Model of autism: increased ratio of excitationinhibition in key neural
... As will be discussed below, an imbalance of excitation and inhibition could be due to increased glutamatergic (excitatory) signaling, or to a reduction in inhibition due to a reduction in GABAergic signaling. Hussman (2001) has earlier suggested that suppressed GABAergic inhibition is a common featu ...
... As will be discussed below, an imbalance of excitation and inhibition could be due to increased glutamatergic (excitatory) signaling, or to a reduction in inhibition due to a reduction in GABAergic signaling. Hussman (2001) has earlier suggested that suppressed GABAergic inhibition is a common featu ...
博士論文
... (Indefrey et al., 2001; Musso et al., 2003; Suzuki and Sakai, 2003; Kinno et al., 2009; Ohta et al., 2013). On the other hand, the neural relationships between syntax and other linguistic factors, such as semantic information of sentences and lexical/contextual information, still remain unclear. It ...
... (Indefrey et al., 2001; Musso et al., 2003; Suzuki and Sakai, 2003; Kinno et al., 2009; Ohta et al., 2013). On the other hand, the neural relationships between syntax and other linguistic factors, such as semantic information of sentences and lexical/contextual information, still remain unclear. It ...
1 - Philosophy and Predictive Processing
... the second the faculty for cognizing an object by means of these representations (spontaneity of concepts); through the former an object is given to us, through the latter it is thought in relation to that representation (as a mere determination of the mind).” (Kant 1998, B 74). However, a serious i ...
... the second the faculty for cognizing an object by means of these representations (spontaneity of concepts); through the former an object is given to us, through the latter it is thought in relation to that representation (as a mere determination of the mind).” (Kant 1998, B 74). However, a serious i ...
Glossary - Baars and Gage
... Broca’s area (BRO-kas AIR-ee-a): The left inferior frontal gyrus, or its posterior segment, reported by Pierre-Paul Broca in 1861 to be responsible for the deficit of a patient who could not speak, but had preserved speech understanding. Other functions have since been attributed to Broca’s area. Se ...
... Broca’s area (BRO-kas AIR-ee-a): The left inferior frontal gyrus, or its posterior segment, reported by Pierre-Paul Broca in 1861 to be responsible for the deficit of a patient who could not speak, but had preserved speech understanding. Other functions have since been attributed to Broca’s area. Se ...
Neuroscience Information Framework Standard Ontologies
... – Organizing the concepts involved in a domain into a hierarchy and – Precisely specifying how the classes are ‘related’ with each other (i.e., logical axioms) ...
... – Organizing the concepts involved in a domain into a hierarchy and – Precisely specifying how the classes are ‘related’ with each other (i.e., logical axioms) ...
Background Paper 3 - Yale School of Medicine
... anatomical homology between rodent and primate prefrontal cortex is controversial49,50. However, studies of the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) areas within rat medial PFC (mPFC), the most likely functional homologue of dlPFC in NHP and human, largely support the results from rhesus monkey. Firs ...
... anatomical homology between rodent and primate prefrontal cortex is controversial49,50. However, studies of the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) areas within rat medial PFC (mPFC), the most likely functional homologue of dlPFC in NHP and human, largely support the results from rhesus monkey. Firs ...
Axonogenesis in the Brain of Zebrafish Embryos
... the cell bodiesof neuronswhich have begun axonogenesis.It is likely that embryonic axons are labeled to the baseof growth conessincebroad, unlabeled processescan be seenat the distal end of labeledaxons with DIC optics (data not shown).Labeled axons are readily distinguishablefrom cilia or ependymal ...
... the cell bodiesof neuronswhich have begun axonogenesis.It is likely that embryonic axons are labeled to the baseof growth conessincebroad, unlabeled processescan be seenat the distal end of labeledaxons with DIC optics (data not shown).Labeled axons are readily distinguishablefrom cilia or ependymal ...
Functional differences between dorsal and ventral hippocampus
... in the dorsal region in basal condition. The parcellation of hippocampus into dorsal and ventral zones has been considered by other authors, which found morphological and functional differences that could explain the reported results (Moser et al., 1993; Jung et al., 1994). Thus, from a behavioral p ...
