BIOL 221-GENETICS
... A. Tools used in genetic engineering 1. restriction endonucleases 2. vectors and hosts B. Obtaining products of cloned genes 1. gene isolation 2. expression of cloned genes C. Research use of cloned genes 1. cloned genes as probes 2. DNA sequencing D. Practical applications of biotechnology 1. pharm ...
... A. Tools used in genetic engineering 1. restriction endonucleases 2. vectors and hosts B. Obtaining products of cloned genes 1. gene isolation 2. expression of cloned genes C. Research use of cloned genes 1. cloned genes as probes 2. DNA sequencing D. Practical applications of biotechnology 1. pharm ...
GENETICS I. Review of DNA/RNA – A. Basic Structure – DNA 3
... c) Metaphase II d) Anaphase I e) Anaphase II 2. One cell that undergoes meiosis will yield how many independent cells? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 3. In which generation of a monohybrid cross do all the individuals look the same? a) Parental (P) b) F1 c) F2 d) F3 4. In a monohybrid cross, the two paren ...
... c) Metaphase II d) Anaphase I e) Anaphase II 2. One cell that undergoes meiosis will yield how many independent cells? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 3. In which generation of a monohybrid cross do all the individuals look the same? a) Parental (P) b) F1 c) F2 d) F3 4. In a monohybrid cross, the two paren ...
PowerPoint Slides
... Mutations occurring in at least 9 patients have a frequency ~0.0012 (9/8400 genes without ACMG mutations) ...
... Mutations occurring in at least 9 patients have a frequency ~0.0012 (9/8400 genes without ACMG mutations) ...
Leaving Certificate Biology Photosynthesis Quiz
... What is the name of the fivecarbon monosaccharide sugar found in the nucleotides of DNA? Deoxyribose ...
... What is the name of the fivecarbon monosaccharide sugar found in the nucleotides of DNA? Deoxyribose ...
Mutations
... Substitution: one nucleotide is replaced with a different nucleotide resulting in a new codon If the new codon codes for same amino acid – no effect is show. (Silent Mutation) If the new codon codes for a different amino acid or stop codon. (causing mis-sense or non-sense mutations) ...
... Substitution: one nucleotide is replaced with a different nucleotide resulting in a new codon If the new codon codes for same amino acid – no effect is show. (Silent Mutation) If the new codon codes for a different amino acid or stop codon. (causing mis-sense or non-sense mutations) ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Ch. 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene
... • What is the strand in the middle? • RNA • Is this transcription or translation? • Transcription ...
... • What is the strand in the middle? • RNA • Is this transcription or translation? • Transcription ...
4.7.08 105 lecture
... transcription unit - the part of a gene that gets copied (transcribed) by RNA polymerase promoter – the genetic information in the DNA that tells where, when, and how much the gene should be expressed. ------------------------------coding region – For genes that make (encode) proteins, the codi ...
... transcription unit - the part of a gene that gets copied (transcribed) by RNA polymerase promoter – the genetic information in the DNA that tells where, when, and how much the gene should be expressed. ------------------------------coding region – For genes that make (encode) proteins, the codi ...
Unit 7.3: Mutation
... Even though the rest of the sequence is unchanged, this insertion changes the reading frame and thus all of the codons that follow it. As this example shows, a frameshift mutation can dramatically change how the codons in mRNA are read. This can have a drastic effect on the protein product. Effects ...
... Even though the rest of the sequence is unchanged, this insertion changes the reading frame and thus all of the codons that follow it. As this example shows, a frameshift mutation can dramatically change how the codons in mRNA are read. This can have a drastic effect on the protein product. Effects ...
DNA and RNA Part 2 Protein Synthesis
... 2. As the DNA molecule unzips, RNA polymerase assembles RNA nucleotides using one strand of the DNA as a template. 3. Only the 3’ 5’ template strand of DNA is transcribed. The RNA complimentary strand grows in the 5’ 3’ direction. ...
