Molecular Interaction between COP1 and HY5
... with COP1. Hence, HY5 consists of at least two distinct functional modules, one for the presumed dimerization and DNA-binding activity (the bZIP domain) and the other for interacting with COP1. The Overall Structure of COP1 Is Crucial for Its Interaction with HY5 In a parallel experiment to dissect ...
... with COP1. Hence, HY5 consists of at least two distinct functional modules, one for the presumed dimerization and DNA-binding activity (the bZIP domain) and the other for interacting with COP1. The Overall Structure of COP1 Is Crucial for Its Interaction with HY5 In a parallel experiment to dissect ...
The Serratia gene cluster encoding biosynthesis of the red antibiotic
... Previous attempts to reconstitute prodigiosin production in Escherichia coli have been unsuccessful. Dauenhauer et al. (1984) isolated a S. marcescens genomic clone capable of condensing the two prodigiosin precursors, MAP and MBC, to form prodigiosin. However, no sequence data were reported for thi ...
... Previous attempts to reconstitute prodigiosin production in Escherichia coli have been unsuccessful. Dauenhauer et al. (1984) isolated a S. marcescens genomic clone capable of condensing the two prodigiosin precursors, MAP and MBC, to form prodigiosin. However, no sequence data were reported for thi ...
Haem biosynthesis and excretion of porphyrins
... All cells are able to handle haem left over from the breakdown of haem proteins, thus preventing toxic accumulation of the compound. Haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1, EC 1.14.99.3), situated in the endoplasmic reticulum, is considered as a heat shock protein that is ubiquitously expressed, but is present in e ...
... All cells are able to handle haem left over from the breakdown of haem proteins, thus preventing toxic accumulation of the compound. Haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1, EC 1.14.99.3), situated in the endoplasmic reticulum, is considered as a heat shock protein that is ubiquitously expressed, but is present in e ...
Maintaining Ideal Yeast Health: Nutrients Yeast Need
... Maintaining Ideal Yeast Health: Nutrients Yeast Need ...
... Maintaining Ideal Yeast Health: Nutrients Yeast Need ...
A Simple Introduction to NCBI BLAST
... Now that we have a better understanding on the organization of a BLAST report, we are ready to interpret our blastn results. From the graphical overview and the description list (Figures 6a and 6b), we notice the top eight hits show much more significant alignments (with E-values of 0.0) compared to ...
... Now that we have a better understanding on the organization of a BLAST report, we are ready to interpret our blastn results. From the graphical overview and the description list (Figures 6a and 6b), we notice the top eight hits show much more significant alignments (with E-values of 0.0) compared to ...
Predictable Alteration of Sequence Recognition by RNA
... The Arabidopsis plastid protein CLB19 consists of 10 PPR motifs and is required for editing of two plastid transcripts, clpP and rpoA (Chateigner-Boutin et al., 2008). Alignments of CLB19 to both RNA targets show a mismatch and five matches (excluding L motifs) to the previously proposed RNA recognit ...
... The Arabidopsis plastid protein CLB19 consists of 10 PPR motifs and is required for editing of two plastid transcripts, clpP and rpoA (Chateigner-Boutin et al., 2008). Alignments of CLB19 to both RNA targets show a mismatch and five matches (excluding L motifs) to the previously proposed RNA recognit ...
Zebra Finch Glucokinase Containing Two Homologous Halves Is an
... have been cut into two halves. N-half of the predicted Zebra finch GK can be found on the branch with other glucokinase. It is situated in the same clade with Gallus gallus and Anolis carolinensis glucokinase, while two later proteins show more similarity with each other than with N-half of Taeniopy ...
... have been cut into two halves. N-half of the predicted Zebra finch GK can be found on the branch with other glucokinase. It is situated in the same clade with Gallus gallus and Anolis carolinensis glucokinase, while two later proteins show more similarity with each other than with N-half of Taeniopy ...
Salcedo-SoraAndMcAul
... http://vanted.ipkgatersleben.de/).31 We then converted this biochemical network into a series of reactions (Table 1 and Table S1, ESI†) and asembled them in Version 4.14.89 of the modelling and simulation software tool Copasi.32 The initial velocity of each reaction is underpinned by a rate law that ...
