Abnormal gray matter aging in chronic pain patients
... (Bergfield et al., 2009; Blinkov and Glezer, 1968; Good et al., 2001; McGinnis et al., 2011; Morrison and Hof, 2007; Sowell et al., 2003), although hypertrophy has also been reported in some brain areas (Fjell et al., 2009; Salat et al., 2004). GM changes in the brain also occur with dysfunction, in ...
... (Bergfield et al., 2009; Blinkov and Glezer, 1968; Good et al., 2001; McGinnis et al., 2011; Morrison and Hof, 2007; Sowell et al., 2003), although hypertrophy has also been reported in some brain areas (Fjell et al., 2009; Salat et al., 2004). GM changes in the brain also occur with dysfunction, in ...
Structural and Functional Organizing Principles of Language
... from other cognitive functions with considerations of UG as a specific language module or a modularized knowledge or element of the FL (Hauser et al. 2002). Modularity, originally an engineering notion of near-decomposability, refers to a system that is made of components whose workings are independ ...
... from other cognitive functions with considerations of UG as a specific language module or a modularized knowledge or element of the FL (Hauser et al. 2002). Modularity, originally an engineering notion of near-decomposability, refers to a system that is made of components whose workings are independ ...
MIrror neuRons based RObot Recognition - LIRA-Lab
... representation corresponds to that internally generated during active action, the observer understands the observed action (see Rizzolatti et al 2001). This action recognition hypothesis was recently tested by studying mirror neuron responses in conditions in which the monkey was able to understand ...
... representation corresponds to that internally generated during active action, the observer understands the observed action (see Rizzolatti et al 2001). This action recognition hypothesis was recently tested by studying mirror neuron responses in conditions in which the monkey was able to understand ...
Working Memory in the Prefrontal Cortex
... planning, and decision-making in humans [13]. Although the prefrontal cortex is thought to participate in important cognitive functions in humans, little is known about the mechanism by which the prefrontal cortex produces these functions. However, studies using nonhuman primates have contributed si ...
... planning, and decision-making in humans [13]. Although the prefrontal cortex is thought to participate in important cognitive functions in humans, little is known about the mechanism by which the prefrontal cortex produces these functions. However, studies using nonhuman primates have contributed si ...
Smell, Taste, Texture, and Temperature
... that in the orbitofrontal cortex taste areas, of 112 single neurons that responded to any of these modalities, many were unimodal (taste 34%, olfactory 13%, visual 21%), but were found in close proximity to each other.29 Some single neurons showed convergence, responding for example to taste and vis ...
... that in the orbitofrontal cortex taste areas, of 112 single neurons that responded to any of these modalities, many were unimodal (taste 34%, olfactory 13%, visual 21%), but were found in close proximity to each other.29 Some single neurons showed convergence, responding for example to taste and vis ...
A Gaussian Approach to Neural Nets with Multiple Memory Domains
... which is completely quiescent at one instant, the activity one synaptic delay later, called a , will be entirely due to the spontaneous firing of the neurons of all subsystems [4]. The resulting random PSPs will be functionally equivalent to fluctuations in the thresholds of the neurons of each sub ...
... which is completely quiescent at one instant, the activity one synaptic delay later, called a , will be entirely due to the spontaneous firing of the neurons of all subsystems [4]. The resulting random PSPs will be functionally equivalent to fluctuations in the thresholds of the neurons of each sub ...
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the
... their emotional states by maintaining the initially generated emotional responses to that stimulus in their original form. In this case, maintaining an emotional state would resemble the passive maintenance of information in simple delayed match-to-sample tasks, which does not necessarily require ad ...
... their emotional states by maintaining the initially generated emotional responses to that stimulus in their original form. In this case, maintaining an emotional state would resemble the passive maintenance of information in simple delayed match-to-sample tasks, which does not necessarily require ad ...
PDF
... of the way they store experience, encompass all future probabilistic transitions and rewards in a single scalar number that denotes the overall future worth of an action (or its attractiveness compared with other actions). For instance, as illustrated in the right ‘thought bubble’, experience may ha ...
... of the way they store experience, encompass all future probabilistic transitions and rewards in a single scalar number that denotes the overall future worth of an action (or its attractiveness compared with other actions). For instance, as illustrated in the right ‘thought bubble’, experience may ha ...
