Number and Laminar Distribution of Neurons in a
... Accuracy of Manual Counting To determine the precision of the slicing and counting method, the following control experiments were made: 1) The inter-user variability of the counting algorithm was found to be small: in a region from L4 with a very high soma density, 3 observers counted 487 ± 2.1% neu ...
... Accuracy of Manual Counting To determine the precision of the slicing and counting method, the following control experiments were made: 1) The inter-user variability of the counting algorithm was found to be small: in a region from L4 with a very high soma density, 3 observers counted 487 ± 2.1% neu ...
studying the isolated central nervous system
... Working in Physiology, together with Mike Laverack, I showed that tissue extracts from the snail had a cardio acceleratory activity in addition to that produced by 5 HT. I was also interested in the effect of sudden temperature changes on the nervous systems and, with Brian Taylor, showed that a sud ...
... Working in Physiology, together with Mike Laverack, I showed that tissue extracts from the snail had a cardio acceleratory activity in addition to that produced by 5 HT. I was also interested in the effect of sudden temperature changes on the nervous systems and, with Brian Taylor, showed that a sud ...
Functional Organization of the Cat Visual Cortex in Relation to the
... Extracellular recordings were conducted after the final optical imaging session. Recording sites were determined using the cortical blood vessel patterns as a reference, and glass-coated platinum-iridium microelectrodes (1–2 M⍀ at 1 kHz) were placed using a hydraulic microdrive (MO-95, Narishige, To ...
... Extracellular recordings were conducted after the final optical imaging session. Recording sites were determined using the cortical blood vessel patterns as a reference, and glass-coated platinum-iridium microelectrodes (1–2 M⍀ at 1 kHz) were placed using a hydraulic microdrive (MO-95, Narishige, To ...
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala
... 1980). These two variables can simply be conceived as components of the current mental state. Two mental states correspond to different emotions when at least one of the two mental state variables—valence or intensity—is significantly different. Thus, variables describing emotions have the same ontol ...
... 1980). These two variables can simply be conceived as components of the current mental state. Two mental states correspond to different emotions when at least one of the two mental state variables—valence or intensity—is significantly different. Thus, variables describing emotions have the same ontol ...
Low Quality
... says. That’s not enough to make up for missing out on eating, mating or any of the other waking activities an animal does to survive. “It’s a few more nuts. It’s not worth it. You’d rather be awake avoiding predators,” he says. But sleep must provide some benefit that outweighs waking activities, Kr ...
... says. That’s not enough to make up for missing out on eating, mating or any of the other waking activities an animal does to survive. “It’s a few more nuts. It’s not worth it. You’d rather be awake avoiding predators,” he says. But sleep must provide some benefit that outweighs waking activities, Kr ...
Circuit Architecture of VTA Dopamine Neurons Revealed by
... including a previously unappreciated top-down reinforcing circuit from anterior cortex to lateral nucleus accumbens via VTA-DA neurons. This study highlights the utility of our viral-genetic tracing strategies to elucidate the complex neural substrates that underlie motivated behaviors. INTRODUCTION ...
... including a previously unappreciated top-down reinforcing circuit from anterior cortex to lateral nucleus accumbens via VTA-DA neurons. This study highlights the utility of our viral-genetic tracing strategies to elucidate the complex neural substrates that underlie motivated behaviors. INTRODUCTION ...
A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... moved either on a circular path (6234 ms per cycle) in the frontoparallel plane or were expanding/contracting radially (7333 ms per cycle with the stimulus moving for 1634 ms in each direction; stimulus presentation was interrupted by two phases where dots first appeared on a black screen and paused ...
... moved either on a circular path (6234 ms per cycle) in the frontoparallel plane or were expanding/contracting radially (7333 ms per cycle with the stimulus moving for 1634 ms in each direction; stimulus presentation was interrupted by two phases where dots first appeared on a black screen and paused ...
... to habitual, compulsive drug abuse. Some have analysed if cocaine alterations are associated with consumption patterns, effect of abstinence and treatment maintenance. This thesis aims to give more evidence regarding the brain changes subserving alterations in cognitive and motivational processing i ...
