Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... contribution of brain regions that exist in humans but may be absent in other species. These issues are therefore particularly pertinent when investigating complex cognitive processes and neuropsychiatric pathology, which cannot be modelled in animals. Rather, we must develop ways to indirectly meas ...
... contribution of brain regions that exist in humans but may be absent in other species. These issues are therefore particularly pertinent when investigating complex cognitive processes and neuropsychiatric pathology, which cannot be modelled in animals. Rather, we must develop ways to indirectly meas ...
The impact of continuity editing in narrative film on event segmentation
... An alternative reason that cuts are not perceptually salient stems from the nature of continuity editing. The purpose of continuity editing is to tell a story by creating a spatially and temporally coherent sequence of events and actions (Bordwell, 1985; Bordwell & Thompson, 2006) with the end resul ...
... An alternative reason that cuts are not perceptually salient stems from the nature of continuity editing. The purpose of continuity editing is to tell a story by creating a spatially and temporally coherent sequence of events and actions (Bordwell, 1985; Bordwell & Thompson, 2006) with the end resul ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... 8. If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for damage to the ___________ area of the brain. a) hippocampus b) hypothalamus c) fornix d) amygdala ...
... 8. If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for damage to the ___________ area of the brain. a) hippocampus b) hypothalamus c) fornix d) amygdala ...
Rewardcircuit - URMC - University of Rochester
... The demonstration by Olds and Milner that rats would work for electrical stimulation in specific brain sites led to the idea that there is an anatomically identifiable reward circuit (Olds and Milner, 1954). Support for the existence of such a circuit came with pharmacological manipulation of those ...
... The demonstration by Olds and Milner that rats would work for electrical stimulation in specific brain sites led to the idea that there is an anatomically identifiable reward circuit (Olds and Milner, 1954). Support for the existence of such a circuit came with pharmacological manipulation of those ...
Lights, Camembert, Action! - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... by the UCS itself.34–36 Consequently stimulus substitution may not be the only mechanism by which a CS acquires predictive value. Indeed it would be extremely useful for the animal to have a predictive mechanism that signals an impending behaviorally significant event without eliciting a representat ...
... by the UCS itself.34–36 Consequently stimulus substitution may not be the only mechanism by which a CS acquires predictive value. Indeed it would be extremely useful for the animal to have a predictive mechanism that signals an impending behaviorally significant event without eliciting a representat ...
The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement
... cingulate cortex. On the other hand, other researchers have argued that the mesencephalic dopamine system conveys reinforcement learning signals to the basal ganglia and frontal cortex, where they are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning ...
... cingulate cortex. On the other hand, other researchers have argued that the mesencephalic dopamine system conveys reinforcement learning signals to the basal ganglia and frontal cortex, where they are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. P value less than 0.05 calculated from Student’s t-test was considered statistically significant. ...
... were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. P value less than 0.05 calculated from Student’s t-test was considered statistically significant. ...
Different representations of pleasant and unpleasant odours in the
... regions of the left and more lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Moreover, a double dissociation was found with the intensity ratings of the odours, which were not correlated with the BOLD signal in the orbitofrontal cortex, but were correlated with the signal in medial olfactory cortical areas including ...
... regions of the left and more lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Moreover, a double dissociation was found with the intensity ratings of the odours, which were not correlated with the BOLD signal in the orbitofrontal cortex, but were correlated with the signal in medial olfactory cortical areas including ...
Behavioral consequences of abnormal cortical development
... long-lasting influences on the behavior of the animal. What happens when an injury interferes with the normal developmental program of the cerebral cortex? In humans, alterations in cortical morphology that result from abnormal cortical development are associated with developmental disabilities rang ...
... long-lasting influences on the behavior of the animal. What happens when an injury interferes with the normal developmental program of the cerebral cortex? In humans, alterations in cortical morphology that result from abnormal cortical development are associated with developmental disabilities rang ...
4 Aromatic Amino Acids in the Brain - Wurtman Lab
... Abstract: This chapter describes the aromatic L‐amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine and the effects on tyrosine metabolism of phenylalanine. Tryptophan and phenylalanine are essential amino acids and must ultimately be derived from dietary proteins; tyrosine is obtained both from dietary proteins an ...
... Abstract: This chapter describes the aromatic L‐amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine and the effects on tyrosine metabolism of phenylalanine. Tryptophan and phenylalanine are essential amino acids and must ultimately be derived from dietary proteins; tyrosine is obtained both from dietary proteins an ...
