Anatomic Studies on the Superior Colliculus
... which are presynaptic dendrites), and occasionally to cell bodies. In rat and cat they undergo both primary dense and neurofilamentous reactions in degeneration, while in the monkey the neurofilamentous reaction is very uncommon. The corticotectal pathway in rat synapses only with small dendrites an ...
... which are presynaptic dendrites), and occasionally to cell bodies. In rat and cat they undergo both primary dense and neurofilamentous reactions in degeneration, while in the monkey the neurofilamentous reaction is very uncommon. The corticotectal pathway in rat synapses only with small dendrites an ...
Basic Mechanisms Underlying Seizures and Epilepsy
... Hippocampal circuitry. 2. Newborn granule cells sprout hilar basal dendrites that receive mossy fiber synapses in the hilus, further altering the hippocampal circuitry. 3. Newborn granule cells migrate into the hilus, resulting in abnormal granule cell layer morphology. These 3 anatomical changes ar ...
... Hippocampal circuitry. 2. Newborn granule cells sprout hilar basal dendrites that receive mossy fiber synapses in the hilus, further altering the hippocampal circuitry. 3. Newborn granule cells migrate into the hilus, resulting in abnormal granule cell layer morphology. These 3 anatomical changes ar ...
Olfactory maps, circuits and computations
... across the nasal epithelium express a single odorant receptor (OR). Every OSN expressing a particular OR sends its axons to a genetically stereotyped location on the surface of the olfactory bulb, termed a glomerulus (dashed circles). The bulb contains a number of interneuron types (yellow) includin ...
... across the nasal epithelium express a single odorant receptor (OR). Every OSN expressing a particular OR sends its axons to a genetically stereotyped location on the surface of the olfactory bulb, termed a glomerulus (dashed circles). The bulb contains a number of interneuron types (yellow) includin ...
Temporal reproduction and its neuroanatomical correlates in adults
... implemented: 1) structural images of all 60 participants were included for creating a studyspecific template; 2) structural images of each participant were segmented (using unified segmentation) and imported into DARTEL to create the study-specific template, while all images were warped to the study ...
... implemented: 1) structural images of all 60 participants were included for creating a studyspecific template; 2) structural images of each participant were segmented (using unified segmentation) and imported into DARTEL to create the study-specific template, while all images were warped to the study ...
Divergent Projections from the Anterior Inferotemporal Area TE to
... Figure 3. Cytoarchitecture of TEav, the caudal part of area 36 (36c), area 35, and area 28. A, Nissl-stained section. There is a separation between layers V and VI in TEav but not in 36c. Layer IV is present in area 36 but absent in areas 35 and 28. The presence of intensely stained large neurons in ...
... Figure 3. Cytoarchitecture of TEav, the caudal part of area 36 (36c), area 35, and area 28. A, Nissl-stained section. There is a separation between layers V and VI in TEav but not in 36c. Layer IV is present in area 36 but absent in areas 35 and 28. The presence of intensely stained large neurons in ...
Contents
... that the anatomical subdivisions will also provide a key to as yet unrecognized functional areas. That ‘cytoarchitectural differences reflect functional differences’ is a principle accepted now by every neuroanatomist: a cytoarchitectural difference in any nucleus is taken to reflect a functional di ...
... that the anatomical subdivisions will also provide a key to as yet unrecognized functional areas. That ‘cytoarchitectural differences reflect functional differences’ is a principle accepted now by every neuroanatomist: a cytoarchitectural difference in any nucleus is taken to reflect a functional di ...
Development of the rat thalamus: VI. The posterior lobule of the
... sequential radiograms from rats injected with 3H-thymidine on day E l 5 and killed on days E l 6 and E17, the migration of young LGD neurons was followed in a posterolateral direction to the formative lateral geniculate body. By day E17, the day when the optic tract fibers begin to disperse over the ...
... sequential radiograms from rats injected with 3H-thymidine on day E l 5 and killed on days E l 6 and E17, the migration of young LGD neurons was followed in a posterolateral direction to the formative lateral geniculate body. By day E17, the day when the optic tract fibers begin to disperse over the ...
Supranuclear control of ocular motility
... Gaze-holding mechanisms act to prevent slip of images on the retina. Steady gaze-holding is achieved by collaboration of vestibular and visually mediated mechanisms. Vestibulo-ocular reflexes operate during locomotion, generating compensatory eye movements to counteract high-frequency head perturbat ...
... Gaze-holding mechanisms act to prevent slip of images on the retina. Steady gaze-holding is achieved by collaboration of vestibular and visually mediated mechanisms. Vestibulo-ocular reflexes operate during locomotion, generating compensatory eye movements to counteract high-frequency head perturbat ...
Projections of the median raphe nucleus in the rat
... superior olive stratum radiatum of hippocampus spinal trigeminal tract subiculum supramammillary nucleus superior vestibular nucleus trapezoid body temporal cortex ventrobasal complex of thalamus ...
