Neural Coding of Distinct Statistical Properties of
... computation and provide important new insights into human reward information processing. Another critical question is whether post-synaptic targets of midbrain neurons respond differentially to the phasic error prediction signal and the sustained reward uncertainty signal. If activity patterns in th ...
... computation and provide important new insights into human reward information processing. Another critical question is whether post-synaptic targets of midbrain neurons respond differentially to the phasic error prediction signal and the sustained reward uncertainty signal. If activity patterns in th ...
Signal processing methods in Sleep Research
... Slow wave sleep predominates in the first third of the night and is linked to the initiation of sleep. REM sleep predominates in the last 3rd of the night. Wakefulness in sleep usually accounts for less than 5% of the night. N1 generally constitutes 2 to 5% of sleep. N2 generally constitutes 45 to 5 ...
... Slow wave sleep predominates in the first third of the night and is linked to the initiation of sleep. REM sleep predominates in the last 3rd of the night. Wakefulness in sleep usually accounts for less than 5% of the night. N1 generally constitutes 2 to 5% of sleep. N2 generally constitutes 45 to 5 ...
FNIRS Measures of Prefrontal Cortex Lateralization During Stuttered
... during everyday conversation and did not significantly change when using fluencyenhancing strategies, which was counter to the hypotheses. The TS group presented with significantly greater leftward PFC HbO in the metronome condition compared to AWS. Prolonged speech and metronome-timed speech seem t ...
... during everyday conversation and did not significantly change when using fluencyenhancing strategies, which was counter to the hypotheses. The TS group presented with significantly greater leftward PFC HbO in the metronome condition compared to AWS. Prolonged speech and metronome-timed speech seem t ...
frontal functions, connectivity and neural efficiency underpinning
... flexibility. Though the focus will be largely on the alteration of connections with the anterior brain and its corresponding alterations of function, interhemispheric, posterior and subcortical connectivity is also considered. The practical implications for the interaction between the hypnotherapist ...
... flexibility. Though the focus will be largely on the alteration of connections with the anterior brain and its corresponding alterations of function, interhemispheric, posterior and subcortical connectivity is also considered. The practical implications for the interaction between the hypnotherapist ...
glial versus neuronal uptake of glutamate
... Inactivation of amino acid neurotransmitters is generally held to be via high-affinity uptake into pre-synaptic neurones and glia, a model well established for monoaminergic systems. GABA, for instance, is taken up at high affinity by glia and GABAergic neurones, and the two uptake systems have been ...
... Inactivation of amino acid neurotransmitters is generally held to be via high-affinity uptake into pre-synaptic neurones and glia, a model well established for monoaminergic systems. GABA, for instance, is taken up at high affinity by glia and GABAergic neurones, and the two uptake systems have been ...
A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia
... setting the stage for the development of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Or there may be additional factors, such as stress or neurotoxicity, that occur during adolescence or early adulthood and are necessary for the development of schizophrenia, and may be associated with neurodegenerative changes. ...
... setting the stage for the development of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Or there may be additional factors, such as stress or neurotoxicity, that occur during adolescence or early adulthood and are necessary for the development of schizophrenia, and may be associated with neurodegenerative changes. ...
Effects of Fructose vs Glucose on Regional
... food intake via differential effects on hypothalamic malonyl coenzyme A–signaling pathways.12 How brain regions associated with fructose- and glucosemediated changes in animal feeding behaviors translates to humans is not completely understood. New technologies are available to facilitate translatio ...
... food intake via differential effects on hypothalamic malonyl coenzyme A–signaling pathways.12 How brain regions associated with fructose- and glucosemediated changes in animal feeding behaviors translates to humans is not completely understood. New technologies are available to facilitate translatio ...
Subregions of the human superior frontal gyrus and their connections
... (rsFC) can reveal functional correlation between every two regions by evaluating the temporal coherence of the low frequency blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals. The combination of these methods will simultaneously show both the anatomical and functional connection patterns of a brain area, ...
... (rsFC) can reveal functional correlation between every two regions by evaluating the temporal coherence of the low frequency blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals. The combination of these methods will simultaneously show both the anatomical and functional connection patterns of a brain area, ...
Stereoscopic Processing of Absolute and Relative Disparity in
... stimuli under two conditions, one in which the attribute of interest remains constant, thus causing adaptation in neurons sensitive to this attribute, and one in which the attribute is varied so as to avoid adaptation. Any reduction in the fMRI signal should be a consequence of the reduction in resp ...
... stimuli under two conditions, one in which the attribute of interest remains constant, thus causing adaptation in neurons sensitive to this attribute, and one in which the attribute is varied so as to avoid adaptation. Any reduction in the fMRI signal should be a consequence of the reduction in resp ...
Hikosaka O - lsr
... Recent studies have revealed that dopamine neurons may receive these reward-related signals from the LHb. A functional MRI (fMRI) study in which human subjects performed a motion-prediction task13 showed that the habenula (in addition to the anterior cingulate cortex and insula) was activated when a ...
... Recent studies have revealed that dopamine neurons may receive these reward-related signals from the LHb. A functional MRI (fMRI) study in which human subjects performed a motion-prediction task13 showed that the habenula (in addition to the anterior cingulate cortex and insula) was activated when a ...
SLEEP
... Asleep – balance changes REM-off cells are aminergic – serotonin (raphe nuclei) and noradrenaline (LC) REM-on cells are cholinergic – ACh Shift from mainly external input to internal input in dreaming The ‘off-line’ brain is activated by ACh and dopamine – the ‘psychosis’ of dreams ...
... Asleep – balance changes REM-off cells are aminergic – serotonin (raphe nuclei) and noradrenaline (LC) REM-on cells are cholinergic – ACh Shift from mainly external input to internal input in dreaming The ‘off-line’ brain is activated by ACh and dopamine – the ‘psychosis’ of dreams ...
