Framing Document - American Physical Society
... Section D.1 of the AR5 WG1 SPM discusses this shortfall (greater detail can be found in the citations to the WG1 report): The observed reduction in surface warming trend over the period 1998–2012 as compared to the period 1951–2012, is due in roughly equal measure to a reduced trend in radiative for ...
... Section D.1 of the AR5 WG1 SPM discusses this shortfall (greater detail can be found in the citations to the WG1 report): The observed reduction in surface warming trend over the period 1998–2012 as compared to the period 1951–2012, is due in roughly equal measure to a reduced trend in radiative for ...
![OC-2 Wind-driven Ocean Circulation [text KKC, pp.80-85]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008502887_1-6ef66b62825062dfd75ea5af20713ce0-300x300.png)
Global warming and agriculture: impact estimates by country
... both the baseline emissions scenario chosen and the set of GCMs for which projections are available should be seen as intermediate rather than extreme at either the high or low end. It is well known that there is less agreement among the GCMs about climate change prospects at the regional level than ...
... both the baseline emissions scenario chosen and the set of GCMs for which projections are available should be seen as intermediate rather than extreme at either the high or low end. It is well known that there is less agreement among the GCMs about climate change prospects at the regional level than ...
International Workshop Development and Application of Regional
... Both global and regional numerical climate models are important tools in understanding physical mechanisms involved in and controlling climate change and variability at multiple spatio-temporal scales. They may also provide the unique possibility to construct physically based future climate projecti ...
... Both global and regional numerical climate models are important tools in understanding physical mechanisms involved in and controlling climate change and variability at multiple spatio-temporal scales. They may also provide the unique possibility to construct physically based future climate projecti ...
Decadel climate prediction: challenges and opportunities
... states of soil moisture and surface vegetation are especially important in understanding and predicting warm season precipitation and temperature anomalies along with other aspects of the land surface. But at this time there is no direct way to provide soil moisture or ground conditions. Any informa ...
... states of soil moisture and surface vegetation are especially important in understanding and predicting warm season precipitation and temperature anomalies along with other aspects of the land surface. But at this time there is no direct way to provide soil moisture or ground conditions. Any informa ...
Implications of global warming for the climate of African rainforests
... of HadSM3, which has the same atmospheric and land surface physics as HadCM3 (one of the coupled models included in CMIP3), but with a 50 m thermodynamic mixed layer or ‘slab’ ocean. Each model version was run in equilibrium experiments, with preindustrial and doubled CO2 (2 CO2). The runs continue ...
... of HadSM3, which has the same atmospheric and land surface physics as HadCM3 (one of the coupled models included in CMIP3), but with a 50 m thermodynamic mixed layer or ‘slab’ ocean. Each model version was run in equilibrium experiments, with preindustrial and doubled CO2 (2 CO2). The runs continue ...
Europass Curriculum Vitae - ISAC
... Quality test and analysis of meteorological data of stations at high altitude. Work part of NEXTDATA Project National Research Council - Institute of Atmospheric Science and Climate CNR-ISAC, via Piero Gobetti, 101 - 40129 Bologna Climatology From 2nd May 2013 to 1st December 2013 Research Fellow An ...
... Quality test and analysis of meteorological data of stations at high altitude. Work part of NEXTDATA Project National Research Council - Institute of Atmospheric Science and Climate CNR-ISAC, via Piero Gobetti, 101 - 40129 Bologna Climatology From 2nd May 2013 to 1st December 2013 Research Fellow An ...
CHANGING HOW EARTH SYSTEM MODELING IS DONE TO
... sea level pressure predicted by a general circulation model with its between-run variations arising only from simulated random atmospheric and oceanic processes. They found that <10 simulations were insufficient to detect changes in precipitation and sea level pressure for most regions of Earth, eve ...
... sea level pressure predicted by a general circulation model with its between-run variations arising only from simulated random atmospheric and oceanic processes. They found that <10 simulations were insufficient to detect changes in precipitation and sea level pressure for most regions of Earth, eve ...
Climate projections: Past performance no guarantee of future skill?
... Figure 2. RMS error of gridded (top) European and (bottom) Siberian 20-year mean surface temperature for the 17-model ensemble (grey dotted), best selected ensembles of all sizes (black dashed) and the mean of all possible combinations of models (or random selection) for each ensemble size (solid bl ...
... Figure 2. RMS error of gridded (top) European and (bottom) Siberian 20-year mean surface temperature for the 17-model ensemble (grey dotted), best selected ensembles of all sizes (black dashed) and the mean of all possible combinations of models (or random selection) for each ensemble size (solid bl ...
