gao X, et al. Intake of added sugar and sugar-sweetened drink and serum uric acid concentration in US men and women. Hypertension. 2007;50:306-312. Hawkins M, et al. Fructose improves the ability of hyperglycemi ...
Postprandial Serum Fructose Levels in Patients Tested
... Funari, VA, et al. Fructose metabolism in the cerebellum. The Cerebellum. 2007;6:130140. Gao X, et al. Intake of added sugar and sugar-sweetened drink and serum uric acid concentration in US men and women. Hypertension. 2007;50:306-312. Hawkins M, et al. Fructose improves the ability of hyperglycemi ...
... Funari, VA, et al. Fructose metabolism in the cerebellum. The Cerebellum. 2007;6:130140. Gao X, et al. Intake of added sugar and sugar-sweetened drink and serum uric acid concentration in US men and women. Hypertension. 2007;50:306-312. Hawkins M, et al. Fructose improves the ability of hyperglycemi ...
The Role of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in
... deletion protects against high sucrose diet-induced and leptin-deficient obesity, because Chrebp−/− mice cannot consume fructose or sucrose. Moreover, ChREBP contributes to some of the physiological effects of fructose on sweet taste preference and glucose production through regulation of ChREBP tar ...
... deletion protects against high sucrose diet-induced and leptin-deficient obesity, because Chrebp−/− mice cannot consume fructose or sucrose. Moreover, ChREBP contributes to some of the physiological effects of fructose on sweet taste preference and glucose production through regulation of ChREBP tar ...
Glucosamine-Induced Insulin Resistance in Primary Rat
... may play a role in induction of insulin resistance and thus needs to be evaluated in different cell types. Therefore, we set out to test whether or not insulin resistance could be established in primary rat hepatocytes. To accomplish this we used a HBP precursor, glucosamine and first assessed wheth ...
... may play a role in induction of insulin resistance and thus needs to be evaluated in different cell types. Therefore, we set out to test whether or not insulin resistance could be established in primary rat hepatocytes. To accomplish this we used a HBP precursor, glucosamine and first assessed wheth ...
Lactate distribution in culture medium of human myometrial biopsies
... substrate at term pregnancy. It seems that smooth muscle cells in uterus are capable of producing lactate at a higher rate under aerobic conditions (20) compared with striated muscle cells. Lactate has been thought to cause muscle fatigue, but during the last decade evidence has been presented to su ...
... substrate at term pregnancy. It seems that smooth muscle cells in uterus are capable of producing lactate at a higher rate under aerobic conditions (20) compared with striated muscle cells. Lactate has been thought to cause muscle fatigue, but during the last decade evidence has been presented to su ...
Aspects of Lipid Metabolism in Crustaceans Department of
... acids, whereas the lipid of fresh water forms characteristically yields a relatively larger quantity of saturated C I 6 and CIS fatty acids. Table 2 reveals that the marine crustaceans, P. borealis and M. norvegica, do indeed contain significant quantities of highly unsaturated (polyenic) fatty acid ...
... acids, whereas the lipid of fresh water forms characteristically yields a relatively larger quantity of saturated C I 6 and CIS fatty acids. Table 2 reveals that the marine crustaceans, P. borealis and M. norvegica, do indeed contain significant quantities of highly unsaturated (polyenic) fatty acid ...
Recent advances in biosynthesis of fatty acids derived products in
... Due to the Crabtree effect, most of the metabolic fluxes go through ethanol formation during glucose fermentation in S. cerevisiae. Therefore, the central metabolism of yeast should be engineered to redirect the metabolic flux to acetyl-CoA biosynthesis. As shown in Fig. 3, acetaldehyde is the branc ...
... Due to the Crabtree effect, most of the metabolic fluxes go through ethanol formation during glucose fermentation in S. cerevisiae. Therefore, the central metabolism of yeast should be engineered to redirect the metabolic flux to acetyl-CoA biosynthesis. As shown in Fig. 3, acetaldehyde is the branc ...