Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... A third kind of computation has been seen to operate in various neural systems: divisive normalization. Normalization computes a ratio between the response of an individual neuron and the summed activity of a pool of neurons. Normalization was proposed in the early 1990s to explain non-linear proper ...
... A third kind of computation has been seen to operate in various neural systems: divisive normalization. Normalization computes a ratio between the response of an individual neuron and the summed activity of a pool of neurons. Normalization was proposed in the early 1990s to explain non-linear proper ...
Functional Properties of Parietal Visual Neurons: Mechanisms of
... The directional mechanisms of PVNs were studied by comparing the responses evoked by stimuli moving in opposite directions along a meridian of 100” extent, centered on the point of fixation (full-field stimuli), with those evoked by stimuli that moved along 40”, 20”, and lo” segments of such an axis ...
... The directional mechanisms of PVNs were studied by comparing the responses evoked by stimuli moving in opposite directions along a meridian of 100” extent, centered on the point of fixation (full-field stimuli), with those evoked by stimuli that moved along 40”, 20”, and lo” segments of such an axis ...
disrupted brain thyroid hormone homeostasis
... INTRODUCTION Accumulating evidence suggests that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) result from interplay between environmental and genetic components. Many of the environmental toxicants such as phthalates, alkylphenolic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzodioxins, organochlorine pesti ...
... INTRODUCTION Accumulating evidence suggests that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) result from interplay between environmental and genetic components. Many of the environmental toxicants such as phthalates, alkylphenolic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzodioxins, organochlorine pesti ...
Limitations of Neural Map Topography for Decoding Spatial
... each stimulus. We therefore computed the conditional probability that each cell i had response ri given that stimulus sj was presented, P&ri " sj '. Nc $ Ns histograms were computed (Nc: number of cells, and Ns: number of stimuli) and probability density estimates based on a smoothed fit to the hist ...
... each stimulus. We therefore computed the conditional probability that each cell i had response ri given that stimulus sj was presented, P&ri " sj '. Nc $ Ns histograms were computed (Nc: number of cells, and Ns: number of stimuli) and probability density estimates based on a smoothed fit to the hist ...
Evidence of a Specific Spinal Pathway for the Sense of Warmth in
... the sense of warmth in humans. J Neurophysiol 89: 562–570, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00393.2002. While research on human sensory processing shows that warm input is conveyed from the periphery by specific, unmyelinated primary sensory neurons, its pathways in the central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. ...
... the sense of warmth in humans. J Neurophysiol 89: 562–570, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00393.2002. While research on human sensory processing shows that warm input is conveyed from the periphery by specific, unmyelinated primary sensory neurons, its pathways in the central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. ...
Axons, but not cell bodies, are activated by electrical stimulation in
... Extracellular recordings of single units were obtained with tungsten-in-glass microelectrodes (Merrill and Ainsworth 1972) with 15to 25- m exposed tips and plated with platinum black (impedance less than 0.5 MW at 1000 Hz). The Neurolog recording system was used for amplification and filtering. Filt ...
... Extracellular recordings of single units were obtained with tungsten-in-glass microelectrodes (Merrill and Ainsworth 1972) with 15to 25- m exposed tips and plated with platinum black (impedance less than 0.5 MW at 1000 Hz). The Neurolog recording system was used for amplification and filtering. Filt ...
Lesson plans
... The nervous tissue displays electrical activity. This electrical activity is in the form of a nerve impulse, which is a flow of electrical charges along the cell membrane. This flow is due to movement of ions across the membrane. A nerve cell has an electrical potential or voltage across its cell me ...
... The nervous tissue displays electrical activity. This electrical activity is in the form of a nerve impulse, which is a flow of electrical charges along the cell membrane. This flow is due to movement of ions across the membrane. A nerve cell has an electrical potential or voltage across its cell me ...
Evidence of a Specific Spinal Pathway for the
... the sense of warmth in humans. J Neurophysiol 89: 562–570, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00393.2002. While research on human sensory processing shows that warm input is conveyed from the periphery by specific, unmyelinated primary sensory neurons, its pathways in the central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. ...