... 2. As the DNA molecule unzips, RNA polymerase assembles RNA nucleotides using one strand of the DNA as a template. 3. Only the 3’ 5’ template strand of DNA is transcribed. The RNA complimentary strand grows in the 5’ 3’ direction. ...
Slide 1 - Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis
... DNA that develop throughout a person's life. In contrast to hereditary mutations, somatic mutations arise in the DNA of individual cells; the genetic errors are passed only to direct descendants of those cells. Mutations are often the result of errors that crop up during cell division, when the cell ...
... DNA that develop throughout a person's life. In contrast to hereditary mutations, somatic mutations arise in the DNA of individual cells; the genetic errors are passed only to direct descendants of those cells. Mutations are often the result of errors that crop up during cell division, when the cell ...
Chapter 13 Notes
... When one part of a nonhomologous chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. ...
... When one part of a nonhomologous chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. ...
fance - Baylor College of Medicine
... which is essential for protection against chromosome breakage. FANCE is required for the nuclear accumulation of FANCC and provides a critical bridge between the FA complex and FANCD2. Human FANCE gene contains 10 exons maped within chromosome 6p21.31. Mutations in the FANCE gene can cause Fanconi a ...
... which is essential for protection against chromosome breakage. FANCE is required for the nuclear accumulation of FANCC and provides a critical bridge between the FA complex and FANCD2. Human FANCE gene contains 10 exons maped within chromosome 6p21.31. Mutations in the FANCE gene can cause Fanconi a ...
Gene Regulation
... Nonsense mutation – substitution of a base codes for a stop Silent mutation – substitution of a base codes for same a.a. Frameshift mutations – occur when a nucleotide is either inserted or deleted, altering the “trios” of nitrogen bases (More severe than point mutations because it affects all of th ...
... Nonsense mutation – substitution of a base codes for a stop Silent mutation – substitution of a base codes for same a.a. Frameshift mutations – occur when a nucleotide is either inserted or deleted, altering the “trios” of nitrogen bases (More severe than point mutations because it affects all of th ...
Slide 1
... steps needed to prepare the patient’s sample and the cytogenetic CGH chip analysis. There is much confusion within the industry regarding how to assign CPT codes to CGH procedures. ...
... steps needed to prepare the patient’s sample and the cytogenetic CGH chip analysis. There is much confusion within the industry regarding how to assign CPT codes to CGH procedures. ...
Protein Synthesis (Transcription and Translation)
... amino acids that make up a single protein. • The ribosomes required to make proteins cannot read DNA. • Therefore, for DNA to code for proteins, an RNA molecule must be made. • Ribosomes can read ...
... amino acids that make up a single protein. • The ribosomes required to make proteins cannot read DNA. • Therefore, for DNA to code for proteins, an RNA molecule must be made. • Ribosomes can read ...
Sickle Cell Part_Natural Selection
... survive a potentially deadly illness. The affected individual can then pass his/her genes to the next generation more efficiently than other people because they are more likely to reach reproductive age. This increases the chance that the modified gene will survive into the first generation (that of ...
... survive a potentially deadly illness. The affected individual can then pass his/her genes to the next generation more efficiently than other people because they are more likely to reach reproductive age. This increases the chance that the modified gene will survive into the first generation (that of ...
Examples of genetic disorders
... Recessive mental retardation (frequency 1/ 2 000), deafness, blindness (frequency 1/ 10 000) heterogeneity of deafness: deaf parents can have offspring with normal hearing (Dominant deafness, blindness - frequency 1/ 10 000) Cystic fibrosis (CF) (frequency 1/ 2 500) the most frequent lethal AR disea ...
... Recessive mental retardation (frequency 1/ 2 000), deafness, blindness (frequency 1/ 10 000) heterogeneity of deafness: deaf parents can have offspring with normal hearing (Dominant deafness, blindness - frequency 1/ 10 000) Cystic fibrosis (CF) (frequency 1/ 2 500) the most frequent lethal AR disea ...
