Stress and Glucocorticoids Affect the Expression of Brain
... hippocampal neurons making them vulnerable to a wide variety of insults such as kainic acid seizures and metabolic toxins (Sapolsky, 1986; Sapolsky, 1992). The effects of glucocorticoids are anatomically selective, and in contrast to the damage they cause in the hippocampus, glucocorticoids are appa ...
... hippocampal neurons making them vulnerable to a wide variety of insults such as kainic acid seizures and metabolic toxins (Sapolsky, 1986; Sapolsky, 1992). The effects of glucocorticoids are anatomically selective, and in contrast to the damage they cause in the hippocampus, glucocorticoids are appa ...
Exercise and Anxiety Take Home Messages
... ii. In CA1, CA3 and hilus 1) Not in DG b. Exercise on a running wheels (voluntary) for 12h increases hippocampal BDNF mRNA i. 12h exercise → ↑ BDNF exon 1 transcript in DG, hilus, and CA3 ii. 12h exercise → ↑ BDNF exon 2 transcript in CA1 c. Exercise distance run positively correlates with BDNF mRNA ...
... ii. In CA1, CA3 and hilus 1) Not in DG b. Exercise on a running wheels (voluntary) for 12h increases hippocampal BDNF mRNA i. 12h exercise → ↑ BDNF exon 1 transcript in DG, hilus, and CA3 ii. 12h exercise → ↑ BDNF exon 2 transcript in CA1 c. Exercise distance run positively correlates with BDNF mRNA ...
Gut Microbiota: A Modulator of Brain Plasticity and Cognitive
... Until recently, apart from the study of infection on brain function, the fields of neuroscience and microbiology were rarely studied together. However, progress in the field of gut microbiota and its influence on human health in disease, such as in obesity and inflammatory bowel disease, has trigger ...
... Until recently, apart from the study of infection on brain function, the fields of neuroscience and microbiology were rarely studied together. However, progress in the field of gut microbiota and its influence on human health in disease, such as in obesity and inflammatory bowel disease, has trigger ...
Spinal cord and reflexes
... Stimulating inhibitory neurons Creating IPSPs at reflex motor neurons Suppressing postsynaptic neurons ...
... Stimulating inhibitory neurons Creating IPSPs at reflex motor neurons Suppressing postsynaptic neurons ...
Neuromodulation and cortical function: BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN
... on the properties of evoked potentials or the EEG (frequently quantified in terms of influences on separate components of the power spectra). Again, these influences are ultimately due to neuromodulatory effects at the cellular level influencing the dynamical properties of cortical networks. This re ...
... on the properties of evoked potentials or the EEG (frequently quantified in terms of influences on separate components of the power spectra). Again, these influences are ultimately due to neuromodulatory effects at the cellular level influencing the dynamical properties of cortical networks. This re ...
Spinal cord and reflexes
... Stimulating inhibitory neurons Creating IPSPs at reflex motor neurons Suppressing postsynaptic neurons ...
... Stimulating inhibitory neurons Creating IPSPs at reflex motor neurons Suppressing postsynaptic neurons ...
Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum
... The majority of scientific literature was initially devoted to describing the type and extent of behavioral dysfunction seen in ASD. Results from this extensive work prompted researchers to develop cognitive theories, many of which emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The Theory of Mind (ToM) ...
... The majority of scientific literature was initially devoted to describing the type and extent of behavioral dysfunction seen in ASD. Results from this extensive work prompted researchers to develop cognitive theories, many of which emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The Theory of Mind (ToM) ...
Chapter 13 Stress and Glucocorticoid Contributions to Normal and
... The nature of individual differences in HPA function in human populations is not well understood, but there are a variety of sources that may contribute to group differences in GC secretion, which could, in turn, drive differences in susceptibility to GCaccelerated aging. One factor that may contri ...
... The nature of individual differences in HPA function in human populations is not well understood, but there are a variety of sources that may contribute to group differences in GC secretion, which could, in turn, drive differences in susceptibility to GCaccelerated aging. One factor that may contri ...
