CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps
... are somatotopic; that is, neighboring cortical regions respond to neighboring skin sites. Similarly, the auditory and visual cortex are organized according to tonotopic and retinotopic coordinates, respectively. A decade and a half of research has shown that these maps are not static in adults, but ...
... are somatotopic; that is, neighboring cortical regions respond to neighboring skin sites. Similarly, the auditory and visual cortex are organized according to tonotopic and retinotopic coordinates, respectively. A decade and a half of research has shown that these maps are not static in adults, but ...
Gao JCN 2000 - Georgia State University
... used to examine the emergence, distribution, and morphology of PV- and CB-ir neurons in V1 and AI of ferrets. The neuronal morphology and areal and laminar distribution of both PV-ir and CB-ir neurons were qualitatively observed in cortical areas V1 and AI from each age group. For quantitative analy ...
... used to examine the emergence, distribution, and morphology of PV- and CB-ir neurons in V1 and AI of ferrets. The neuronal morphology and areal and laminar distribution of both PV-ir and CB-ir neurons were qualitatively observed in cortical areas V1 and AI from each age group. For quantitative analy ...
The Placebo Effect
... Parkinson’s disease. Expectation plays a key role in Parkinson’s disease as well. Expectation of either good or bad motor performance has been found to modulate the therapeutic effects of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson patients (25, 26) and this effect is independent of previous conditioning (1 ...
... Parkinson’s disease. Expectation plays a key role in Parkinson’s disease as well. Expectation of either good or bad motor performance has been found to modulate the therapeutic effects of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson patients (25, 26) and this effect is independent of previous conditioning (1 ...
Eyeblink Conditioning During an Interstimulus Interval Switch in
... receptor complex on interpositus cells. Although this manipulation has been presented as a reversible disconnection of cerebellar cortex (e.g., Garcia & Mauk, 1998), alternative pharmacological manipulations that may represent a more complete disconnection of cerebellar cortex have been described (B ...
... receptor complex on interpositus cells. Although this manipulation has been presented as a reversible disconnection of cerebellar cortex (e.g., Garcia & Mauk, 1998), alternative pharmacological manipulations that may represent a more complete disconnection of cerebellar cortex have been described (B ...
Functional Organization in the Motor Cortex
... tuning within a voxel. My findings show that voxels in M1 are directionally tuned, suggesting functional organization. This directional tuning was shown using several analytical tools: (1) I showed directly that when aligning the tuning curve of voxels to their PD (defined as the direction in which ...
... tuning within a voxel. My findings show that voxels in M1 are directionally tuned, suggesting functional organization. This directional tuning was shown using several analytical tools: (1) I showed directly that when aligning the tuning curve of voxels to their PD (defined as the direction in which ...
Subunit Composition of N-Methyl-D
... Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C. 20007 Received September 24, 1997; Accepted November 27, 1997 ...
... Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C. 20007 Received September 24, 1997; Accepted November 27, 1997 ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... (28). We have previously shown that activation of FTG neurons increases systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and decreases heart rate (HR) (28). However, the neural mechanisms mediating these cardiovascular responses were not known. Various nuclei in the medulla oblongata are essential for regulat ...
... (28). We have previously shown that activation of FTG neurons increases systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and decreases heart rate (HR) (28). However, the neural mechanisms mediating these cardiovascular responses were not known. Various nuclei in the medulla oblongata are essential for regulat ...
A zebrafish model of CLN2 disease is deficient in
... the retina and brain. Currently there are no effective therapies for this disease, which causes premature death in adolescence. Zebrafish have been successfully used to model a range of neurological and behavioural abnormalities. The aim of this study was to characterize the pathological and functio ...
... the retina and brain. Currently there are no effective therapies for this disease, which causes premature death in adolescence. Zebrafish have been successfully used to model a range of neurological and behavioural abnormalities. The aim of this study was to characterize the pathological and functio ...
Limbic structures, emotion, and memory
... respect to the exact position on the retina, size, and even view. Forming invariant representations involves a great deal of cortical computation in the hierarchy of visual cortical areas from the primary visual cortex V1 to the inferior temporal visual cortex (Rolls, 2008d, 2012a, 2016c). The funda ...
