Normal Cell Cancer Cell
... Most cancers result from exposures to mutagens • If one sibling or twin gets cancer, other usually does not • Populations that migrate – profile of cancer becomes more like people indigenous to new location ...
... Most cancers result from exposures to mutagens • If one sibling or twin gets cancer, other usually does not • Populations that migrate – profile of cancer becomes more like people indigenous to new location ...
Midterm
... Checkpoint proteins : Check integrity of genome before cells progress to the next step of cell cycle If abnormally detected => stop the cell division ...
... Checkpoint proteins : Check integrity of genome before cells progress to the next step of cell cycle If abnormally detected => stop the cell division ...
CHANGES IN DNA CAN PRODUCE VARIATIONS
... • A PEDIGREE (diagram of family relationships that include 2 or more generations) can show how the sickle cell allele is passed on through generations of a family. ...
... • A PEDIGREE (diagram of family relationships that include 2 or more generations) can show how the sickle cell allele is passed on through generations of a family. ...
Document
... 1. What is cancer? How are cancer cells different from normal cells? 2. What are the 3 genes involved in cancer? How are they involved? Explain in detail. 3. Why is cancer known as hundreds of diseases, rather than one disease? 4. What are the causes &/or contributing factors of cancer? 5. What is a ...
... 1. What is cancer? How are cancer cells different from normal cells? 2. What are the 3 genes involved in cancer? How are they involved? Explain in detail. 3. Why is cancer known as hundreds of diseases, rather than one disease? 4. What are the causes &/or contributing factors of cancer? 5. What is a ...
Gene Regulation
... Some genes are regulated (turned off and on) by repressor proteins While others use proteins that enhance the rate of transcription. Operons are generally not found in Eukaryotes. Gene regulation is controlled individually and have regulatory sequences that are much more complex that those of the la ...
... Some genes are regulated (turned off and on) by repressor proteins While others use proteins that enhance the rate of transcription. Operons are generally not found in Eukaryotes. Gene regulation is controlled individually and have regulatory sequences that are much more complex that those of the la ...
Gene Therapy - MsSunderlandsBiologyClasses
... • Adeno-associated viruses - A class of small, single-stranded DNA viruses that can insert their genetic material at a specific site on chromosome ...
... • Adeno-associated viruses - A class of small, single-stranded DNA viruses that can insert their genetic material at a specific site on chromosome ...
The use of animals in research: Cancer lesson
... • Benign: tumors that cannot spread throughout the body. • Malignant: capable of spreading by invasion (technically, the term cancer applies only to malignant tumors). – Metastasis: when a tumor has spread it is considered to have metastasized. ...
... • Benign: tumors that cannot spread throughout the body. • Malignant: capable of spreading by invasion (technically, the term cancer applies only to malignant tumors). – Metastasis: when a tumor has spread it is considered to have metastasized. ...
Genetics and Intelligence
... • NEW YORK - Scientists at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) have identified a new cellular oncogene essential for the development of cancer….. ...
... • NEW YORK - Scientists at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) have identified a new cellular oncogene essential for the development of cancer….. ...
Chapter 21 The human genome appears to have only about as
... a. Human genes have unusually long introns involved in the regulation of gene expression. b. More than one polypeptide can be produced from a gene by alternative splicing. c. The human genome has a high proportion of noncoding DNA. d. The human genome has a large number of SNPs (single nucleotide po ...
... a. Human genes have unusually long introns involved in the regulation of gene expression. b. More than one polypeptide can be produced from a gene by alternative splicing. c. The human genome has a high proportion of noncoding DNA. d. The human genome has a large number of SNPs (single nucleotide po ...
DNA and Individuality
... • If the T is deleted in the DNA, now is GUAAA • Ribosome will read GUA first which is for Valine ...
... • If the T is deleted in the DNA, now is GUAAA • Ribosome will read GUA first which is for Valine ...
Familial Segregation of Hemangiomas and
... often known as “strawberry marks”) appear to be inherited from one generation to the next. This pattern of inheritance suggests the presence of a dominant gene mutation being passed from parents to children and underlying hemangioma development. Prior to this paper, familial clustering of hemangioma ...