CCNBook/Neuron
... biological cells, not just neurons). But often it comes down to a judgment call about what phenomena you regard as being important, which will vary depending on the scientific questions being addressed with the model. The approach taken for the models in this book is to find some kind of happy (or u ...
... biological cells, not just neurons). But often it comes down to a judgment call about what phenomena you regard as being important, which will vary depending on the scientific questions being addressed with the model. The approach taken for the models in this book is to find some kind of happy (or u ...
Smell, Taste, Texture, and Temperature
... coding principle in primate olfaction whereby the responses of some orbitofrontal cortex olfactory neurons are modified by and depend upon the taste with which the odor is associated.30-32 This modification was less complete, and much slower, than the modifications found for orbitofrontal visual neuron ...
... coding principle in primate olfaction whereby the responses of some orbitofrontal cortex olfactory neurons are modified by and depend upon the taste with which the odor is associated.30-32 This modification was less complete, and much slower, than the modifications found for orbitofrontal visual neuron ...
Mapping of second order olfactory neurons and ventral
... electrical signal in the sensory neurons and thus represented internally in neural networks in the brain displaying sophisticated behavioral responses that are adaptive to the particular situation (Hansson & Stensmyr, 2011; Martin et al., 2011). Among the sensory systems, that dedicated to detection ...
... electrical signal in the sensory neurons and thus represented internally in neural networks in the brain displaying sophisticated behavioral responses that are adaptive to the particular situation (Hansson & Stensmyr, 2011; Martin et al., 2011). Among the sensory systems, that dedicated to detection ...
donepezil dose-dependently inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in
... P. KASA,*† H. PAPP,* P. KASA JR‡ and I. TOROK§ *Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centre and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary §Erzsébet Hospital, H-6800 Hódmezovásárhely, Hungary ...
... P. KASA,*† H. PAPP,* P. KASA JR‡ and I. TOROK§ *Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centre and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary §Erzsébet Hospital, H-6800 Hódmezovásárhely, Hungary ...
The Features and Functions of Neuronal Assemblies: Possible
... Tominaga et al., 2000), to name but a few. Though it remains difficult to unequivocally attribute specific physiological meaning to each of these parameters, they still reflect the summed output of veritable dynamics of population activity. Assemblies will to some extent feature specific spatio-temp ...
... Tominaga et al., 2000), to name but a few. Though it remains difficult to unequivocally attribute specific physiological meaning to each of these parameters, they still reflect the summed output of veritable dynamics of population activity. Assemblies will to some extent feature specific spatio-temp ...
fMR-adaptation reveals separate processing regions for the
... primary visual cortex (V1) and the cuneus yielded more activation when people attended colour compared to when they attended texture—but this activation was never higher than the activation yielded when people attended form. In other words, the processing of object form and the processing of surface ...
... primary visual cortex (V1) and the cuneus yielded more activation when people attended colour compared to when they attended texture—but this activation was never higher than the activation yielded when people attended form. In other words, the processing of object form and the processing of surface ...
Study Objectives
... 4. Identify and briefly describe experimental approaches used to examine cerebral lateralization in humans. 5. Describe Sperry's and Gazzaniga's work with split-brain patients. What did their results reveal about the functions of the two cerebral hemispheres? 6. Define aphasia and list at least thr ...
... 4. Identify and briefly describe experimental approaches used to examine cerebral lateralization in humans. 5. Describe Sperry's and Gazzaniga's work with split-brain patients. What did their results reveal about the functions of the two cerebral hemispheres? 6. Define aphasia and list at least thr ...
Probabilistic Anatomic Mapping of Cerebral Blood Flow Distribution
... artery and the absence of flow to anterior or posterior communicating cerebral arteries, 750 MBq of 99mTc-ECD were injected into catheter and flushed with 5 mL of normal saline. After this procedure, hemostasis of the femoral artery was achieved using an occlusion device (Angioseal; St. Jude Medical ...
... artery and the absence of flow to anterior or posterior communicating cerebral arteries, 750 MBq of 99mTc-ECD were injected into catheter and flushed with 5 mL of normal saline. After this procedure, hemostasis of the femoral artery was achieved using an occlusion device (Angioseal; St. Jude Medical ...