... in the dorsal region in basal condition. The parcellation of hippocampus into dorsal and ventral zones has been considered by other authors, which found morphological and functional differences that could explain the reported results (Moser et al., 1993; Jung et al., 1994). Thus, from a behavioral p ...
State of the art
... plays an important regulatory role in this nonlinear network of allostasis, since it generally opposes the sympathetic nervous system and, for example, slows the heart and also has anti-inflammatory effects.8,9 What this nonlinearity means is that when any one mediator is increased or decreased, the ...
... plays an important regulatory role in this nonlinear network of allostasis, since it generally opposes the sympathetic nervous system and, for example, slows the heart and also has anti-inflammatory effects.8,9 What this nonlinearity means is that when any one mediator is increased or decreased, the ...
Descartes` Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
... pensable for rationality. At their best, feelings point us in the proper direction, take us to the appropriate place in a decision-making space, where we may put the instruments of logic to good use. We are faced by uncertainty when we have to make a moral judgment, decide on the course of a persona ...
... pensable for rationality. At their best, feelings point us in the proper direction, take us to the appropriate place in a decision-making space, where we may put the instruments of logic to good use. We are faced by uncertainty when we have to make a moral judgment, decide on the course of a persona ...
5-28-2007
... clinical literature. This latter term, however, lost its significance in the light of recent tracer and histochemical studies indicating that the main part of the basal forebrain that was previously called the substantia innominata belongs to nearby and better defined anatomical systems. The rostra ...
... clinical literature. This latter term, however, lost its significance in the light of recent tracer and histochemical studies indicating that the main part of the basal forebrain that was previously called the substantia innominata belongs to nearby and better defined anatomical systems. The rostra ...
Midbrain fMRI: Applications, Limitations and Challenges
... A striking functional aspect of the anatomical organization of connectivity between the SN/VTA and striatum is to allow interfacing limbic, goal-directed and motorrelated information by anatomically integrating information across limbic, cogni tive and motor circuits in striato-nigro-striatal (SNS) ...
... A striking functional aspect of the anatomical organization of connectivity between the SN/VTA and striatum is to allow interfacing limbic, goal-directed and motorrelated information by anatomically integrating information across limbic, cogni tive and motor circuits in striato-nigro-striatal (SNS) ...
Parallel Evolution of Cortical Areas Involved in Skilled Hand Use
... 5C). In regions of high recording site density, and particularly in the forelimb representations, the electrophysiological borders of area 2 were identified by a reversal in a rostrocaudal progression of receptive fields across cortical field boundaries (Fig. 5B). In cortex that has been flattened a ...
... 5C). In regions of high recording site density, and particularly in the forelimb representations, the electrophysiological borders of area 2 were identified by a reversal in a rostrocaudal progression of receptive fields across cortical field boundaries (Fig. 5B). In cortex that has been flattened a ...
Resting-State Connectivity Predictors of Response to
... Twenty-three unmedicated outpatients with MDD and 20 matched nondepressed controls completed rs-fcMRI scans after which the MDD group received an average of 12 sessions of psychotherapy. The mean change in Beck Depression Inventory-II scores after psychotherapy was 12.04 points, a clinically meaning ...
... Twenty-three unmedicated outpatients with MDD and 20 matched nondepressed controls completed rs-fcMRI scans after which the MDD group received an average of 12 sessions of psychotherapy. The mean change in Beck Depression Inventory-II scores after psychotherapy was 12.04 points, a clinically meaning ...
Chapter 3 - University of South Alabama
... Cooperative Learning Some portions of the brain do not become myelinated until a child becomes 5-6 years of age. Meet M t with ith your study t d group members b and d discuss how a child’s behavior may likely differ due to the presence or absence of myelin. You have 60 seconds. Revision 2006 ...
... Cooperative Learning Some portions of the brain do not become myelinated until a child becomes 5-6 years of age. Meet M t with ith your study t d group members b and d discuss how a child’s behavior may likely differ due to the presence or absence of myelin. You have 60 seconds. Revision 2006 ...