... often known as “strawberry marks”) appear to be inherited from one generation to the next. This pattern of inheritance suggests the presence of a dominant gene mutation being passed from parents to children and underlying hemangioma development. Prior to this paper, familial clustering of hemangioma ...
Neoplasia Etiology genetic Neoplasia is defined as: "an abnormal
... Classes of Oncogenes: Growth Factors: Genes that encode growth factors may become oncogenic. Growth Factor Receptors: most are transmembrane proteins that cause phosphorylation of proteins on the cytoplasmic side when activated. Point mutations in the ret protooncogene (codes for receptor associated ...
... Classes of Oncogenes: Growth Factors: Genes that encode growth factors may become oncogenic. Growth Factor Receptors: most are transmembrane proteins that cause phosphorylation of proteins on the cytoplasmic side when activated. Point mutations in the ret protooncogene (codes for receptor associated ...
Evolution: An Introduction
... – E.g. an individual of a species with 20 000 genes that is heterozygous at only 10% of these loci could produce 220000 different allelic recombination in their gametes ...
... – E.g. an individual of a species with 20 000 genes that is heterozygous at only 10% of these loci could produce 220000 different allelic recombination in their gametes ...
Module 4 PowerPoint Slides - The Cancer 101 Curriculum
... Most disease begin in our genes. If DNA repair fails in a cell, mutations can be passed on to future copies. Gene mutations can have a latent effect, or even a positive effect. The ability to identify a gene mutation is possible through genetic testing. ...
... Most disease begin in our genes. If DNA repair fails in a cell, mutations can be passed on to future copies. Gene mutations can have a latent effect, or even a positive effect. The ability to identify a gene mutation is possible through genetic testing. ...
Xeroderma Pigmentosum(XP)
... • Some help for XP patients may be on the way in the form of skin creams that contain DNA repair enzymes. • The enzyme are contained in liposomes(脂质体) that can apparently penetrate (穿过) the outer layer of the skin and participate in repair pathways ...
... • Some help for XP patients may be on the way in the form of skin creams that contain DNA repair enzymes. • The enzyme are contained in liposomes(脂质体) that can apparently penetrate (穿过) the outer layer of the skin and participate in repair pathways ...
Oncogenomics
Oncogenomics is a relatively new sub-field of genomics that applies high throughput technologies to characterize genes associated with cancer. Oncogenomics is synonymous with ""cancer genomics"". Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of mutations to DNA leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation. The goal of oncogenomics is to identify new oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes that may provide new insights into cancer diagnosis, predicting clinical outcome of cancers, and new targets for cancer therapies. The success of targeted cancer therapies such as Gleevec, Herceptin, and Avastin raised the hope for oncogenomics to elucidate new targets for cancer treatment.Besides understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms that initiates or drives cancer progression, one of the main goals of oncogenomics is to allow for the development of personalized cancer treatment. Cancer develops due to an accumulation of mutations in DNA. These mutations accumulate randomly, and thus, different DNA mutations and mutation combinations exist between different individuals with the same type of cancer. Thus, identifying and targeting specific mutations which have occurred in an individual patient may lead to increased efficacy of cancer therapy.The completion of the Human Genome Project has greatly facilitated the field of oncogenomics and has increased the abilities of researchers to find cancer causing genes. In addition, the sequencing technologies now available for sequence generation and data analysis have been applied to the study of oncogenomics. With the amount of research conducted on cancer genomes and the accumulation of databases documenting the mutational changes, it has been predicted that the most important cancer-causing mutations, rearrangements, and altered expression levels will be cataloged and well characterized within the next decade.Cancer research may look either on the genomic level at DNA mutations, the epigenetic level at methylation or histone modification changes, the transcription level at altered levels of gene expression, or the protein level at altered levels of protein abundance and function in cancer cells. Oncogenomics focuses on the genomic, epigenomic, and transcript level alterations in cancer.