Phenology as an Integrative Science for Assessment of Global
... of organisms, their inter-specific interactions, their ecological functions, and their effects on fluxes in water, energy, and chemical elements at various scales. Phenological data and models are useful in agriculture, drought monitoring, and wildfire risk assessment, as well as management of invas ...
... of organisms, their inter-specific interactions, their ecological functions, and their effects on fluxes in water, energy, and chemical elements at various scales. Phenological data and models are useful in agriculture, drought monitoring, and wildfire risk assessment, as well as management of invas ...
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... important implications for detecting the cause of TIO warming from surface heat flux observations; instead of NHF, one should examine larger component fluxes. While radiative balance is routinely analyzed at the top of the atmosphere to study climate feedback [Bony et al., 2006], to our knowledge, a ...
... important implications for detecting the cause of TIO warming from surface heat flux observations; instead of NHF, one should examine larger component fluxes. While radiative balance is routinely analyzed at the top of the atmosphere to study climate feedback [Bony et al., 2006], to our knowledge, a ...
evaluation of sustainable yield of the
... pumping. A numerical groundwater model and hydrogeologic data were the primary tools used in this evaluation. A numerical groundwater availability model (GAM) of the Barton Springs aquifer had been developed by the University of Texas Bureau of Economic Geology and the District. The GAM was recalibr ...
... pumping. A numerical groundwater model and hydrogeologic data were the primary tools used in this evaluation. A numerical groundwater availability model (GAM) of the Barton Springs aquifer had been developed by the University of Texas Bureau of Economic Geology and the District. The GAM was recalibr ...
Explanation on working group tasks
... Composition/Chemistry of the free troposphere Air Pollution CLRTAP (Convention Long-Range Transport), EC directives on air quality, policy support Forecasts ozone hole and surface UV, chemical weather, improvement of NWP, regional and city scale model input, aviation management Atmospheric Chemistry ...
... Composition/Chemistry of the free troposphere Air Pollution CLRTAP (Convention Long-Range Transport), EC directives on air quality, policy support Forecasts ozone hole and surface UV, chemical weather, improvement of NWP, regional and city scale model input, aviation management Atmospheric Chemistry ...
Dynamics of Single Neurons
... excitable. • We want to understand what makes different neurons behave in different ways. • Going model-by-model is difficult and not at all general: – there are hundreds of channel types in nature – any cell expresses a few or ten or so of them ...
... excitable. • We want to understand what makes different neurons behave in different ways. • Going model-by-model is difficult and not at all general: – there are hundreds of channel types in nature – any cell expresses a few or ten or so of them ...
Selecting Ensemble Members to Provide Regional Climate Change
... CAROL F. MCSWEENEY, RICHARD G. JONES, AND BEN B. B. BOOTH Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom (Manuscript received 12 September 2011, in final form 28 March 2012) ABSTRACT Climate model ensembles, such as the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 3 (CMIP3), are used to characteri ...
... CAROL F. MCSWEENEY, RICHARD G. JONES, AND BEN B. B. BOOTH Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom (Manuscript received 12 September 2011, in final form 28 March 2012) ABSTRACT Climate model ensembles, such as the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 3 (CMIP3), are used to characteri ...
Evidence that local land use practices influence regional climate
... physical and physiological vegetation parameters (e.g. albedo, roughness, vegetated fraction, stomatal control) were functions of vegetation type (values were taken from Biosphere Atmosphere Transfer Scheme, Dickenson et al. 1993). Leaf area was undifferentiated between vegetation types. This model ...
... physical and physiological vegetation parameters (e.g. albedo, roughness, vegetated fraction, stomatal control) were functions of vegetation type (values were taken from Biosphere Atmosphere Transfer Scheme, Dickenson et al. 1993). Leaf area was undifferentiated between vegetation types. This model ...
Doney_2002_JGOFS_Syn..
... gradually being modified to capture the greater range of the ecological complexity observed in the ocean. Mixed-layer and 1-D models, while providing a useful framework or test-bed for exploring ecological processes and implementing biological data assimilation techniques, however, often are develope ...
... gradually being modified to capture the greater range of the ecological complexity observed in the ocean. Mixed-layer and 1-D models, while providing a useful framework or test-bed for exploring ecological processes and implementing biological data assimilation techniques, however, often are develope ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... event and removes the potential for the clustering algorithm to cluster points based on differences in their means. This clustering is performed using the iterative clustering algorithm ISODATA (Ball and Hall [32]) applied to the above data series for the 200 largest precipitation events over the fi ...
... event and removes the potential for the clustering algorithm to cluster points based on differences in their means. This clustering is performed using the iterative clustering algorithm ISODATA (Ball and Hall [32]) applied to the above data series for the 200 largest precipitation events over the fi ...
climate and the earth`s radiation budget
... Heating the lower boundary of afluidwhile cooling its interior is the classical mechanism for inducing convective instability and turbulence. In the Earth's atmosphere, evaporation of water from the surface and condensation elsewhere complicates the heat exchange. Turbulent transfer of heat and cond ...
... Heating the lower boundary of afluidwhile cooling its interior is the classical mechanism for inducing convective instability and turbulence. In the Earth's atmosphere, evaporation of water from the surface and condensation elsewhere complicates the heat exchange. Turbulent transfer of heat and cond ...