... the sense of warmth in humans. J Neurophysiol 89: 562–570, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00393.2002. While research on human sensory processing shows that warm input is conveyed from the periphery by specific, unmyelinated primary sensory neurons, its pathways in the central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. ...
ppt - UC Davis Imaging Research Center
... Only recently have attempts been made to dissociate neural activity in regard to different types of shifts (Wager, et al., 2005). We focus on two types of shifts: Perceptual shifts – shifts between the processing of stimulus features such as color and shape Contextual shifts – shifts in the ...
... Only recently have attempts been made to dissociate neural activity in regard to different types of shifts (Wager, et al., 2005). We focus on two types of shifts: Perceptual shifts – shifts between the processing of stimulus features such as color and shape Contextual shifts – shifts in the ...
Before and below `theory of mind`: embodied
... the basis of low-level mechanisms which develop well before full-blown linguistic competence. The point I want to stress is that social cognition is not only ‘social metacognition’; that is, explicitly thinking about the contents of someone else’s mind by means of symbols or other representations in ...
... the basis of low-level mechanisms which develop well before full-blown linguistic competence. The point I want to stress is that social cognition is not only ‘social metacognition’; that is, explicitly thinking about the contents of someone else’s mind by means of symbols or other representations in ...
Abstracts - BCCN 2009
... organize this meeting. As in previous years, there will be a single track program of talks and poster sessions. In line with the theme of our Bernstein Focus, a special emphasis is put on Computational Vision. Highlights of this program will be invited talks by József Fiser, Wulfram Gerstner, Amiram ...
... organize this meeting. As in previous years, there will be a single track program of talks and poster sessions. In line with the theme of our Bernstein Focus, a special emphasis is put on Computational Vision. Highlights of this program will be invited talks by József Fiser, Wulfram Gerstner, Amiram ...
Neuroscience, Fifth Edition
... SINAUER ASSOCIATES, INC. • Publishers Sunderland, Massachusetts U.S.A. ...
... SINAUER ASSOCIATES, INC. • Publishers Sunderland, Massachusetts U.S.A. ...
Changes in 3H-Substance P Receptor Binding in the Rat Brain After
... bus pallidus, is the origin of more than 97% of the SPLI (Pettibone et al., 1980) found within the substantia nigra (Brownstein et al., 1977; Jesse11et al., 1978; Mroz et al., 1977). No cell bodies intrinsic to the substantia nigra appear to contain SPLI (Ljungdahl et al., 1978). Thus, nearly all th ...
... bus pallidus, is the origin of more than 97% of the SPLI (Pettibone et al., 1980) found within the substantia nigra (Brownstein et al., 1977; Jesse11et al., 1978; Mroz et al., 1977). No cell bodies intrinsic to the substantia nigra appear to contain SPLI (Ljungdahl et al., 1978). Thus, nearly all th ...
Chapter 3 - University of South Alabama
... 6-OH-DA OH DA abolishes brain ________________. 6-OH-DA induces _________________. 6-OH-DA is linked to the production of unusual body odor. 6-OH-DA may be converted into a hallucinogen (2-hydroxy 4,5 dimethoxyphenethanolamine). Revision 2006 PSB ...
... 6-OH-DA OH DA abolishes brain ________________. 6-OH-DA induces _________________. 6-OH-DA is linked to the production of unusual body odor. 6-OH-DA may be converted into a hallucinogen (2-hydroxy 4,5 dimethoxyphenethanolamine). Revision 2006 PSB ...
Creating Buzz: The Neural Correlates of Effective Message
... sound a bee makes, since the 16th century it has had a variety of social meanings, including the act of calling someone on the phone, the sounds a crowd makes when roused, or the spreading of a rumor. Today, buzz most often refers to the excitement that spreads around an idea, person, or product. Th ...
... sound a bee makes, since the 16th century it has had a variety of social meanings, including the act of calling someone on the phone, the sounds a crowd makes when roused, or the spreading of a rumor. Today, buzz most often refers to the excitement that spreads around an idea, person, or product. Th ...
A double-dissociation of English past
... used, the former involving the presentation of correct and incorrect in¯ected forms (Penke et al., 1997; Newman et al., 1999) and the latter involving stems being primed by preceding in¯ected forms (Marslen-Wilson and Tyler, 1998; MuÈnte et al., 1999). While the use of such designs is bene®cial when ...