... superior olive stratum radiatum of hippocampus spinal trigeminal tract subiculum supramammillary nucleus superior vestibular nucleus trapezoid body temporal cortex ventrobasal complex of thalamus ...
connections of the hypothalamus and preoptic area with nuclei of
... the medial nucleus (Fig. 4, R57). Single labeled cells appeared here following selective injeotions into the posterior part of the cortical nucleus (Fig. 4, R76). After injections into other amygdaloid nuclei no HlZP labeled cells were seen in the vent.r8al plremammillary nucleus (F'ig. 4, R95, R94, ...
... the medial nucleus (Fig. 4, R57). Single labeled cells appeared here following selective injeotions into the posterior part of the cortical nucleus (Fig. 4, R76). After injections into other amygdaloid nuclei no HlZP labeled cells were seen in the vent.r8al plremammillary nucleus (F'ig. 4, R95, R94, ...
Distribution of GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in the
... Neurons that utilize the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) appear to play an important role in generating many of the receptive field properties that distinguish neurons in the striate cortex from those in the lateral geniculate nucleus. When the inhibitory effects of GABA are blocked by t ...
... Neurons that utilize the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) appear to play an important role in generating many of the receptive field properties that distinguish neurons in the striate cortex from those in the lateral geniculate nucleus. When the inhibitory effects of GABA are blocked by t ...
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) expression and inhibitory
... These connections exist within circuits that are made up of both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic neurons. The excitatory neurons’ primary neurotransmitter is glutamate and interneurons are the inhibitory neurons whose neurotransmitter is γaminobutyric acid (GABA). The term interneuron refers to t ...
... These connections exist within circuits that are made up of both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic neurons. The excitatory neurons’ primary neurotransmitter is glutamate and interneurons are the inhibitory neurons whose neurotransmitter is γaminobutyric acid (GABA). The term interneuron refers to t ...
Systematic Regional Variations in the Loss of Cortical Cholinergic
... most sensory-motor and association zones, and lowest within the primary visual and visual association areas of the occipital lobe. In general, supragranular cortical layers contained a higher density of cholinergic fibers, and most of these were oriented vertically. In Alzheimer's disease, an overal ...
... most sensory-motor and association zones, and lowest within the primary visual and visual association areas of the occipital lobe. In general, supragranular cortical layers contained a higher density of cholinergic fibers, and most of these were oriented vertically. In Alzheimer's disease, an overal ...
Control of echolocation pulses by neurons of the nucleus ambiguus
... This projection pattern was identical in all experiments of this group, with the exception of experiment N A I l , where labelled neurons were also bilaterally found in the lateral pontine nuclei. In this experiment the injection site was situated more rostrally in the nucleus ambiguus, 450 pm from ...
... This projection pattern was identical in all experiments of this group, with the exception of experiment N A I l , where labelled neurons were also bilaterally found in the lateral pontine nuclei. In this experiment the injection site was situated more rostrally in the nucleus ambiguus, 450 pm from ...
Layer IV of the primary somatosensory cortex has the highest
... organized into groups that are linked synaptically across the horizontal layers. Each of these vertically oriented narrow chains of neurons, called minicolumns, is regarded as the basic unit of the neocortex (Mountcastle, 1997). Minicolumns are further connected by short-range horizontal connections ...
... organized into groups that are linked synaptically across the horizontal layers. Each of these vertically oriented narrow chains of neurons, called minicolumns, is regarded as the basic unit of the neocortex (Mountcastle, 1997). Minicolumns are further connected by short-range horizontal connections ...
Long, intrinsic horizontal axons radiating through and beyond rat
... of activity that is centered over the associated barrel in rat primary somatosensory cortex, and yet the evoked local field potential and the intrinsic signal optical imaging response spread symmetrically away from this barrel for over 3.5 mm to cross cytoarchitectonic borders into other ‘‘unimodal’ ...
... of activity that is centered over the associated barrel in rat primary somatosensory cortex, and yet the evoked local field potential and the intrinsic signal optical imaging response spread symmetrically away from this barrel for over 3.5 mm to cross cytoarchitectonic borders into other ‘‘unimodal’ ...
Review Inhibitory neurotransmission, plasticity and aging in the
... presynaptic changes in the cochlear nucleus include reduced glycine levels, while in the auditory midbrain and cortex, GABA synthesis and release are altered. Presumably, in response to age-related decreases in presynaptic release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, there are age-related postsynaptic s ...
... presynaptic changes in the cochlear nucleus include reduced glycine levels, while in the auditory midbrain and cortex, GABA synthesis and release are altered. Presumably, in response to age-related decreases in presynaptic release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, there are age-related postsynaptic s ...