Attention induces synchronization-based response gain in steady
... that is especially effective for increasing the salience of high-contrast stimuli. This would complement the attentional modulations of neuronal spike rates, which may be potentially limited by response saturation at high contrast. Our strategy for investigating the effects of attention on the coher ...
... that is especially effective for increasing the salience of high-contrast stimuli. This would complement the attentional modulations of neuronal spike rates, which may be potentially limited by response saturation at high contrast. Our strategy for investigating the effects of attention on the coher ...
uncorrected proof - Università degli Studi di Parma
... The discovery of mirror neurons has changed our views on the relations among action perception and cognition, and has boosted a renewed interest in the neuroscientific investigation of the social aspects of primate cognition. Experiments by Umiltà et al. (2001) showed that F5 mirror neurons are als ...
... The discovery of mirror neurons has changed our views on the relations among action perception and cognition, and has boosted a renewed interest in the neuroscientific investigation of the social aspects of primate cognition. Experiments by Umiltà et al. (2001) showed that F5 mirror neurons are als ...
General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... rule was illustrated by the connections of the primary visual cortex (V1). Neurons in layer 3 of V1 project to neighboring area V2, where their axons terminate focally in layer 4. Reciprocal and denser pathways emanate from neurons in the deep layers (5 and 6) of V2, and their axons terminate mostly ...
... rule was illustrated by the connections of the primary visual cortex (V1). Neurons in layer 3 of V1 project to neighboring area V2, where their axons terminate focally in layer 4. Reciprocal and denser pathways emanate from neurons in the deep layers (5 and 6) of V2, and their axons terminate mostly ...
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the maintenance of emotional
... their emotional states by maintaining the initially generated emotional responses to that stimulus in their original form. In this case, maintaining an emotional state would resemble the passive maintenance of information in simple delayed match-to-sample tasks, which does not necessarily require ad ...
... their emotional states by maintaining the initially generated emotional responses to that stimulus in their original form. In this case, maintaining an emotional state would resemble the passive maintenance of information in simple delayed match-to-sample tasks, which does not necessarily require ad ...
Building Production Systems with Realistic Spiking Neurons Terrence C. Stewart ()
... This is based on the idea that information is represented by neural groups and the connection weights between neural groups can be seen as transformations of these representations. It has been used to model a variety of neural systems, including the owl audition (Fischer et al., 2007) and rodent nav ...
... This is based on the idea that information is represented by neural groups and the connection weights between neural groups can be seen as transformations of these representations. It has been used to model a variety of neural systems, including the owl audition (Fischer et al., 2007) and rodent nav ...
A Neural Theory of Visual Attention
... of the object (parallel processing with differential allocation of resources). More specifically, the probability that a cortical neuron represents a particular object within its classical receptive field (RF) equals the attentional weight of the object divided by the sum of the attentional weights ...
... of the object (parallel processing with differential allocation of resources). More specifically, the probability that a cortical neuron represents a particular object within its classical receptive field (RF) equals the attentional weight of the object divided by the sum of the attentional weights ...
Chordate evolution and the origin of craniates
... peripheral sensory ganglia, visceral arches, and head skeleton. The craniate sister taxon, cephalochordates, has rostral portions of the neuraxis that are homologous to some of the major divisions of craniate brains. Moreover, recent data indicate that many genes involved in patterning the nervous s ...
... peripheral sensory ganglia, visceral arches, and head skeleton. The craniate sister taxon, cephalochordates, has rostral portions of the neuraxis that are homologous to some of the major divisions of craniate brains. Moreover, recent data indicate that many genes involved in patterning the nervous s ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
... face detection, cards checking etc. This type of face recognition system is used in areas such as air ports for the official people and the staff for direct sending them rather than normal people. For any transactions over the internet, we have to remember PIN numbers and password; it is very diffic ...
... face detection, cards checking etc. This type of face recognition system is used in areas such as air ports for the official people and the staff for direct sending them rather than normal people. For any transactions over the internet, we have to remember PIN numbers and password; it is very diffic ...