... respect to the exact position on the retina, size, and even view. Forming invariant representations involves a great deal of cortical computation in the hierarchy of visual cortical areas from the primary visual cortex V1 to the inferior temporal visual cortex (Rolls, 2008d, 2012a, 2016c). The funda ...
GABA-Based Evaluation of Neurologic Conditions: MR Spectroscopy
... GABA, glutamine, glutamate, glucose, and others.7 These attempts have not always been successful due to difficulties in extracting this type of information from spectra with overlapping resonant peaks. Another limitation of current MR spectroscopy methods concerns the difficulty of comparing levels ...
... GABA, glutamine, glutamate, glucose, and others.7 These attempts have not always been successful due to difficulties in extracting this type of information from spectra with overlapping resonant peaks. Another limitation of current MR spectroscopy methods concerns the difficulty of comparing levels ...
Chemosensory Convergence on Primary Olfactory Cortex
... taste input affects olfactory processing via a specialized “association” area, such as the orbitofrontal cortex (Rolls and Baylis, 1994) or amygdala (Desgranges et al., 2010). However, it is also possible that the gustatory system directly influences olfactory processing at “earlier” processing leve ...
... taste input affects olfactory processing via a specialized “association” area, such as the orbitofrontal cortex (Rolls and Baylis, 1994) or amygdala (Desgranges et al., 2010). However, it is also possible that the gustatory system directly influences olfactory processing at “earlier” processing leve ...
Inan et al., 2006
... washed with PBS three times and mounted with Fluoromount-G (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA). Nissl staining and analysis of barrel cytoarchitecture. Nissl stain, which marks neuronal nuclei, was used to reveal cortical barrel cytoarchitecture. Briefly, animals were perfused transcardiall ...
... washed with PBS three times and mounted with Fluoromount-G (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA). Nissl staining and analysis of barrel cytoarchitecture. Nissl stain, which marks neuronal nuclei, was used to reveal cortical barrel cytoarchitecture. Briefly, animals were perfused transcardiall ...
Thalamocortical neuron loss and localized astrocytosis in the Cln3
... between sensory and motor cortex (Bible et al., 2004; Cooper et al., 1999; Mitchison et al., 1999; Pontikis et al., 2004). Our analysis of these regions in homozygous Cln3 Dex7/8 mice also revealed different degrees of cortical thinning and selective effects upon cortical neuron number, together wit ...
... between sensory and motor cortex (Bible et al., 2004; Cooper et al., 1999; Mitchison et al., 1999; Pontikis et al., 2004). Our analysis of these regions in homozygous Cln3 Dex7/8 mice also revealed different degrees of cortical thinning and selective effects upon cortical neuron number, together wit ...
ATTENTIONAL MODULATION OF VISUAL PROCESSING John H
... of luminance contrast, two of which (5%, bottom panel, and 10%, middle panel) were too faint to elicit a response. That is, they were both below the neuron’s contrast-response threshold. The third contrast (80%, top panel) was above the level of contrast at which the neuronal response saturated. The ...
... of luminance contrast, two of which (5%, bottom panel, and 10%, middle panel) were too faint to elicit a response. That is, they were both below the neuron’s contrast-response threshold. The third contrast (80%, top panel) was above the level of contrast at which the neuronal response saturated. The ...
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... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
Head Injury and Intracranial Hypertension
... • Goals of resuscitation and treatment is to minimize secondary ischemic brain injury by promoting and preserving cerebral perfusion – Prevent or treat post injury hypotension – Prevent or treat hypoxemia and reduce oxygen demand of the brain – Prevent or treat intracranial ...
... • Goals of resuscitation and treatment is to minimize secondary ischemic brain injury by promoting and preserving cerebral perfusion – Prevent or treat post injury hypotension – Prevent or treat hypoxemia and reduce oxygen demand of the brain – Prevent or treat intracranial ...