Neural Correlates of Object-Associated Choice Behavior
... Task-factor analysis and multicollinearity control. Neurons that significantly modulated their activity during the task events were further subjected to a two-way ANOVA with the object category (toy and egg) and spatial choice (left and right touch responses) as main factors. If the ANOVA showed sig ...
... Task-factor analysis and multicollinearity control. Neurons that significantly modulated their activity during the task events were further subjected to a two-way ANOVA with the object category (toy and egg) and spatial choice (left and right touch responses) as main factors. If the ANOVA showed sig ...
Hindbrain noradrenergic A2 neurons: diverse roles in autonomic
... diffuse short distances through the extracellular space to bind to cognate receptors (cf. Ref. 190). A subset of individual A2 neurons have axon collaterals that innervate both the PVN as well as the CeA and/or alBST in rats (16, 20, 185, 234). In addition, some A2 neurons project both to brain stem ...
... diffuse short distances through the extracellular space to bind to cognate receptors (cf. Ref. 190). A subset of individual A2 neurons have axon collaterals that innervate both the PVN as well as the CeA and/or alBST in rats (16, 20, 185, 234). In addition, some A2 neurons project both to brain stem ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organization (Montero, Rojas and Torrealba, I973). Furthermore, lesions produced by the recording electrodes placed in the primary visual area showed that its boundary coincides with that of the closely packed granule cells of ...
... the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organization (Montero, Rojas and Torrealba, I973). Furthermore, lesions produced by the recording electrodes placed in the primary visual area showed that its boundary coincides with that of the closely packed granule cells of ...
Mental rotation and object categorization share a common network
... and adjacent dorsal occipital cortex, especially in the right hemisphere, as the degree of rotation is increased, implicating this dorsal stream region specifically in the scaling of mental rotation task performance with angular disparity (Carpenter et al., 1999; Harris et al., 2000; Podzebenko et a ...
... and adjacent dorsal occipital cortex, especially in the right hemisphere, as the degree of rotation is increased, implicating this dorsal stream region specifically in the scaling of mental rotation task performance with angular disparity (Carpenter et al., 1999; Harris et al., 2000; Podzebenko et a ...
Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... Elucidating the function of cortical networks requires an interplay between anatomical and physiological analyses, as has been emphasized repeatedly by earlier reviews of cortical function (e.g. Douglas and Martin, 2007; O’Connor et al., 2009). Such an interactive approach will provide mechanistic i ...
... Elucidating the function of cortical networks requires an interplay between anatomical and physiological analyses, as has been emphasized repeatedly by earlier reviews of cortical function (e.g. Douglas and Martin, 2007; O’Connor et al., 2009). Such an interactive approach will provide mechanistic i ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation by
... Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience ...
... Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience ...
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... however, unlike the separation between the sensory and motor pathways in primates, corticospinal (motor) projections course in the dorsal columns in rodents (Hicks and D’Amato, 1975; D’Amato and Hicks, 1978; Vahlsing and Feringa, 1980; Paxino and Watson, 2007). Therefore, dorsal column lesions in ro ...
... however, unlike the separation between the sensory and motor pathways in primates, corticospinal (motor) projections course in the dorsal columns in rodents (Hicks and D’Amato, 1975; D’Amato and Hicks, 1978; Vahlsing and Feringa, 1980; Paxino and Watson, 2007). Therefore, dorsal column lesions in ro ...
Turning on the alarm - Center for Healthy Minds
... Towards this goal, this study examined BOLD response profiles across a range of temperatures spanning the pain threshold. 14 healthy adults underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while a range of thermal stimuli (44–49 °C) were applied. BOLD responses showed a sigmoidal profile along t ...
... Towards this goal, this study examined BOLD response profiles across a range of temperatures spanning the pain threshold. 14 healthy adults underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while a range of thermal stimuli (44–49 °C) were applied. BOLD responses showed a sigmoidal profile along t ...