Role of Ratings of Perceived Exertion during Self
... and/or fatigue [2]. A higher RPE is typically associated with increased physiological stress and fatigue. Indeed, numerous studies have shown that significant physiological perturbations, such as an increase in heart rate, ventilation, oxygen consumption, and metabolic acidosis (decrease pH), result ...
... and/or fatigue [2]. A higher RPE is typically associated with increased physiological stress and fatigue. Indeed, numerous studies have shown that significant physiological perturbations, such as an increase in heart rate, ventilation, oxygen consumption, and metabolic acidosis (decrease pH), result ...
Module 3 and 4 Practice Test
... 6. As you are reading this question, the cells in your eyes are firing in response to the light coming ...
... 6. As you are reading this question, the cells in your eyes are firing in response to the light coming ...
Increased taste intensity perception exhibited by
... Anesthesia, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA f Neuroscience Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA Received 23 April 2005; received in revised form 15 September 2005; accepted 24 October 2005 ...
... Anesthesia, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA f Neuroscience Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA Received 23 April 2005; received in revised form 15 September 2005; accepted 24 October 2005 ...
aeb0119e8005b64
... The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is the first of twelve pairs of cranial nerves. It is instrumental in the sense of smell. Derived from the embryonic nasal placode, the olfactory nerve is capable of regeneration. The olfactory nerve is sensory in nature and originates on the olfactory mucosa ...
... The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is the first of twelve pairs of cranial nerves. It is instrumental in the sense of smell. Derived from the embryonic nasal placode, the olfactory nerve is capable of regeneration. The olfactory nerve is sensory in nature and originates on the olfactory mucosa ...
On phenomenal character and Petri dishes
... Petri dish. The second is that those who suggest that a Petri dish is too small are confusing v itself with the physical context that makes v possible. I consider these in turn. It is an empirical question how much of the brain is involved in a given experience. It will, I suspect, be a significant ...
... Petri dish. The second is that those who suggest that a Petri dish is too small are confusing v itself with the physical context that makes v possible. I consider these in turn. It is an empirical question how much of the brain is involved in a given experience. It will, I suspect, be a significant ...
How microglia kill neurons
... states and the lack of specificity or meaning of the term. However, we probably do not know enough yet to produce a mature classification of activation states. Recently, bipolar/ rod-shaped microglia (Tam and Ma 2014) and multinucleated giant cells (Hornik et al., 2014) were identified as potential oth ...
... states and the lack of specificity or meaning of the term. However, we probably do not know enough yet to produce a mature classification of activation states. Recently, bipolar/ rod-shaped microglia (Tam and Ma 2014) and multinucleated giant cells (Hornik et al., 2014) were identified as potential oth ...
Anatomical Changes in Human Motor Cortex and Motor Pathways
... Feringa and Vahlsing 1985; Hains et al. 2003). Some investigators have reported decreases in both the size and numbers of corticospinal neurons (Ganchrow and Bernstein 1985; Tetzlaff et al. 1994; Hains et al. 2003) as well as changes in synaptic spine density and neuronal morphology (Kim et al. 2006 ...
... Feringa and Vahlsing 1985; Hains et al. 2003). Some investigators have reported decreases in both the size and numbers of corticospinal neurons (Ganchrow and Bernstein 1985; Tetzlaff et al. 1994; Hains et al. 2003) as well as changes in synaptic spine density and neuronal morphology (Kim et al. 2006 ...
Effects of Repeated Administration of 3,4
... Fig.3 shows the results of cell counts (neurons) in different groups. The number of neurons in all experimental groups was lower than in the control-saline group and the differences were significant (P < 0.05). The highest decrease in the number of neurons was shown in response to MDMA with the dose ...
... Fig.3 shows the results of cell counts (neurons) in different groups. The number of neurons in all experimental groups was lower than in the control-saline group and the differences were significant (P < 0.05). The highest decrease in the number of neurons was shown in response to MDMA with the dose ...