Rapid Critical Period Induction by Tonic Inhibition in Visual Cortex
... Materials and Methods Animals. Mice carrying a functional disruption of GAD65 were generated as described previously (Asada et al., 1996). GAD65 KO mice were reared with normal visual experience (12 hr light/dark cycle). In Figures 1–3 monocular deprivations were started within the typical WT critic ...
... Materials and Methods Animals. Mice carrying a functional disruption of GAD65 were generated as described previously (Asada et al., 1996). GAD65 KO mice were reared with normal visual experience (12 hr light/dark cycle). In Figures 1–3 monocular deprivations were started within the typical WT critic ...
The speed of learning instructed stimulus
... letter in the middle of the image along with either a left-pointing or right-pointing arrow, also placed to the left or the right of the letter (Fig. 1B). The letter indicated the stimulus and the arrow the required response, a key press performed using right or left index finger (left or right shif ...
... letter in the middle of the image along with either a left-pointing or right-pointing arrow, also placed to the left or the right of the letter (Fig. 1B). The letter indicated the stimulus and the arrow the required response, a key press performed using right or left index finger (left or right shif ...
Anatomical and physiological bases of consciousness and sleep
... bases of consciousness and sleep wake cycle ...
... bases of consciousness and sleep wake cycle ...
Blunted Brain Energy Consumption Relates to Insula
... The incidence and prevalence of obesity have been escalating worldwide, and obesity has already reached epidemic proportions (1,2). This frightening development, in conjunction with the urgent need to replace more-or-less inefficient treatment strategies, has resulted in the development of new pathop ...
... The incidence and prevalence of obesity have been escalating worldwide, and obesity has already reached epidemic proportions (1,2). This frightening development, in conjunction with the urgent need to replace more-or-less inefficient treatment strategies, has resulted in the development of new pathop ...
Principles of Neural Science - Weizmann Institute of Science
... The region of the retina from which the ganglion cell axons exit, the optic disc, contains no photoreceptors and therefore is insensitive to light—a blind spot in the retina. Since the disc is nasal to the fovea in each eye (Figure 27-1), light coming from a single point in the binocular zone never ...
... The region of the retina from which the ganglion cell axons exit, the optic disc, contains no photoreceptors and therefore is insensitive to light—a blind spot in the retina. Since the disc is nasal to the fovea in each eye (Figure 27-1), light coming from a single point in the binocular zone never ...
... IEGs is the proto-oncogene c-fos. c-Fos protein possibly acts via a third intracellular messenger regulating the transcription of genes of late expression. This protein forms part of a dimeric DNA-binding protein (activator protein 1 or AP1) which binds to specific sites of the multiple gene promote ...
Observational Versus Trial and Error Effects in a - FORTH-ICS
... error learning is very inefficient and potentially dangerous in situations where the cost of failure is high or it is important to learn rapidly. Learning by observation, however, provides the opportunity to rapidly transfer existing knowledge. Imitation and observation also seem to be closely connect ...
... error learning is very inefficient and potentially dangerous in situations where the cost of failure is high or it is important to learn rapidly. Learning by observation, however, provides the opportunity to rapidly transfer existing knowledge. Imitation and observation also seem to be closely connect ...
A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... (Mustela putorius furo), we extracellularly recorded from extrastriate visual cortex in five pigmented and two albino ferrets under general anaesthesia and paralysis. Visual stimulation consisted of large area random dot patterns moving either on a circular path in the frontoparallel plane or expand ...
... (Mustela putorius furo), we extracellularly recorded from extrastriate visual cortex in five pigmented and two albino ferrets under general anaesthesia and paralysis. Visual stimulation consisted of large area random dot patterns moving either on a circular path in the frontoparallel plane or expand ...
Lecture 6 - Wiki Index
... – Local damage to the brain has specific effects – Specific tasks increase the blood flow to specific regions. But cortex looks pretty much the same all over. – Early brain damage makes functions relocate Cortex is made of general purpose stuff that has the ability to turn into special purpose hardw ...
... – Local damage to the brain has specific effects – Specific tasks increase the blood flow to specific regions. But cortex looks pretty much the same all over. – Early brain damage makes functions relocate Cortex is made of general purpose stuff that has the ability to turn into special purpose hardw ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.