Orbitofrontal Cortex and Human Drug Abuse: Functional Imaging
... of the substance abusers. As they took part in a double-blind procedure in which the injection could have been placebo or cocaine, they likely experienced a negative emotional reaction (e.g. disappointment) when they realized that they had received placebo. In contrast, control participants would no ...
... of the substance abusers. As they took part in a double-blind procedure in which the injection could have been placebo or cocaine, they likely experienced a negative emotional reaction (e.g. disappointment) when they realized that they had received placebo. In contrast, control participants would no ...
Multimodal functional and structural neuroimaging investigation of major depressive
... regression was also used to examine the association between endpoint remission and changes in neural correlates. The region-of-interest analyses were performed in all enrolled participants, using MMRM model or last observation carried forward (LOCF) methodology for missing observations (eg. particip ...
... regression was also used to examine the association between endpoint remission and changes in neural correlates. The region-of-interest analyses were performed in all enrolled participants, using MMRM model or last observation carried forward (LOCF) methodology for missing observations (eg. particip ...
The Basal Ganglia and Chunking of Action Repertoires
... that dendrites and their synaptic inputs mature postnatally). CORTICOSTRIATAL REMAPPING AND S–R LEARNING Why should this form of remapping promote an S–R learning function for the striatum (basal ganglia) rather than an S–S or context learning function (thought to be the specialty of the hippocampal ...
... that dendrites and their synaptic inputs mature postnatally). CORTICOSTRIATAL REMAPPING AND S–R LEARNING Why should this form of remapping promote an S–R learning function for the striatum (basal ganglia) rather than an S–S or context learning function (thought to be the specialty of the hippocampal ...
Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... phasic activity of the LC-NE system facilitates behavioral responses to the outcome of task-specific decision processes, filtering responses to irrelevant events.1 By selectively facilitating responses to task-relevant processes, the LC-NE phasic response serves to optimize the trade-off between syste ...
... phasic activity of the LC-NE system facilitates behavioral responses to the outcome of task-specific decision processes, filtering responses to irrelevant events.1 By selectively facilitating responses to task-relevant processes, the LC-NE phasic response serves to optimize the trade-off between syste ...
S - 7473-2390-3942 Accountability in United States
... Pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex are also slightly reduced in either gender; in particular the density of the dendritic spines of the apical as well as basal dendrites. The results in male infants only demonstrate slightly higher decrease in the length of basal dendrites of the same neurons. ...
... Pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex are also slightly reduced in either gender; in particular the density of the dendritic spines of the apical as well as basal dendrites. The results in male infants only demonstrate slightly higher decrease in the length of basal dendrites of the same neurons. ...
Large brains and cognition: Where do elephants fit in?
... When delving into what information is available regarding the performance of elephants in some aspects of cognitive behavior, namely feats of tool use, tests of socalled insight behavior and visual discrimination learning, one finds them unimpressive in comparison to chimpanzees and, of course, human ...
... When delving into what information is available regarding the performance of elephants in some aspects of cognitive behavior, namely feats of tool use, tests of socalled insight behavior and visual discrimination learning, one finds them unimpressive in comparison to chimpanzees and, of course, human ...
IN VIVO Research Article SHIVAPRIYA SHIVAKUMAR
... Effect of H. rhamnoides on retention of active avoidance learning and ChAT activity Table 2 explains the age consistent ChAT enzyme activity and retention of active avoidance learning (RAAL) score. The ChAT enzyme activity and RAAL was higher in the H. rhamnoides treated group. The level of ChAT enz ...
... Effect of H. rhamnoides on retention of active avoidance learning and ChAT activity Table 2 explains the age consistent ChAT enzyme activity and retention of active avoidance learning (RAAL) score. The ChAT enzyme activity and RAAL was higher in the H. rhamnoides treated group. The level of ChAT enz ...
Corticofugal modulation of functional connectivity within the auditory
... trains recorded from the same electrode were distinguished from cases where units were in MGB but recorded with different electrodes. Time domain analyses included crosscorrelations and search for precise repetition of complex spatiotemporal firing patterns of reverberating thalamic circuits. As a c ...
... trains recorded from the same electrode were distinguished from cases where units were in MGB but recorded with different electrodes. Time domain analyses included crosscorrelations and search for precise repetition of complex spatiotemporal firing patterns of reverberating thalamic circuits. As a c ...