Measurement of Corpus Callosum in Sudanese Population Using MRI
... subcortical regions of the right and left hemispheres and plays an essential role in the integration of information between the two hemispheres (Gupta ,et al 2008).Position and size of the corpus callosum is well appreciated in median sections. The anterior end is called “the genu", the median regio ...
... subcortical regions of the right and left hemispheres and plays an essential role in the integration of information between the two hemispheres (Gupta ,et al 2008).Position and size of the corpus callosum is well appreciated in median sections. The anterior end is called “the genu", the median regio ...
Cell type-specific activation of p38 MAPK in the brain regions of
... The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of p38 MAPK were analyzed by Western blot as reported previously (Long et al., 2006; Niu et al., 2005). Briefly, 50 mg of protein from the whole tissue homogenate of each sample was loaded in 10% SDS–PAGE gel. Then, the proteins were transferred onto ...
... The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of p38 MAPK were analyzed by Western blot as reported previously (Long et al., 2006; Niu et al., 2005). Briefly, 50 mg of protein from the whole tissue homogenate of each sample was loaded in 10% SDS–PAGE gel. Then, the proteins were transferred onto ...
Resting-State Connectivity Predictors of Response to
... monitoring of emotional salience (Ressler and Mayberg, 2007; Seminowicz et al, 2004); (2) the subcortical brain regions that process affective stimuli (Kumar et al, 2008; Pizzagalli et al, 2009) and that modulate emotional memory formation and retrieval (Dillon et al, 2013); and (3) the coordinated ...
... monitoring of emotional salience (Ressler and Mayberg, 2007; Seminowicz et al, 2004); (2) the subcortical brain regions that process affective stimuli (Kumar et al, 2008; Pizzagalli et al, 2009) and that modulate emotional memory formation and retrieval (Dillon et al, 2013); and (3) the coordinated ...
an integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function
... analog of this task (Dias et al 1996b, 1997) and in others when they must switch between different rules (Rossi et al 1999). The Stroop task and WCST are variously described as tapping the cognitive functions of either selective attention, behavioral inhibition, working memory, or rule-based or goal ...
... analog of this task (Dias et al 1996b, 1997) and in others when they must switch between different rules (Rossi et al 1999). The Stroop task and WCST are variously described as tapping the cognitive functions of either selective attention, behavioral inhibition, working memory, or rule-based or goal ...
Serotonergic Integration of Circadian Clock and Ultradian Sleep
... scored automatically using computer software (SleepSign, Kissei Comtec). The criteria for sleep scoring (4-s epoch, 256-Hz sampling) were based on the amplitude and frequency of the EEG/ EMG recordings. The sleep criteria were set using baseline data (before drug application) from individual mice an ...
... scored automatically using computer software (SleepSign, Kissei Comtec). The criteria for sleep scoring (4-s epoch, 256-Hz sampling) were based on the amplitude and frequency of the EEG/ EMG recordings. The sleep criteria were set using baseline data (before drug application) from individual mice an ...
GABAergic Influence on Taste Information in the Central Gustatory
... discrimination capabalities; the research by Smith and Li further suggests that many cells may normally be under GABAergic inhibition because after GABA inhibition was removed, cells responded more equally to the top two best stimuli, but when GABA was present their response was sharpened to be hig ...
... discrimination capabalities; the research by Smith and Li further suggests that many cells may normally be under GABAergic inhibition because after GABA inhibition was removed, cells responded more equally to the top two best stimuli, but when GABA was present their response was sharpened to be hig ...
Topographic Maps in Human Frontal Cortex Revealed in Memory
... directions and memorized locations predominantly in the contralateral hemifield with neighboring saccade directions and memorized locations represented in adjacent locations of the map. Particular saccade directions or memorized locations were often represented in multiple locations of the map. The ...
... directions and memorized locations predominantly in the contralateral hemifield with neighboring saccade directions and memorized locations represented in adjacent locations of the map. Particular saccade directions or memorized locations were often represented in multiple locations of the map. The ...
A Subjective Distance Between Stimuli: Quantifying the Metric
... a scalar product associated with them, the only one that fulfills condition 4 is the Euclidean distance—apart from a scale factor, fixing the units. What should be the meaning of the maximum subjective distance? The maximum distance should be reserved to those pairs of objects that the subject disti ...