... http://vanted.ipkgatersleben.de/).31 We then converted this biochemical network into a series of reactions (Table 1 and Table S1, ESI†) and asembled them in Version 4.14.89 of the modelling and simulation software tool Copasi.32 The initial velocity of each reaction is underpinned by a rate law that ...
... reticulum (Tordo and Kouknetzoff, 1993), the ectodomain that is exposed on the outer surface of the virion and includes the glycosylation, palmytolation and antigenic sites (Coulon et ai. , 1993), the transmembrane peptide that anchors the protein within the viral envelope (Tordo and Kouknetzoff, 19 ...
Identification of fungal oxaloacetate hydrolyase within the
... ability of fungi to produce oxalate with the presence of an oah gene in their genome. This task was made difficult by the fact that fungal genomes encode several OAH homologs having an unusually high level of shared sequence identity. Thus, identification of OAH activity in the gene product would re ...
... ability of fungi to produce oxalate with the presence of an oah gene in their genome. This task was made difficult by the fact that fungal genomes encode several OAH homologs having an unusually high level of shared sequence identity. Thus, identification of OAH activity in the gene product would re ...
Ethylene is involved in strawberry fruit ripening in an organ
... and both organs are connected through vascular bundles (Perkins-Veazie, 1995). These two organs, the achene and the receptacle, although highly interconnected throughout their developmental programmes, particularly at early developmental stages, are very different in terms of cell ontogeny and funct ...
... and both organs are connected through vascular bundles (Perkins-Veazie, 1995). These two organs, the achene and the receptacle, although highly interconnected throughout their developmental programmes, particularly at early developmental stages, are very different in terms of cell ontogeny and funct ...
View/Open - VUW research archive - Victoria University of Wellington
... Conditions for extraction and two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins were established. One hundred and seventy nine proteins were identified by MALDI mass spectrometry of tryptic digests of protein spots excised from Coomassie stained gels. All of the enzymes for conversion of glucose to ethano ...
... Conditions for extraction and two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins were established. One hundred and seventy nine proteins were identified by MALDI mass spectrometry of tryptic digests of protein spots excised from Coomassie stained gels. All of the enzymes for conversion of glucose to ethano ...
Comparison of Genes Encoding Enzymes of Sterol Biosynthesis
... Sterols are ubiquitous membrane lipid components found in eukaryotic organisms. Sterols are known to serve novel functions in eukaryotes. Sterol biosynthesis pathways differ among fungi, plants and vertebrates. Lipid biosynthesis has been extensively studied in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisi ...
... Sterols are ubiquitous membrane lipid components found in eukaryotic organisms. Sterols are known to serve novel functions in eukaryotes. Sterol biosynthesis pathways differ among fungi, plants and vertebrates. Lipid biosynthesis has been extensively studied in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisi ...
mammalian hibernation: biochemical adaptation
... its body from cooling very much. Bears are fascinating in that they do not eat, drink, defecate, urinate, or lose muscle mass over the course of many months of winter hibernation. However, physiological data on bear hibernation are still pretty minimal and biochemical data are almost nonexistent, so ...
... its body from cooling very much. Bears are fascinating in that they do not eat, drink, defecate, urinate, or lose muscle mass over the course of many months of winter hibernation. However, physiological data on bear hibernation are still pretty minimal and biochemical data are almost nonexistent, so ...
Serine/Threonine Phosphatases
... PPP family. At least 100 putative PP1-binding R subunits have been identified, with many more expected to be found (Cohen, 2004; Moorhead et al., 2007). Analysis of known R subunits in diverse eukaryotic lineages suggests an explosive growth in the number of R subunits concurrent with the evolution ...
... PPP family. At least 100 putative PP1-binding R subunits have been identified, with many more expected to be found (Cohen, 2004; Moorhead et al., 2007). Analysis of known R subunits in diverse eukaryotic lineages suggests an explosive growth in the number of R subunits concurrent with the evolution ...