Role of Nitric Oxide on Dopamine Release and Morphine
... potential failures (Klyachko et al., 2001). These mechanisms may explain how NO modulates DA in NA. However, IbTx known as a BK channel blocker, does not inhibit frequency-dependent effects of SIN-1 (NO donor) on DA release in NA. Several studies reported that NO-mediated DA release was independent ...
... potential failures (Klyachko et al., 2001). These mechanisms may explain how NO modulates DA in NA. However, IbTx known as a BK channel blocker, does not inhibit frequency-dependent effects of SIN-1 (NO donor) on DA release in NA. Several studies reported that NO-mediated DA release was independent ...
Stop Using Introspection to Gather Data for the Design of... Modeling and Spatial Assistance
... performance) the evidence is equivocal. However, in Knauff & Johnson-Laird (2002), it was argued that researchers often do not distinguish between ease of visualization and ease of constructing spatial representations. Rating studies, however, show that these factors can be separated. Their results ...
... performance) the evidence is equivocal. However, in Knauff & Johnson-Laird (2002), it was argued that researchers often do not distinguish between ease of visualization and ease of constructing spatial representations. Rating studies, however, show that these factors can be separated. Their results ...
PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition) David Myers
... Activation-Synthesis Theory Suggests that the brain engages in a lot of random neural activity/limbic. Dreams make narrative sense of this activity. (Hobsonphysiological theory) ...
... Activation-Synthesis Theory Suggests that the brain engages in a lot of random neural activity/limbic. Dreams make narrative sense of this activity. (Hobsonphysiological theory) ...
Synesthetic personification
... gender). Thus before turning to examine the automaticity of personification, the consistency of inducer–concurrent pairings needs to be demonstrated. Indeed the consistency of these reports has been confirmed in both single case studies (Simner and Holenstein 2007; Smilek et al. 2007) and group stud ...
... gender). Thus before turning to examine the automaticity of personification, the consistency of inducer–concurrent pairings needs to be demonstrated. Indeed the consistency of these reports has been confirmed in both single case studies (Simner and Holenstein 2007; Smilek et al. 2007) and group stud ...
BrainFacts.org A P R I M E R ...
... weak lasers, have revealed the brain systems underlying attention, memory, and emotions. These techniques also have pointed to dynamic changes that occur in schizophrenia and other disorders. Cell Death Two major advances in neuroscience — the discovery of how and why neurons die, along with the dis ...
... weak lasers, have revealed the brain systems underlying attention, memory, and emotions. These techniques also have pointed to dynamic changes that occur in schizophrenia and other disorders. Cell Death Two major advances in neuroscience — the discovery of how and why neurons die, along with the dis ...
Ch. 3–Biological Basis of Behavior PPT
... /endocrine system/brain activated in this situation and what they are doing in Crazy Eddie’s body: Crazy Eddie, the professional wrestler, is in the ring wrestling. The crowd is yelling and his opponent is taunting him. Eddie yells back at his opponent. The two of them are out of breath and sweating ...
... /endocrine system/brain activated in this situation and what they are doing in Crazy Eddie’s body: Crazy Eddie, the professional wrestler, is in the ring wrestling. The crowd is yelling and his opponent is taunting him. Eddie yells back at his opponent. The two of them are out of breath and sweating ...
a Primer on the Brain and Nervous System
... weak lasers, have revealed the brain systems underlying attention, memory, and emotions. These techniques also have pointed to dynamic changes that occur in schizophrenia and other disorders. Cell Death Two major advances in neuroscience — the discovery of how and why neurons die, along with the dis ...
... weak lasers, have revealed the brain systems underlying attention, memory, and emotions. These techniques also have pointed to dynamic changes that occur in schizophrenia and other disorders. Cell Death Two major advances in neuroscience — the discovery of how and why neurons die, along with the dis ...
primer on brain facts - Chicago Society of Neuroscience
... weak lasers, have revealed the brain systems underlying attention, memory, and emotions. These techniques also have pointed to dynamic changes that occur in schizophrenia and other disorders. Cell Death Two major advances in neuroscience — the discovery of how and why neurons die, along with the dis ...
... weak lasers, have revealed the brain systems underlying attention, memory, and emotions. These techniques also have pointed to dynamic changes that occur in schizophrenia and other disorders. Cell Death Two major advances in neuroscience — the discovery of how and why neurons die, along with the dis ...
Lecture Guide - TestbankCart.com
... Learning Objective 2.6 – How do psychologists study the brain and how it works? A. LESIONING STUDIES (p. 65) 1. We can study the brain by using deep lesioning to destroy certain areas of the brain in laboratory animals or by electrically stimulating those areas (ESB). 2. We can use case studies of h ...