... used, the former involving the presentation of correct and incorrect in¯ected forms (Penke et al., 1997; Newman et al., 1999) and the latter involving stems being primed by preceding in¯ected forms (Marslen-Wilson and Tyler, 1998; MuÈnte et al., 1999). While the use of such designs is bene®cial when ...
The Biological Perspective
... myelin sheath does for the axons. Bundled all together, they form a cable that is much stronger and less vulnerable to breakage than any wire alone would be. It works the same way in the nervous system. Bundles of myelin-coated axons travel together in “cables” called nerves. A few other facts about ...
... myelin sheath does for the axons. Bundled all together, they form a cable that is much stronger and less vulnerable to breakage than any wire alone would be. It works the same way in the nervous system. Bundles of myelin-coated axons travel together in “cables” called nerves. A few other facts about ...
(addl. 3)
... has focused on the difficult task of providing connectivity between electronics and biological neurons (e.g. Berger [6]), more complex emulated neural networks might one day provide prosthetic devices that adapt to an individual's brain, providing functions missing due to surgery, accidents or conge ...
... has focused on the difficult task of providing connectivity between electronics and biological neurons (e.g. Berger [6]), more complex emulated neural networks might one day provide prosthetic devices that adapt to an individual's brain, providing functions missing due to surgery, accidents or conge ...
Contributions and challenges for network models in cognitive
... brain activity. Despite these contributions, network models are subject to limitations in methodology and interpretation, and they face many challenges as brain connectivity data sets continue to increase in detail and complexity. A substantial body of evidence from both anatomical and physiological ...
... brain activity. Despite these contributions, network models are subject to limitations in methodology and interpretation, and they face many challenges as brain connectivity data sets continue to increase in detail and complexity. A substantial body of evidence from both anatomical and physiological ...
connections of the cerebral cortex
... broadens. Its caudal end is half way through a series of transverse sections of the cerebrum. Those investigators who have identified functional cortical areas exclusively on the basis of cell studies might have made their analogies better if they had given more attention to connections. The extent ...
... broadens. Its caudal end is half way through a series of transverse sections of the cerebrum. Those investigators who have identified functional cortical areas exclusively on the basis of cell studies might have made their analogies better if they had given more attention to connections. The extent ...
Challenges for Brain Emulation
... has focused on the difficult task of providing connectivity between electronics and biological neurons (e.g. Berger [6]), more complex emulated neural networks might one day provide prosthetic devices that adapt to an individual's brain, providing functions missing due to surgery, accidents or conge ...
... has focused on the difficult task of providing connectivity between electronics and biological neurons (e.g. Berger [6]), more complex emulated neural networks might one day provide prosthetic devices that adapt to an individual's brain, providing functions missing due to surgery, accidents or conge ...
PDF
... compelling, not to say seductive idea. Thus, “column” has persisted both conceptually and linguistically, despite significant problems in both domains. (1) “Column” is ambiguous. It can refer to smallscale minicolumns (diameter ∼50 μm), to larger scale macrocolumns (diameter ∼300–500 μm), and to mul ...
... compelling, not to say seductive idea. Thus, “column” has persisted both conceptually and linguistically, despite significant problems in both domains. (1) “Column” is ambiguous. It can refer to smallscale minicolumns (diameter ∼50 μm), to larger scale macrocolumns (diameter ∼300–500 μm), and to mul ...
Habit formation
... carries a potentially active influence over behavior very early in the learning process, trial by trial, bestowing on behavior more automaticity the stronger the activity is as the behavior begins. On this point, in recent human neuroimaging work on decision-making processes for Smith Graybiel 7 ...
... carries a potentially active influence over behavior very early in the learning process, trial by trial, bestowing on behavior more automaticity the stronger the activity is as the behavior begins. On this point, in recent human neuroimaging work on decision-making processes for Smith Graybiel 7 ...
Cortical and basal ganglia contributions to habit learning and
... has received significantly more training than is required for accuracy and speed to asymptote. Although this criterion is commonly used, other more formal tests have been proposed. In cognitive science, the most widely used criteria come from Schneider and Shiffrin [83], who proposed that a behavior ...
... has received significantly more training than is required for accuracy and speed to asymptote. Although this criterion is commonly used, other more formal tests have been proposed. In cognitive science, the most widely used criteria come from Schneider and Shiffrin [83], who proposed that a behavior ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.