Neural communication systems
... establishing the effective environmental constraints that select from the continuation rules to form the functional networks within the STG. ...
... establishing the effective environmental constraints that select from the continuation rules to form the functional networks within the STG. ...
AMD Newsletter Vol 5, No. 2,
... Perhaps not surprisingly, the same skills I listed above (and many others) are good candidates for development. In particular, language acquisition is an especially attractive topic, as it seems to offer a unique opportunity to study both the roles of innate neural structure and developmental experi ...
... Perhaps not surprisingly, the same skills I listed above (and many others) are good candidates for development. In particular, language acquisition is an especially attractive topic, as it seems to offer a unique opportunity to study both the roles of innate neural structure and developmental experi ...
Is the cerebellum involved in learning and cognition?
... the allocation of attention. Leiner et al. [27,28] provide a less specific hypothesis. They propose that due to its widespread pattern of connectivity, the cerebellum improves the efficiency of communication between different cortical areas. Rigorous tests of these hypotheses have yet to be conducte ...
... the allocation of attention. Leiner et al. [27,28] provide a less specific hypothesis. They propose that due to its widespread pattern of connectivity, the cerebellum improves the efficiency of communication between different cortical areas. Rigorous tests of these hypotheses have yet to be conducte ...
Resting-state Functional mR imaging
... (7). In many task functional MR studies, reversed contrasts (ie, focusing on decreased activity during task performance) revealed consistent deactivation of regions in the precuneus, parietal cortex, and orbitofrontal regions (6). Since this network seems most active in the absence of a task, the na ...
... (7). In many task functional MR studies, reversed contrasts (ie, focusing on decreased activity during task performance) revealed consistent deactivation of regions in the precuneus, parietal cortex, and orbitofrontal regions (6). Since this network seems most active in the absence of a task, the na ...
Multiple Systems for Value Learning
... even in more theoretical analyses, once computational considerations are taken into account. Although theory prescribes that a decision variable such as expected utility should take some particular value, exactly computing this value to guide choice is often laborious or intractable. In this case, a ...
... even in more theoretical analyses, once computational considerations are taken into account. Although theory prescribes that a decision variable such as expected utility should take some particular value, exactly computing this value to guide choice is often laborious or intractable. In this case, a ...
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and
... onds, TE 106.2 msec). The diffusion weighting was isotropically distributed along 60 directions, using a b-value of 1000 seconds/mm2. For each set of diffusion weighted imaging data, five volumes with no diffusion weighting were acquired at points throughout the acquisition. For each volunteer, thre ...
... onds, TE 106.2 msec). The diffusion weighting was isotropically distributed along 60 directions, using a b-value of 1000 seconds/mm2. For each set of diffusion weighted imaging data, five volumes with no diffusion weighting were acquired at points throughout the acquisition. For each volunteer, thre ...
The Role of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Decision Making
... continuing until they had indicated their preference between all possible pairs of the 8 food items in the set. Overall completion time for the food and color categories was measured by means of a stopwatch. Each participant chose from the same foods and colors, but compared different sets of people ...
... continuing until they had indicated their preference between all possible pairs of the 8 food items in the set. Overall completion time for the food and color categories was measured by means of a stopwatch. Each participant chose from the same foods and colors, but compared different sets of people ...
EEG dynamics of Alzheimer`s disease
... • The second paper was published in Nature Medicine by a French group and showed that intracranially recorded seizures could be anticipated 2–6 minutes in 17 out of 19 cases (Martinerie et al., ...
... • The second paper was published in Nature Medicine by a French group and showed that intracranially recorded seizures could be anticipated 2–6 minutes in 17 out of 19 cases (Martinerie et al., ...
Frontal lobe and cognitive development
... The precise functional role of the connections of the prefrontal cortex is not entirely known, but can be inferred from the functional role of the structures with which it is connected. In general terms, the prefrontal-limbic connections are involved in the control of emotional behavior, whereas the ...
... The precise functional role of the connections of the prefrontal cortex is not entirely known, but can be inferred from the functional role of the structures with which it is connected. In general terms, the prefrontal-limbic connections are involved in the control of emotional behavior, whereas the ...