... Learning Objective 2.6 – How do psychologists study the brain and how it works? A. LESIONING STUDIES (p. 65) 1. We can study the brain by using deep lesioning to destroy certain areas of the brain in laboratory animals or by electrically stimulating those areas (ESB). 2. We can use case studies of h ...
The Anterior Cingulate Cortex - John Allman
... There is a remarkable counterpart to these monkey experiments in electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings made from scalp electrodes in humans. A large body of EEG data indicates that the anterior cingulate is the source of a 4- to 7-Hertz signal present when the subject is performing a task requiri ...
... There is a remarkable counterpart to these monkey experiments in electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings made from scalp electrodes in humans. A large body of EEG data indicates that the anterior cingulate is the source of a 4- to 7-Hertz signal present when the subject is performing a task requiri ...
Violations of information structure: An
... established context (e.g. gophers), are not nearly as anomalous as previously mentioned entities not expected to be in focus position (such as lettuce in (1b)). In short, the constraints imposed by prior semantic context and by information structure have similar but not identical effects in generati ...
... established context (e.g. gophers), are not nearly as anomalous as previously mentioned entities not expected to be in focus position (such as lettuce in (1b)). In short, the constraints imposed by prior semantic context and by information structure have similar but not identical effects in generati ...
Commentaries on Viewpoint: A role for the prefrontal cortex in
... be involved in exercise tolerance and termination nicely postulated by Robertson and Marino (5) is timely. However, in the absence of compelling data, this hypothesis is currently based upon insufficient evidence from exercise studies. There remains uncertainty about how PFC accommodates to physical ...
... be involved in exercise tolerance and termination nicely postulated by Robertson and Marino (5) is timely. However, in the absence of compelling data, this hypothesis is currently based upon insufficient evidence from exercise studies. There remains uncertainty about how PFC accommodates to physical ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... 3 days), multiple repetitions at three delays (60 s, 90 s and 3 days) and visual noise. A constant was included for each subject as effect of no interest. The evoked hemodynamic responses for each of the nine event-types were modelled as delta functions and convolved with a synthetic hemodynamic res ...
... 3 days), multiple repetitions at three delays (60 s, 90 s and 3 days) and visual noise. A constant was included for each subject as effect of no interest. The evoked hemodynamic responses for each of the nine event-types were modelled as delta functions and convolved with a synthetic hemodynamic res ...
Cerebral cortex and the clinical expression of
... The surface representing the grey–white border was subsequently inflated, morphed and registered to an average spherical surface representation that optimally aligns gyral patterns. A surface-based Gaussian smoothing kernel of full-width halfmaximum, equivalent to 485 iterations in an iterative near ...
... The surface representing the grey–white border was subsequently inflated, morphed and registered to an average spherical surface representation that optimally aligns gyral patterns. A surface-based Gaussian smoothing kernel of full-width halfmaximum, equivalent to 485 iterations in an iterative near ...
MIRROR NEURON FUNCTION: AN EXAMINATION OF
... food does not move his fingers. Another important aspect is that activation ceases when the food is made available to him. Whereas, if these neurons were related to pre-motor neurons then activation would have increased in response to preparation of movement execution, not decreased. This supports t ...
... food does not move his fingers. Another important aspect is that activation ceases when the food is made available to him. Whereas, if these neurons were related to pre-motor neurons then activation would have increased in response to preparation of movement execution, not decreased. This supports t ...
No Slide Title
... and fixed input, there are just three possibilities for the asymptotic state: 1. The state vector comes to rest, i.e. the unit activations stop changing. This is called a fixed point. For given input data, the region of initial states which settles into a fixed point is called its basin of attractio ...
... and fixed input, there are just three possibilities for the asymptotic state: 1. The state vector comes to rest, i.e. the unit activations stop changing. This is called a fixed point. For given input data, the region of initial states which settles into a fixed point is called its basin of attractio ...
Region-specific effects of hypothyroidism on the relative expression
... Recent knockout and knock-in studies in mice and the use of synthetic TR agonists revealed common as well as divergent actions of the TR isoforms, indicating that the relative expression of each TR isoform in each target tissue may regulate the specific response of these tissues to T3 [25–29]. Knock ...
... Recent knockout and knock-in studies in mice and the use of synthetic TR agonists revealed common as well as divergent actions of the TR isoforms, indicating that the relative expression of each TR isoform in each target tissue may regulate the specific response of these tissues to T3 [25–29]. Knock ...