Slide 1
... • Mutations can change the height of a plant or change it from smooth to rough seeds. • Biochemical mutations result in lesions stopping the enzymatic pathway • Often, morphological mutants are the direct result of a mutation due to the enzymatic ...
... • Mutations can change the height of a plant or change it from smooth to rough seeds. • Biochemical mutations result in lesions stopping the enzymatic pathway • Often, morphological mutants are the direct result of a mutation due to the enzymatic ...
Final Exam Review Study the following terms and concepts to
... Incomplete dominanceCo dominanceBlood Types crossesSex-linked TraitsWhy do more males get these (example colorblindness) than females? ...
... Incomplete dominanceCo dominanceBlood Types crossesSex-linked TraitsWhy do more males get these (example colorblindness) than females? ...
11.4.14 KEY - Iowa State University
... 5. LacI+ is (dominant/recessive) to LacI-. This is because LacI acts (cis/trans). 6. Explain why mutations in the lacO gene are cis in their effects. 7. Describe the three different types of mutations that are possible in structural genes. 1. gene product is present and inactive due to mutation, su ...
... 5. LacI+ is (dominant/recessive) to LacI-. This is because LacI acts (cis/trans). 6. Explain why mutations in the lacO gene are cis in their effects. 7. Describe the three different types of mutations that are possible in structural genes. 1. gene product is present and inactive due to mutation, su ...
cookie-aseSHO
... Real proteins typically have 50-2000 amino acids, and even a short polypeptide has more amino acids than our hypothetical protein. ...
... Real proteins typically have 50-2000 amino acids, and even a short polypeptide has more amino acids than our hypothetical protein. ...
Chapter 8
... Transcription produces various types of RNA from a DNA template. Translation produces protein using mRNA as a template. ...
... Transcription produces various types of RNA from a DNA template. Translation produces protein using mRNA as a template. ...
Document
... DNA is one of the most boring macromolecules imaginable its made of only four building blocks and has a perfectly ...
... DNA is one of the most boring macromolecules imaginable its made of only four building blocks and has a perfectly ...
Cell Theory Quiz Study Guide Name
... 2. Walter _____________ discovered that chromosomes contain genes. 3. Fertilization occurs when the two reproductive cells combine and the fertilized egg is called a zygote. 4. Offspring is another name for the child of a parent. 5. _________________________cells have pairs of chromosomes and are re ...
... 2. Walter _____________ discovered that chromosomes contain genes. 3. Fertilization occurs when the two reproductive cells combine and the fertilized egg is called a zygote. 4. Offspring is another name for the child of a parent. 5. _________________________cells have pairs of chromosomes and are re ...
Frameshift mutation
A frameshift mutation (also called a framing error or a reading frame shift) is a genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three. Due to the triplet nature of gene expression by codons, the insertion or deletion can change the reading frame (the grouping of the codons), resulting in a completely different translation from the original. The earlier in the sequence the deletion or insertion occurs, the more altered the protein. A frameshift mutation is not the same as a single-nucleotide polymorphism in which a nucleotide is replaced, rather than inserted or deleted. A frameshift mutation will in general cause the reading of the codons after the mutation to code for different amino acids. The frameshift mutation will also alter the first stop codon (""UAA"", ""UGA"" or ""UAG"") encountered in the sequence. The polypeptide being created could be abnormally short or abnormally long, and will most likely not be functional.Frameshift mutations are apparent in severe genetic diseases such as Tay-Sachs disease and Cystic Fibrosis; they increase susceptibility to certain cancers and classes of familial hypercholesterolaemia; in 1997, a frameshift mutation was linked to resistance to infection by the HIV retrovirus. Frameshift mutations have been proposed as a source of biological novelty, as with the alleged creation of nylonase, however, this interpretation is controversial. A study by Negoro et al (2006) found that a frameshift mutation was unlikely to have been the cause and that rather a two amino acid substitution in the catalytic cleft of an ancestral esterase amplified Ald-hydrolytic activity.