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... TA-5´ (b) 4 (c) ClaI: cannot be determined; TaqI: yes 5. A new restriction enzyme is discovered that recognizes an 8-base restriction sequence. About how many fragments of the Wombat genome (approximately 4.2 × 108 in size) would you expect if you digested it with this enzyme? Answer: An 8-base reco ...
Ch.16 17 Study Guide
Ch.16 17 Study Guide

... 15. Explain the general process of transcription, including the three major steps of initiation, elongation, and termination. 16. Explain how RNA is modified after transcription in eukaryotic cells. 17. Define and explain the role of ribozymes. What three properties allow some RNA molecules to funct ...
pGLO
pGLO

... charge of DNA phosphates & helps neutralize cell membrane so plasmid can get in 2. Incubate on ice -Slows movement of cell membrane so Ca++ can bind & plasmid can slip into bacterial cell ...
Hair: Curly or Straight?
Hair: Curly or Straight?

... By: Maya Hegde (Grade: 8, Age: 13) The grass on the other side always looks greener. Girls often care about their appearances, especially their hair. All of those girls who have curly hair desire for their hair to be straight, and vice versa. You may wonder what components make you who you are, and ...
Upwelling, Downwelling, and El Nino
Upwelling, Downwelling, and El Nino

... Primer is a short RNA segment that is complementary to DNA segment & that is necessary to begin DNA replication Primers are polymerized by an enzyme called primase Portion of parental DNA serves as template for primer w a base sequence that is about 10 nucleotides long in eukaryotes Primer formation ...
Bacterial Transformation - Baldwinsville Central School
Bacterial Transformation - Baldwinsville Central School

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Chapter 6
Chapter 6

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Mutations - Miss Garry`s Biology Class Website!
Mutations - Miss Garry`s Biology Class Website!

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Lab Review - Warren County Schools

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CHAPTER 8 Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology

... 4. PCR is another approach to DNA molecular testing. It requires sequence information so that specific primers can be designed. An example is allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) hybridization used to detect mutations in GLC1A, a gene involved in maintaining normal eye pressure. a. Abnormal pressur ...
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Python Practice

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Nucleic acid crystallography: current progress
Nucleic acid crystallography: current progress

... (such repetitive regions are encountered throughout the genomes of all vertebrates), whereby two quadruplexes associate into an octaplex under formation of four central G-tetrad layers. An unusual form of self-association is also seen in the structure of d(GCATGCT). Two strands fold into a complemen ...
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... amino acid chains •tRNA’s are short, single stranded RNA molecules 74-95 nucleotides long •tRNA’s are ‘charged’ with one and only one of the twenty essential amino acids by a class of enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. •each aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalzyes the covalent bonding of one sp ...
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Concepts of Genetics

... infection. Because DNA contains phosphorus (P) but not sulfur, 32P effectively labels DNA; because proteins contain sulfur (S) but not phosphorus, 35S labels protein. This is a key feature of the experiment. If E. coli cells are first grown in the presence of 32P or 35S and then infected with T2 vir ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 14 Notes
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 14 Notes

... SNPs occur about once every 300-1000 base pairs in the genome, and the frequency of a particular polymorphism tends to remain stable in the population. Because only about 3 to 5 percent of a person's DNA sequence codes for the production of proteins, most SNPs are found outside of ...
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Screening of SSR marker for sugar and sugar related traits

... One of the main drawbacks of microsatellites is that high development costs are involved if adequate primer sequences for the species of interest are unavailable, making them difficult to apply to unstudied groups. Although microsatellites are in principle codominant markers, mutations in the primer ...
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Mutations - stephen fleenor

... Warm-Up (1/19) On the piece of white paper from the back, answer the following question. ...
microarray activity - Blue Valley Schools
microarray activity - Blue Valley Schools

... technology is based on the basic chemistry of DNA. Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. This base complementarity is what allows DNA from cells to bind specifically to known DNA sequences (probes) on a chip. Since a cell expresses hundreds or even thousands of genes at any giv ...
The Central Dogma - rosedalegrade12biology
The Central Dogma - rosedalegrade12biology

... By the 1930’s other scientists had worked out that __________________________ to make __________________. They knew that proteins made up the structures of living organisms and were folded into many complex shapes. For a while proteins were though be the inherited “factors”. By the 1930’s scientists ...
Evolution review!
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... cells, which produce DNA B. Proteins are made up of DNA, which determines the cells that are produced C. DNA is made up of proteins, which tell a cell how to ...
Big Idea 3: Chapter Questions
Big Idea 3: Chapter Questions

... prokaryotes, experiments were carried out to support the idea that this is also true in eukaryotes. One such experiment involved taking the DNA from a brown duck and injecting it into a white duck. The investigators claimed that the white duck turned brown. Explain why these results are unlikely. De ...
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... Imprecise and random events that occur when the DNA breaks and rejoins allows new nucleotides to be inserted or lost from the sequence at and around the coding joint. ...
Biology 30 Review Assignment Part 2
Biology 30 Review Assignment Part 2

... According to the information on whiptail lizards, the somatic cells of offspring produced from the whiptail lizard’s unfertilized eggs would have a chromosome number of A. n B. 2n C. ...
Topologically Non-linked Circular Duplex DNA
Topologically Non-linked Circular Duplex DNA

... The discovery of circular DNA, over 30 years ago, introduced an element of uneasiness in what had been, up to that point, the almost picture-perfect story of the elucidation of the molecular biology of heredity. If DNA indeed has the Watson–Crick right-handed helical secondary structure, then in cir ...
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Nucleic acid double helix



In molecular biology, the term double helix refers to the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA. The double helical structure of a nucleic acid complex arises as a consequence of its secondary structure, and is a fundamental component in determining its tertiary structure. The term entered popular culture with the publication in 1968 of The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA, by James Watson.The DNA double helix polymer of nucleic acids, held together by nucleotides which base pair together. In B-DNA, the most common double helical structure, the double helix is right-handed with about 10–10.5 base pairs per turn. This translates into about 20-21 nucleotides per turn. The double helix structure of DNA contains a major groove and minor groove. In B-DNA the major groove is wider than the minor groove. Given the difference in widths of the major groove and minor groove, many proteins which bind to B-DNA do so through the wider major groove.
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