... a scalar product associated with them, the only one that fulfills condition 4 is the Euclidean distance—apart from a scale factor, fixing the units. What should be the meaning of the maximum subjective distance? The maximum distance should be reserved to those pairs of objects that the subject disti ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint Slided PDF - CM
... 2. Action potential is sent to another area of gray matter by projection fibers 3. Second (new) action potential is generated by gray matter; spreads to neighboring gray matter by association fibers 4. Lastly, a third action potential is generated; can be sent to other cerebral hemisphere by commiss ...
... 2. Action potential is sent to another area of gray matter by projection fibers 3. Second (new) action potential is generated by gray matter; spreads to neighboring gray matter by association fibers 4. Lastly, a third action potential is generated; can be sent to other cerebral hemisphere by commiss ...
Connection Patterns Distinguish 3 Regions of Human Parietal Cortex
... and others 1997), and on the basis of lesion and neuroimaging data, it has been argued that a similar functional region can be identified in the anterior lateral bank of the human IPS (Binkofski and others 1998; Binkofski, Buccino, Posse, and others 1999; Grefkes and others 2002; Shikata and others 2 ...
... and others 1997), and on the basis of lesion and neuroimaging data, it has been argued that a similar functional region can be identified in the anterior lateral bank of the human IPS (Binkofski and others 1998; Binkofski, Buccino, Posse, and others 1999; Grefkes and others 2002; Shikata and others 2 ...
Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic
... membrane. Excitatory impulses reaching the cell release transmitter substances that can reduce, or depolal~ze, this potential. If this depolarization reaches the cell's activation threshold, polarity is briefly reversed and the cell discharges, propagating the signal along its axon. Other transmitte ...
... membrane. Excitatory impulses reaching the cell release transmitter substances that can reduce, or depolal~ze, this potential. If this depolarization reaches the cell's activation threshold, polarity is briefly reversed and the cell discharges, propagating the signal along its axon. Other transmitte ...
Newborn infants` auditory system is sensitive to Western music
... inverted major and dissonant chord interval structures are neurally encoded by the infants as they are by non-musician adults (Virtala et al., 2011) and musically trained children (Virtala et al., 2012). Sensitivity to chords at birth would indicate a readiness to discriminate between Western music ...
... inverted major and dissonant chord interval structures are neurally encoded by the infants as they are by non-musician adults (Virtala et al., 2011) and musically trained children (Virtala et al., 2012). Sensitivity to chords at birth would indicate a readiness to discriminate between Western music ...
Cardiovascular depressor responses to stimulation of substantia
... neuronal tissue. In addition, in two animals the cardiovascular-responsive region of the SN and VTA was explored for cardiovascular responses elicited by the microinjection of the vehicle only. This was done to eliminate the possibility that the observed cardiovascular effects during Glu injection w ...
... neuronal tissue. In addition, in two animals the cardiovascular-responsive region of the SN and VTA was explored for cardiovascular responses elicited by the microinjection of the vehicle only. This was done to eliminate the possibility that the observed cardiovascular effects during Glu injection w ...
An Integrative Theory on Prefrontal Cortex Function
... analog of this task (Dias et al 1996b, 1997) and in others when they must switch between different rules (Rossi et al 1999). The Stroop task and WCST are variously described as tapping the cognitive functions of either selective attention, behavioral inhibition, working memory, or rule-based or goal ...
... analog of this task (Dias et al 1996b, 1997) and in others when they must switch between different rules (Rossi et al 1999). The Stroop task and WCST are variously described as tapping the cognitive functions of either selective attention, behavioral inhibition, working memory, or rule-based or goal ...
Neurolinguistics
Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language. As an interdisciplinary field, neurolinguistics draws methodology and theory from fields such as neuroscience, linguistics, cognitive science, neurobiology, communication disorders, neuropsychology, and computer science. Researchers are drawn to the field from a variety of backgrounds, bringing along a variety of experimental techniques as well as widely varying theoretical perspectives. Much work in neurolinguistics is informed by models in psycholinguistics and theoretical linguistics, and is focused on investigating how the brain can implement the processes that theoretical and psycholinguistics propose are necessary in producing and comprehending language. Neurolinguists study the physiological mechanisms by which the brain processes information related to language, and evaluate linguistic and psycholinguistic theories, using aphasiology, brain imaging, electrophysiology, and computer modeling.