SECTION A.1 – ELECTRICAL IMBALANCE IN AUTISM A. Evidence
... they dampen, diminish or divert the signal. Two neurotransmitters are particularly important in this regard. Glutamate is the brain’s primary excitatory neurotransmitter, constituting about 50% of the total volume of neurotransmitters in the brain. GABA is the brain’s main inhibitory neurotransmitte ...
... they dampen, diminish or divert the signal. Two neurotransmitters are particularly important in this regard. Glutamate is the brain’s primary excitatory neurotransmitter, constituting about 50% of the total volume of neurotransmitters in the brain. GABA is the brain’s main inhibitory neurotransmitte ...
In Vivo Evaluation of White Matter Integrity and Anterograde
... been recently shown to reveal white matter integrity in normal, developing and diseased visual systems in rodent models under high magnetic field strengths.30–35 In particular, the measurements of water diffusion parallel and perpendicular to the nerve fibers have been suggested to be sensitive to a ...
... been recently shown to reveal white matter integrity in normal, developing and diseased visual systems in rodent models under high magnetic field strengths.30–35 In particular, the measurements of water diffusion parallel and perpendicular to the nerve fibers have been suggested to be sensitive to a ...
Relationship of Prefrontal Connections to Inhibitory Systems in Superior Temporal
... evidence in both human and non-human primates that all prefrontal cortices have a role in inhibitory control, albeit within the domain of their specialization (for reviews see Shimamura, 1995; Roberts and Wallis, 2000). The phenomenon of inhibitory control is exemplified at the functional level in th ...
... evidence in both human and non-human primates that all prefrontal cortices have a role in inhibitory control, albeit within the domain of their specialization (for reviews see Shimamura, 1995; Roberts and Wallis, 2000). The phenomenon of inhibitory control is exemplified at the functional level in th ...
A Novel Mechanism and Treatment Target for Presynaptic
... models of functional disturbances in schizophrenia emphasize disinhibitory processes, acting through GABA, glutamate, and dopamine neurotransmission to affect the firing patterns of local networks of cortical neurons (Lewis and Sweet, 2009; Lisman et al, 2008). Striatal processes are also critically ...
... models of functional disturbances in schizophrenia emphasize disinhibitory processes, acting through GABA, glutamate, and dopamine neurotransmission to affect the firing patterns of local networks of cortical neurons (Lewis and Sweet, 2009; Lisman et al, 2008). Striatal processes are also critically ...
Reconsidering anhedonia in depression
... 2000, p. 349). In other words, clinical diagnosis of anhedonia does not discriminate between a decrease in motivation and a reduction in experienced pleasure. The failure to draw such a distinction may reflect the long-held assumption that people are motivated to pursue the things they find pleasurabl ...
... 2000, p. 349). In other words, clinical diagnosis of anhedonia does not discriminate between a decrease in motivation and a reduction in experienced pleasure. The failure to draw such a distinction may reflect the long-held assumption that people are motivated to pursue the things they find pleasurabl ...
Forelimb use after focal cerebral ischemia in rats treated with an a2
... probe (Harvard Homeothermic Blanket Control Unit, 507061). After 120 min of MCA occlusion, the filament was removed and the external carotid artery was permanently closed by electrocoagulation. In the present study, blood pressure or blood gases were not measured, because cannulation of a femoral ar ...
... probe (Harvard Homeothermic Blanket Control Unit, 507061). After 120 min of MCA occlusion, the filament was removed and the external carotid artery was permanently closed by electrocoagulation. In the present study, blood pressure or blood gases were not measured, because cannulation of a femoral ar ...
Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Associative - ACT-R
... Dosenbach et al. 2006). They argue that activity in all these regions may reflect more general processes than just memory. Based on the ACT-R theory (Anderson, Bothell, et al. 2004), we have developed an interpretation of the activity in this circuit (e.g., Anderson 2005; Anderson et al. 2007; Danker ...
... Dosenbach et al. 2006). They argue that activity in all these regions may reflect more general processes than just memory. Based on the ACT-R theory (Anderson, Bothell, et al. 2004), we have developed an interpretation of the activity in this circuit (e.g., Anderson 2005; Anderson et al. 2007; Danker ...