Sample
... Objective: 2.3 Explain how neural impulses work. 18) When the cell membrane of a neuron changes its permeability, allowing more positively charged ions to flow into the cell and other ions to flow out, the neuron has been induced to create a(an) a. transmission potential. b. resting potential. c. sy ...
... Objective: 2.3 Explain how neural impulses work. 18) When the cell membrane of a neuron changes its permeability, allowing more positively charged ions to flow into the cell and other ions to flow out, the neuron has been induced to create a(an) a. transmission potential. b. resting potential. c. sy ...
Are there three subdivisions in the primate subthalamic nucleus? Max C. Keuken
... density in human and nonhuman primates (Foix and Nicolesco, 1925; Kodama, 1928; Whittier and Mettler, 1949; Fussenich, 1967; Kuzemenský, 1976; Rafols and Fox, 1976). For each of these 33 studies, we summarized the data as supporting none, two, three, or four subdivisions in the STN. This classificat ...
... density in human and nonhuman primates (Foix and Nicolesco, 1925; Kodama, 1928; Whittier and Mettler, 1949; Fussenich, 1967; Kuzemenský, 1976; Rafols and Fox, 1976). For each of these 33 studies, we summarized the data as supporting none, two, three, or four subdivisions in the STN. This classificat ...
GABA-Based Evaluation of Neurologic Conditions: MR Spectroscopy
... measure metabolites. These ROIs may include differing types of brain matter inadvertently through partial volume effects; gray matter contains a much greater concentration of GABA than white matter.8 Moreover, regardless of the size of the ROI, MR spectroscopy cannot indicate whether the concentrati ...
... measure metabolites. These ROIs may include differing types of brain matter inadvertently through partial volume effects; gray matter contains a much greater concentration of GABA than white matter.8 Moreover, regardless of the size of the ROI, MR spectroscopy cannot indicate whether the concentrati ...
NIH Public Access
... The lesion method is a unique and powerful means of determining the importance of a particular brain area for a particular function. The lesion method refers to an approach whereby a focal area of brain damage is associated with the development of a defect in some aspect of cognition or behavior, an ...
... The lesion method is a unique and powerful means of determining the importance of a particular brain area for a particular function. The lesion method refers to an approach whereby a focal area of brain damage is associated with the development of a defect in some aspect of cognition or behavior, an ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... subject level. This multiple linear regression modeled the input from all stimuli using a gamma variate hemodynamic response function. Reference waveforms modeled the CS+, CS−, and UCS during the acquisition phase, the CS+ and CS− on test trials, joystick movement, and head motion parameters. The re ...
... subject level. This multiple linear regression modeled the input from all stimuli using a gamma variate hemodynamic response function. Reference waveforms modeled the CS+, CS−, and UCS during the acquisition phase, the CS+ and CS− on test trials, joystick movement, and head motion parameters. The re ...
thyroid hormones in brain development and
... Thyroid hormones are essential for brain developat through specific time windows influencing neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neuronal and glial cell differentiation, myelination, and synaptogenesis. The actions of thyroid hormones are mostly due to interaction of the active hormone T3 with nuclear ...
... Thyroid hormones are essential for brain developat through specific time windows influencing neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neuronal and glial cell differentiation, myelination, and synaptogenesis. The actions of thyroid hormones are mostly due to interaction of the active hormone T3 with nuclear ...
... working on drug dependence. Responsibility is not for those who work directly with patients only; it is also necessary to study the cocaine addiction process in research environments to allow methodological controls to be able to test hypotheses and to put forward theories. Along these lines, the ef ...
Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human
... Correspondence should be addressed to Keith Schneider, Department of Psychology, Green Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544. E-mail: [email protected]. ...
... Correspondence should be addressed to Keith Schneider, Department of Psychology, Green Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544. E-mail: [email protected]. ...
Learned Movements Elicited by Direct Stimulation of Cerebellar
... longer elicited CRs. As predicted, when a forelimb CS was then presented, it, too, was unable to elicit CRs. To avoid any additional effects from conditioning with the forelimb CS, only a small number of test trials could be given. However, the experiment was repeated in the same animal with the sam ...
... longer elicited CRs. As predicted, when a forelimb CS was then presented, it, too, was unable to elicit CRs. To avoid any additional effects from conditioning with the forelimb CS, only a small number of test trials could be given. However, the experiment was repeated in the same animal with the sam ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... identification of the major fissures, and the determination of the lobules and folia follows from this first step. The anatomic location of major fissures can be ascertained in other cerebella by reference to the anatomic features of this atlas, even if there is some variability in their location wi ...
... identification of the major fissures, and the determination of the lobules and folia follows from this first step. The anatomic location of major fissures can be ascertained in other cerebella by reference to the anatomic features of this atlas, even if there is some variability in their location wi ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1) - test bank and solution manual for your
... 34. During action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is ______ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to Incorrect. During resting potential, t ...
... 34. During action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is ______ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to Incorrect. During resting potential, t ...
Neurolinguistics
Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language. As an interdisciplinary field, neurolinguistics draws methodology and theory from fields such as neuroscience, linguistics, cognitive science, neurobiology, communication disorders, neuropsychology, and computer science. Researchers are drawn to the field from a variety of backgrounds, bringing along a variety of experimental techniques as well as widely varying theoretical perspectives. Much work in neurolinguistics is informed by models in psycholinguistics and theoretical linguistics, and is focused on investigating how the brain can implement the processes that theoretical and psycholinguistics propose are necessary in producing and comprehending language. Neurolinguists study the physiological mechanisms by which the brain processes information related to language, and evaluate linguistic and psycholinguistic theories, using aphasiology, brain imaging, electrophysiology, and computer modeling.