A Flow Chart For Classification Of Nystagmus
... (interaural), fore and aft (anterior-posterior), or up and down (vertical). Normally with the head still, the left and right vestibular nerves and the vestibular nucleus neurons to which they project have equal resting discharge rates (vestibular tone). Head movement toward one side excites that lab ...
... (interaural), fore and aft (anterior-posterior), or up and down (vertical). Normally with the head still, the left and right vestibular nerves and the vestibular nucleus neurons to which they project have equal resting discharge rates (vestibular tone). Head movement toward one side excites that lab ...
The prefrontal cortex encompasses a large and heterogeneous set of
... a number of morphological cellular and neurochemical features among areas, which may account for disagreements in areal subdivisions. Differences in maps and nomenclature present a formidable problem in constructing central databanks on the connections and functional attributes of areas obtained fro ...
... a number of morphological cellular and neurochemical features among areas, which may account for disagreements in areal subdivisions. Differences in maps and nomenclature present a formidable problem in constructing central databanks on the connections and functional attributes of areas obtained fro ...
Cortical connections of the visuomotor parietooccipital
... At the end of recording sessions, neural tracers were injected by using a “recording syringe” (i.e., a 1-l Hamilton syringe with a metal microelectrode attached to the needle) in order to inject neuronal tracer into physiologically identified different parts of V6A. The needle of this syringe was ad ...
... At the end of recording sessions, neural tracers were injected by using a “recording syringe” (i.e., a 1-l Hamilton syringe with a metal microelectrode attached to the needle) in order to inject neuronal tracer into physiologically identified different parts of V6A. The needle of this syringe was ad ...
B. trigeminal nerve
... 22. When the middle meningeal artery is ruptured due to a fracture at the pterion, blood will enters the: A. subarachnoid space B. subdural space C. epidural space D. dural sinuses ANSWER : C The middle meningeal artery, a branch of the maxillary artery, one of the terminal branches of the external ...
... 22. When the middle meningeal artery is ruptured due to a fracture at the pterion, blood will enters the: A. subarachnoid space B. subdural space C. epidural space D. dural sinuses ANSWER : C The middle meningeal artery, a branch of the maxillary artery, one of the terminal branches of the external ...
Cholinergic Elements in the Zebrafish Central Nervous System
... cholinergic/cholinoceptive system of the zebrafish CNS was analyzed by using choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry in the brain, retina, and spinal cord. AChE labeling was more abundant and more widely distributed than ChAT immunoreactivi ...
... cholinergic/cholinoceptive system of the zebrafish CNS was analyzed by using choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry in the brain, retina, and spinal cord. AChE labeling was more abundant and more widely distributed than ChAT immunoreactivi ...
Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity in the Piriform Cortex
... cerebral hemisphere and that arborize extensively within the piriform cortex (Johnson et al. 2000). These long connections are probably one of the factors contributing to the high excitability of these structures (Behan and Haberly 1999). The deep anterior piriform cortex has been called ‘‘area temp ...
... cerebral hemisphere and that arborize extensively within the piriform cortex (Johnson et al. 2000). These long connections are probably one of the factors contributing to the high excitability of these structures (Behan and Haberly 1999). The deep anterior piriform cortex has been called ‘‘area temp ...
Motor Control - Reza Shadmehr
... whereas the lateral cerebellum participates more in voluntary movement. Accordingly, vestibular and propriospinal inputs predominate in the medial cerebellum, and inputs to the lateral cerebellum arise mainly from the cerebral cortex, relayed through mossy fibers originating in the basilar pontine nu ...
... whereas the lateral cerebellum participates more in voluntary movement. Accordingly, vestibular and propriospinal inputs predominate in the medial cerebellum, and inputs to the lateral cerebellum arise mainly from the cerebral cortex, relayed through mossy fibers originating in the basilar pontine nu ...
Projections of the paraventricular and paratenial nuclei
... states of arousal. In view, then, of its pivotal role in limbic circuitry, we sought to comprehensively examine the efferent projections of PV in the rat. Although the paratenial nucleus of the thalamus also appears to receive a vast array of afferent information (Chen and Su, 1990; Krout et al., 20 ...
... states of arousal. In view, then, of its pivotal role in limbic circuitry, we sought to comprehensively examine the efferent projections of PV in the rat. Although the paratenial nucleus of the thalamus also appears to receive a vast array of afferent information (Chen and Su, 1990; Krout et al., 20 ...
Anatomy of the cerebellum
The anatomy of the cerebellum can be viewed at three levels. At the level of large-scale anatomy, the cerebellum consists of a tightly folded and crumpled layer of cortex, with white matter underneath, several deep nuclei embedded in the white matter, and a fluid-filled ventricle in the middle. At the intermediate level, the cerebellum and its auxiliary structures can be decomposed into several hundred or thousand independently functioning modules or ""microzones"". At the microscopic level, each module consists of the same small set of neuronal elements, laid out with a highly stereotyped geometry.