Carlsson J Neurosci 2007 (pdf 2,2 MB)
... Arai et al., 1994, 1995; Maeda et al., 2005). In dopaminergic terminals DA release is controlled via DA reuptake by the DA transporter (DAT) and D2 autoreceptor feedback control. However, in the absence of any autoregulatory control mechanisms, DA released from serotonin terminals is likely to show ...
... Arai et al., 1994, 1995; Maeda et al., 2005). In dopaminergic terminals DA release is controlled via DA reuptake by the DA transporter (DAT) and D2 autoreceptor feedback control. However, in the absence of any autoregulatory control mechanisms, DA released from serotonin terminals is likely to show ...
Extracellular Glutamate, Glutamine, and GABA in the Hippocampus
... Epilepsy, a disorder characterized by repeated unprovoked seizures, affects 1-3% of the population (1). Epilepsy is broadly classified as localization-related or generalized, depending on whether it originates in one hemisphere or involves the cortex bilaterally, respectively. Epilepsy can be furthe ...
... Epilepsy, a disorder characterized by repeated unprovoked seizures, affects 1-3% of the population (1). Epilepsy is broadly classified as localization-related or generalized, depending on whether it originates in one hemisphere or involves the cortex bilaterally, respectively. Epilepsy can be furthe ...
A quantitative link between face discrimination deficits and neuronal
... activation level observed in fMRI experiments may not necessarily correlate with behavioral performance. FMRI studies of face processing have commonly focused on comparing the average BOLDcontrast response to different classes of stimuli (e.g., faces vs. houses). However, because of the limited spat ...
... activation level observed in fMRI experiments may not necessarily correlate with behavioral performance. FMRI studies of face processing have commonly focused on comparing the average BOLDcontrast response to different classes of stimuli (e.g., faces vs. houses). However, because of the limited spat ...
Calcium homeostasis in aging neurons
... et al., 2007), show that at least some PMCAs play a more specific role in local Ca2+ handling. In addition, a growing number of specific PMCA-interacting proteins have been identified with regulatory, targeting, and signaling functions. These findings support a new paradigm, whereby PMCAs are not only r ...
... et al., 2007), show that at least some PMCAs play a more specific role in local Ca2+ handling. In addition, a growing number of specific PMCA-interacting proteins have been identified with regulatory, targeting, and signaling functions. These findings support a new paradigm, whereby PMCAs are not only r ...
Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function Wiley
... After an overview of neurotransmitter systems and function and a consideration of which substances can be classified as neurotransmitters, section A deals with their release, effects on neuronal excitability and receptor interaction. The synaptic physiology and pharmacology and possible brain functi ...
... After an overview of neurotransmitter systems and function and a consideration of which substances can be classified as neurotransmitters, section A deals with their release, effects on neuronal excitability and receptor interaction. The synaptic physiology and pharmacology and possible brain functi ...
Neural substrates for conditioned taste aversion in the rat.
... proceed under deep pentobarbital anesthesia. CTAs have been well documented [7,19,22,24,57,126] in terms of their behavioral mechanisms and phenomenological aspects since the pioneering studies by Garcia and ...
... proceed under deep pentobarbital anesthesia. CTAs have been well documented [7,19,22,24,57,126] in terms of their behavioral mechanisms and phenomenological aspects since the pioneering studies by Garcia and ...
166 - UCSF Physiology - University of California, San Francisco
... recombinase. We confirmed the deletion the absence of detergent in the procedure. g, Western blot analysis of 1 integrin expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocamof 1 integrin gene by examining its pro- pus (hippo.) of wild-type (wt) and mutant (mt) animals. Relative expression levels of 1 i ...
... recombinase. We confirmed the deletion the absence of detergent in the procedure. g, Western blot analysis of 1 integrin expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocamof 1 integrin gene by examining its pro- pus (hippo.) of wild-type (wt) and mutant (mt) animals. Relative expression levels of 1 i ...
... 5% of worldwide population. Until recently, symptoms were thought to ameliorate with age. However, a recent 10 year follow-up study indicated that 35% of paediatric patients still meet criteria and it’s been estimated that affects between 3 and 7% of adult population. Even thought the exact neurobio ...