Practical Aspects of Estimating Energy Components in
... Supplemental Text 1: SNP report of the rs2403254 locus. The report contains knowledge of all genes within a 500 kbp distance of rs2403254, as retrieved from NCBI-Gene, ConsensusPathDB, UniProtKB, OMIM, Gene Ontology, TCDB, ExPASy and KEGG database. --------------------------------------------------- ...
... Supplemental Text 1: SNP report of the rs2403254 locus. The report contains knowledge of all genes within a 500 kbp distance of rs2403254, as retrieved from NCBI-Gene, ConsensusPathDB, UniProtKB, OMIM, Gene Ontology, TCDB, ExPASy and KEGG database. --------------------------------------------------- ...
Trade-offs between tRNA abundance and mRNA secondary
... To assess how differences in the relationship between codon choice and mRNA secondary structure affected translation, we used absolute expression data from a library of 29 DNA polymerase synonymous codon variants (36). In total, this contained 39 gene variants of which 30 exhibited measurable expre ...
... To assess how differences in the relationship between codon choice and mRNA secondary structure affected translation, we used absolute expression data from a library of 29 DNA polymerase synonymous codon variants (36). In total, this contained 39 gene variants of which 30 exhibited measurable expre ...
Exon skipping and reading through stop codons
... influence the progress of the disease with drug-like substances. But, with the exception of steroids, all this has not been done in living boys, but in their isolated muscle cells in the laboratory or in animals. However, clinical trials are being planned now for the near future, mainly trials with ...
... influence the progress of the disease with drug-like substances. But, with the exception of steroids, all this has not been done in living boys, but in their isolated muscle cells in the laboratory or in animals. However, clinical trials are being planned now for the near future, mainly trials with ...
Gene Section SOX10 (SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 10)
... with three alpha-helical regions and close similarity to the one found in the male sex determining factor SRY. SOX10 functions as transcription factor and structural protein in chromatin. SOX9 and SOX8 are its closest relatives among human SOX proteins. ...
... with three alpha-helical regions and close similarity to the one found in the male sex determining factor SRY. SOX10 functions as transcription factor and structural protein in chromatin. SOX9 and SOX8 are its closest relatives among human SOX proteins. ...
A model for mis-sense error in protein synthesis: mis
... error has not been measured quantitatively in any experiment on translational kinetics. It is worth pointing out that a mis-charging error is not always detrimental for biological function of a cell and are believed to play some regulatory roles under special conditions [17–20]. The dependence of th ...
... error has not been measured quantitatively in any experiment on translational kinetics. It is worth pointing out that a mis-charging error is not always detrimental for biological function of a cell and are believed to play some regulatory roles under special conditions [17–20]. The dependence of th ...
Distribution and phylogenies of enzymes of the Embden
... has gained wide acceptance, although it has detractors. However, even a putative RNA-based “organism” could have arisen only from a prebiotic chemical environment conducive to its existence (Poole et al. 1999). Although these theories and their associated predictions have done much to provide explan ...
... has gained wide acceptance, although it has detractors. However, even a putative RNA-based “organism” could have arisen only from a prebiotic chemical environment conducive to its existence (Poole et al. 1999). Although these theories and their associated predictions have done much to provide explan ...
Regulation of thiamine synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for
... committed step towards ethanol production in alcoholic fermentation requires the ThDP-dependent enzyme PDC to catalyse the irreversible conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide (Figure 1A). Thiamine was confirmed to be the most important factor affecting pyruvate production in Torulo ...
... committed step towards ethanol production in alcoholic fermentation requires the ThDP-dependent enzyme PDC to catalyse the irreversible conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide (Figure 1A). Thiamine was confirmed to be the most important factor affecting pyruvate production in Torulo ...
Origin of metabolism
... network is often associated with functional divisions in the more complex molecules that control metabolism, particularly the cofactors, showing that their metabolic role is also an evolutionary role. As carriers of electrons or essential functional groups, cofactors regulate kinetic bottlenecks in ...
... network is often associated with functional divisions in the more complex molecules that control metabolism, particularly the cofactors, showing that their metabolic role is also an evolutionary role. As carriers of electrons or essential functional groups, cofactors regulate kinetic bottlenecks in ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.