Probabilistic multimodel regional temperature change projections
... CNRM, Météo-France/Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques; CSIRO, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; MPI, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology; GISS, Goddard Institute for Space Studies; Hadley Centre, Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research/Met Office ...
... CNRM, Météo-France/Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques; CSIRO, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; MPI, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology; GISS, Goddard Institute for Space Studies; Hadley Centre, Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research/Met Office ...
Weather Forecasting
... • Upper level winds, particularly those at 5500 m, which is a common elevation for the 500 mb surface, often guide the path of surface pressure systems. • These upper level winds, however, travel at nearly twice the speed as the surface systems. • Low will head to the NE, while the high will head ...
... • Upper level winds, particularly those at 5500 m, which is a common elevation for the 500 mb surface, often guide the path of surface pressure systems. • These upper level winds, however, travel at nearly twice the speed as the surface systems. • Low will head to the NE, while the high will head ...
Editorial: Marketing Science, Models, Monopoly Models, and Why
... advise players who already act optimally or to explore improvements at equilibrium. Hence, although including competition is desirable, current methods often force assumptions conflicting with other objectives. Assuming pre-existing optimal behavior requires predicted behavior to match empirically o ...
... advise players who already act optimally or to explore improvements at equilibrium. Hence, although including competition is desirable, current methods often force assumptions conflicting with other objectives. Assuming pre-existing optimal behavior requires predicted behavior to match empirically o ...
World Climate Research Programme 33nd Session Joint Scientific
... Drought Predictability and Prediction in a Changing Climate: Assessing Current Predictive Knowledge and Capabilities, User Requirements and Research Priorities ...
... Drought Predictability and Prediction in a Changing Climate: Assessing Current Predictive Knowledge and Capabilities, User Requirements and Research Priorities ...
Earth System Model Installation at TERI HPC: Norway – India
... The need to understand climate variability and change are gaining high priorities than anticipated. Many significant impacts have been highlighted which substantiates the influence of climate variability and change on different spatial and temporal scales. More precisely it was found that the unders ...
... The need to understand climate variability and change are gaining high priorities than anticipated. Many significant impacts have been highlighted which substantiates the influence of climate variability and change on different spatial and temporal scales. More precisely it was found that the unders ...
Development of a system emulating the global carbon cycle in Earth
... change anomalies is assumed fixed, and calculated as the difference between a control run (e.g. a pre-industrial climate simulation) and an equilibrium run under different boundary conditions, typically 2×CO2 with a slab ocean model. For transient simulations, the pattern of climate change is then s ...
... change anomalies is assumed fixed, and calculated as the difference between a control run (e.g. a pre-industrial climate simulation) and an equilibrium run under different boundary conditions, typically 2×CO2 with a slab ocean model. For transient simulations, the pattern of climate change is then s ...
iMarNet: an ocean biogeochemistry model intercomparison project
... participating models were permitted to make use of different initial distributions of iron (typically those routinely used by the models in other settings). All other biogeochemical fields (e.g. plankton, particulate or dissolved organic material) were initialised to arbitrarily small initial condit ...
... participating models were permitted to make use of different initial distributions of iron (typically those routinely used by the models in other settings). All other biogeochemical fields (e.g. plankton, particulate or dissolved organic material) were initialised to arbitrarily small initial condit ...
Comparison of glacierinferred temperatures with observations and
... no effect from precipitation variations. A global-mean temperature anomaly series for 1834 to 1990 series was then constructed from a weighted average of the regional temperatures, using weights of 0.5 for the SH, 0.1 for NWAme, 0.15 for the Atlantic sector, 0.1 for the Alps, and 0.15 for Asia (as s ...
... no effect from precipitation variations. A global-mean temperature anomaly series for 1834 to 1990 series was then constructed from a weighted average of the regional temperatures, using weights of 0.5 for the SH, 0.1 for NWAme, 0.15 for the Atlantic sector, 0.1 for the Alps, and 0.15 for Asia (as s ...
Large scale 1D-1D surface modelling tool for urban water - I
... small stream running through the developed area. Combinations of upstream urban overflow and a grassland drainage system generate a risk for overland flooding in the village and following material damage. Downstream the village the stream conveys into a larger urban area with high damage risk when f ...
... small stream running through the developed area. Combinations of upstream urban overflow and a grassland drainage system generate a risk for overland flooding in the village and following material damage. Downstream the village the stream conveys into a larger urban area with high damage risk when f ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.