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31.1 The Neuron Functions of the Nervous System and external
31.1 The Neuron Functions of the Nervous System and external

... position and coordinates the actions of these muscles. The brain stem connects the brain and spinal cord. It regulates the flow of information between the brain and the rest of the body. Addiction and the Brain Almost all ad addictive substances affect brain synapses. Many drugs cause an increase in ...
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters

... • Involved in memory • Oversupply can overstimulate the brain, producing migraines or seizures ...
Memory Lecture
Memory Lecture

...  Long term storage of procedural memory is in other areas Fig. 31.8  Alzheimer’s disease Box 31D  Diagnosed by impairment of memory and attention followed by failure of language skills, visual-spatial orientation, abstract thinking, judgement and eventually personality.  Diagnosis confirmed by a ...
Advanced Biology\AB U14 Nervous System
Advanced Biology\AB U14 Nervous System

... Thirty one pairs of nerves travel through the spinal column to innervate the body. Any injury to the spinal cord or the nerves as they exit the spinal column, can result in pain or paralysis. Probably the best known nerve is the sciatic nerve. It is the largest nerve. It exits between lumbar vertebr ...
brain anatomy - Madison Area Technical College
brain anatomy - Madison Area Technical College

... preserved specimens available in lab. The outermost of these, the dura mater, forms a tough, relatively opaque protective sheet. The middle of the three meninges, the arachnoid, adheres closely to the dura. A space between the arachnoid and pia mater, the subarachnoid space, contains ce rebrospina l ...
The Special Senses
The Special Senses

... Special Senses • Olfaction, gustation, equilibrium, hearing, & vision • Found within complex sense organs • Pass information along the cranial nerves to specific areas of the cerebral cortex. ...
Lesson Overview
Lesson Overview

... Each hemisphere deals with the opposite side of the body. • Sensations from one side of the body go to the opposite hemisphere of the cerebrum, • Commands to move muscles on one side of the body go to the opposite hemisphere ...
institute for translational neuroscience at northwestern medicine
institute for translational neuroscience at northwestern medicine

... aging can impair brain function and deprive us of the ability to lead a happy and productive life. The challenge we face is to find ways of stopping and reversing the effects of disease and injury. As our population ages and becomes more vulnerable, this challenge takes on a growing sense of urgency ...
Bio_257_Unit_3_17
Bio_257_Unit_3_17

... tracts running b/w higher and lower neural centers. • Consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. – Each region is about an inch in length. • Microscopically, it consists of deep gray matter surrounded by white matter fiber tracts. • Produce automatic behaviors necessary for survival! ...
Can Digital Games Be a Way of Improving the Neuroplasticity in
Can Digital Games Be a Way of Improving the Neuroplasticity in

... this study, researchers identified new neurons and observed neurogenesis occurring in the hippocampal region, a brain region that controls certain types of memory [16]. Studies have shown through the used PET, and MRI brain scanning technology, those new neural cells are generated through life as we ...
Dr.Kaan Yücel yeditepeanatomyfhs122.wordpress.com Pathways in
Dr.Kaan Yücel yeditepeanatomyfhs122.wordpress.com Pathways in

... Another function of the system; short-term memory (also emotional memory) is also important for “survival”. The limbic system works to process our emotions and is related to motivation and with its connections with the cognitive parts of the brain helps us to “use our mind” a.k.a. accomplish mental ...
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM aka CNS
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM aka CNS

... your vertebral canal, but the spinal cord does not grow much during puberty, unlike the remaining body. There are numerous ventral & dorsal roots at the end of the spinal cord, the cauda equina [ = horse tail ], which fill the lumbar & sacral vertebral canal. The gray matter is much thicker in the l ...
Slide ()
Slide ()

... The paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus is a microcosm of neuroendocrine, autonomic, and sensory-motor integration. The three structuralfunctional divisions of the paraventricular nucleus are shown. The magnocellular neuroendocrine division comprises two distinct although partly interdigitat ...
Slide ()
Slide ()

... The paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus is a microcosm of neuroendocrine, autonomic, and sensory-motor integration. The three structuralfunctional divisions of the paraventricular nucleus are shown. The magnocellular neuroendocrine division comprises two distinct although partly interdigitat ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... establishment of connections 7. Elimination of certain connections and functional stabilization of others ...
the brain - Dr Magrann
the brain - Dr Magrann

...  Dopamine plays a major role in the brain system that is responsible for rewarddriven learning. Every type of reward that has been studied increases the level of dopamine transmission in the brain, and a variety of highly addictive drugs, including stimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamine, ac ...
Consciousness
Consciousness

... But the dosages of all sedatives need to be steadily increased to obtain the initial impact Alcohol and opiates also reduce the reuptake of dopamine, thereby leaving more dopamine in our synapses, causing addiction to the sense of pleasure ...
What and Where Pathways
What and Where Pathways

... Method for Contrast Sensitivity • Measure contrast threshold by decreasing intensity of grating until person can just see it. • Calculate the contrast sensitivity by taking ...
Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System

... •Large amount of adrenaline pumped into the body to put us in a state of increased alertness •Blood is redirected away from the extremities to the large muscles of the body •The heart starts working harder to move the blood to the large muscle groups as quickly as it can •Increase in Respiratory Rat ...
Intelligence and Patterns - Paradigm Shift International
Intelligence and Patterns - Paradigm Shift International

... colliculus before and during microsaccades. He not only discovered that the superior colliculus is an integral part of the neural mechanism that controls microsaccades, but he also found that individual neurons in the superior colliculus are highly specific about which particular microsaccade direct ...
Drug Sensitivity
Drug Sensitivity

... •damages dopamine cells ...
The effect of visual experience on the development of the mirror
The effect of visual experience on the development of the mirror

... Visual perception and visual imagery share common cortical regions within the parietal lobes. The extrastriate cortex of the dorsal pathway for spatial localization can process stimuli independently from the sensory modality that conveys the information to the brain and thus appears to be organized ...
The Special Senses
The Special Senses

... Special Senses • Olfaction, gustation, equilibrium, hearing, & vision • Found within complex sense organs • Pass information along the cranial nerves to specific areas of the cerebral cortex. ...
The Science of Psychology
The Science of Psychology

... Overview of Nervous System • Nervous System - an extensive network of specialized cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body. • Neuroscience – deals with the structure and function of neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue. • Relationship to behavior and learning. ...
brain
brain

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Aging brain

Age is a major risk factor for most common neurodegenerative diseases, including Mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease and Lou Gehrig's disease. While much research has focused on diseases of aging, there are few informative studies on the molecular biology of the aging brain (usually spelled ageing brain in British English) in the absence of neurodegenerative disease or the neuropsychological profile of healthy older adults. However, research does suggest that the aging process is associated with several structural, chemical, and functional changes in the brain as well as a host of neurocognitive changes. Recent reports in model organisms suggest that as organisms age, there are distinct changes in the expression of genes at the single neuron level. This page is devoted to reviewing the changes associated with healthy aging.
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