Modelling El Niño
... simulated change in climate variability that can be used to assess climate feedbacks at play in future climate projections”. A number of research groups have attempted to model changes that will occur to the amplitude and frequency of the El Niño cycle as a response to climate change. However, to da ...
... simulated change in climate variability that can be used to assess climate feedbacks at play in future climate projections”. A number of research groups have attempted to model changes that will occur to the amplitude and frequency of the El Niño cycle as a response to climate change. However, to da ...
7. Agriculture
... represent agricultural output under current climate conditions. Nevertheless, the simplifications of the crop models are a source of uncertainty of the results. For example, agricultural models in general assume that weeds, diseases and insect pests are controlled; that there are no problem soil con ...
... represent agricultural output under current climate conditions. Nevertheless, the simplifications of the crop models are a source of uncertainty of the results. For example, agricultural models in general assume that weeds, diseases and insect pests are controlled; that there are no problem soil con ...
Weather Forecasting and Indigenous Knowledge Systems in
... Modern Methods of Weather Forecasting Weather forecasting is a scientific estimate of the weather conditions at some future time which are expressed in terms of variables such as temperature, precipitation and wind [Lutgens and Tarbuck, 2010]. It is a statement of weather expected to occur in a part ...
... Modern Methods of Weather Forecasting Weather forecasting is a scientific estimate of the weather conditions at some future time which are expressed in terms of variables such as temperature, precipitation and wind [Lutgens and Tarbuck, 2010]. It is a statement of weather expected to occur in a part ...
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... (CCSR)/NIES/Frontier Research Center for Global Change (FRCGC). The ocean general circulation model is the CCSR Ocean Component model (COCO; Hasumi 2006), which includes a sea ice model. No flux correction is applied in exchanging heat, water, and momentum fluxes between the atmosphere and ocean. A la ...
... (CCSR)/NIES/Frontier Research Center for Global Change (FRCGC). The ocean general circulation model is the CCSR Ocean Component model (COCO; Hasumi 2006), which includes a sea ice model. No flux correction is applied in exchanging heat, water, and momentum fluxes between the atmosphere and ocean. A la ...
An Agent Based Model of Climate Change and Conflict
... The main simulation loop consists of herder agents adapting to the seasonally driven changes in the grazing environment. Seasonal changes in weather, in the form of the amount of rainfall, determine the current state of any given parcel according to that parcel's maximum fertility. Each time step is ...
... The main simulation loop consists of herder agents adapting to the seasonally driven changes in the grazing environment. Seasonal changes in weather, in the form of the amount of rainfall, determine the current state of any given parcel according to that parcel's maximum fertility. Each time step is ...
Document
... Increasing Temp=Increasing water Vapor (more greenhouse) Effect is expected to ‘amplify’ warming through a ‘feedback’ ...
... Increasing Temp=Increasing water Vapor (more greenhouse) Effect is expected to ‘amplify’ warming through a ‘feedback’ ...
AOOS presentation - National Federation of Regional Associations
... How can NOAA IOOS best receive regular updates or information from the RAs? – RA and partner achievements, news items, expressions of stakeholder support, engagement of new stakeholders: 1. mandatory short monthly reports in addition to biannual reports; 2. monthly conference calls – How can NOAA IO ...
... How can NOAA IOOS best receive regular updates or information from the RAs? – RA and partner achievements, news items, expressions of stakeholder support, engagement of new stakeholders: 1. mandatory short monthly reports in addition to biannual reports; 2. monthly conference calls – How can NOAA IO ...
The feasibility of low CO2 concentration targets and the role of bio
... including BECCS into the technology portfolio has hardly or even no influence on costs. This implies that BECCS (and for that matter CCS) can be considered, at this moment, as a pivotal technology in attaining low stabilisation targets. There are several critical issues, however. One critical issue ...
... including BECCS into the technology portfolio has hardly or even no influence on costs. This implies that BECCS (and for that matter CCS) can be considered, at this moment, as a pivotal technology in attaining low stabilisation targets. There are several critical issues, however. One critical issue ...
Author`s personal copy - College of DuPage Weather
... mode due to the 4 km grid spacing of the RCM. The use of UH would conceptually trigger more supercell events (due to the associated size of a mesocyclone relative to the horizontal grid spacing used) versus events produced by other convective modes (e.g., squall lines). Spatially, the largest increa ...
... mode due to the 4 km grid spacing of the RCM. The use of UH would conceptually trigger more supercell events (due to the associated size of a mesocyclone relative to the horizontal grid spacing used) versus events produced by other convective modes (e.g., squall lines). Spatially, the largest increa ...
Climate change: The Need to Consider Human Forcings in Addition to by
... Seven coupled atmosphere/land models were used to draw this graph on the next slide (LUCID simulations; Pitman et al. 2009; de Noblet-Ducoudre et al. 2011). All seven models undertook two sets of two simulations spanning a matrix of present day and preindustrial GHG-concentrations/SSTs, and pre ...
... Seven coupled atmosphere/land models were used to draw this graph on the next slide (LUCID simulations; Pitman et al. 2009; de Noblet-Ducoudre et al. 2011). All seven models undertook two sets of two simulations spanning a matrix of present day and preindustrial GHG-concentrations/SSTs, and pre ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.