Physical and chemical interactions between
... in the vascular bundles of angiosperms. Together, they constitute a water circulation system with high rates of water intake by roots and water loss from the aerial parts, respectively (Fig. 1). The transport pipes in vascular bundles are composed of longitudinally arranged modules of xylem vessel e ...
... in the vascular bundles of angiosperms. Together, they constitute a water circulation system with high rates of water intake by roots and water loss from the aerial parts, respectively (Fig. 1). The transport pipes in vascular bundles are composed of longitudinally arranged modules of xylem vessel e ...
PDF - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
... rate of 5:6 105 mutations per nucleotide per tissueculture generation—a value similar to that estimated previously by others using a somewhat different experimental approach (Parvin et al. 1986). The rates of different types of mutations are in table 3 and possess expected features such as an ele ...
... rate of 5:6 105 mutations per nucleotide per tissueculture generation—a value similar to that estimated previously by others using a somewhat different experimental approach (Parvin et al. 1986). The rates of different types of mutations are in table 3 and possess expected features such as an ele ...
PCTPC201500105RAR1_pap_plantcell 1..17
... 2001; Marrott et al., 2014). Active site coupling was not demonstrated for GDC; however, formation of the GDC complex also requires multiple copies of each of the three enzyme components, the P-protein (the actual glycine decarboxylase; EC 1.4.4.2), T-protein (aminomethyltransferase; EC 2.1.2.10), a ...
... 2001; Marrott et al., 2014). Active site coupling was not demonstrated for GDC; however, formation of the GDC complex also requires multiple copies of each of the three enzyme components, the P-protein (the actual glycine decarboxylase; EC 1.4.4.2), T-protein (aminomethyltransferase; EC 2.1.2.10), a ...
Fungal viruses, hypovirulence, and biological control of Sclerotinia
... require senescing or dead foliar plant tissue to initiate saprophytic colonization, which is then followed by infection of healthy foliar plant tissues (Abawi and Grogan 1979; Boland and Hall 1987, 1988). There is limited asexual reproduction through the production of sclerotia that serve as surviva ...
... require senescing or dead foliar plant tissue to initiate saprophytic colonization, which is then followed by infection of healthy foliar plant tissues (Abawi and Grogan 1979; Boland and Hall 1987, 1988). There is limited asexual reproduction through the production of sclerotia that serve as surviva ...
Henry Potosnak
... Since different bacteriophages have specific adaptations to attach themselves to bacteria, each bacteriophage can attach to certain bacteria. The bacteria need the matching receptors to the bacteriophages’ adaptations. Bacteriophage virions cannot move independently, so they must rely on random enco ...
... Since different bacteriophages have specific adaptations to attach themselves to bacteria, each bacteriophage can attach to certain bacteria. The bacteria need the matching receptors to the bacteriophages’ adaptations. Bacteriophage virions cannot move independently, so they must rely on random enco ...
Altered pathogenicity, immunogenicity, tissue tropism and 3`
... small envelope (E). Although the S1 subunit of the S protein carries virus-neutralizing and serotype-specific determinants, the S2 subunit may also induce neutralizing antibodies, and IBV strains can be grouped by the sequence of S2 protein also vary between strains ...
... small envelope (E). Although the S1 subunit of the S protein carries virus-neutralizing and serotype-specific determinants, the S2 subunit may also induce neutralizing antibodies, and IBV strains can be grouped by the sequence of S2 protein also vary between strains ...
PPT - Napa Valley College
... -Produced in tubers when exposed to light – natural defense against herbivores. Chlorophyll content also increases (=> greening of the potato), but bitter taste indicates solanine buildup. - Disrupts cellular ion balance, leads to cell death. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea in vertebrates. ...
... -Produced in tubers when exposed to light – natural defense against herbivores. Chlorophyll content also increases (=> greening of the potato), but bitter taste indicates solanine buildup. - Disrupts cellular ion balance, leads to cell death. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea in vertebrates. ...
Book Review Layout
... only with messenger RNAs, usually considered simply to be the intermediary from DNA to proteins. The unique aspect of the book RNA structure and function is that it goes beyond the required descriptions of the structure and function of stable RNAs, with chapters on structural requirements of messeng ...
... only with messenger RNAs, usually considered simply to be the intermediary from DNA to proteins. The unique aspect of the book RNA structure and function is that it goes beyond the required descriptions of the structure and function of stable RNAs, with chapters on structural requirements of messeng ...
(Plant and Fungal Physiology, UMR 2847 CNRS
... Dow 1973). To complete their life cycle in planta, pathogenic fungi must also be able to gain ...
... Dow 1973). To complete their life cycle in planta, pathogenic fungi must also be able to gain ...
PDF Print - APS Journals
... in epiphytic microbial communities. In contrast, the endophytic communities had only 13.5% of sequences from this class, whereas members of Alphaproteobacteria as well as Betaproteobacteria were abundant in all endophytic leaf samples, as well as in all root samples. These results indicate that life ...
... in epiphytic microbial communities. In contrast, the endophytic communities had only 13.5% of sequences from this class, whereas members of Alphaproteobacteria as well as Betaproteobacteria were abundant in all endophytic leaf samples, as well as in all root samples. These results indicate that life ...
Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of St. Louis encephalitis
... Phylogenetic relationships were evaluated using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods. ML trees were generated with PHYML v2.4.4 (Guindon and Gascuel, 2003), following testing for appropriate models using Modeltest (Posada and Crandall, 1998) and PAUP* v4b10 (Swofford, 2003), using the GTR sub ...
... Phylogenetic relationships were evaluated using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods. ML trees were generated with PHYML v2.4.4 (Guindon and Gascuel, 2003), following testing for appropriate models using Modeltest (Posada and Crandall, 1998) and PAUP* v4b10 (Swofford, 2003), using the GTR sub ...
Determinants of pathogenicity and avirulence in plant pathogenic
... [5•]. The Hrp regulatory systems in plant pathogenic bacteria can be divided into two groups, which correspond also to differences in hrp cluster composition [6•]. In the group I Hrp systems of Erwinia and Pseudomonas, hrp operons are activated by HrpL, a sigma factor [5•,13]. In contrast, hrp trans ...
... [5•]. The Hrp regulatory systems in plant pathogenic bacteria can be divided into two groups, which correspond also to differences in hrp cluster composition [6•]. In the group I Hrp systems of Erwinia and Pseudomonas, hrp operons are activated by HrpL, a sigma factor [5•,13]. In contrast, hrp trans ...
Pathogenic and Beneficial Plant-Associated Bacteria
... For plant pathogenic bacteria, a specific epithet of classification is the pathovar (pv.) designation, which is defined as “an infrasubspecific term referring to a group of phytopathogenic bacteria differentiated principally on the basis of their host range” (Dye et al., 1980). The pathovar classifi ...
... For plant pathogenic bacteria, a specific epithet of classification is the pathovar (pv.) designation, which is defined as “an infrasubspecific term referring to a group of phytopathogenic bacteria differentiated principally on the basis of their host range” (Dye et al., 1980). The pathovar classifi ...
Knocking Down of Isoprene Emission Modiies the
... Isoprene is a small lipophilic molecule with important functions in plant protection against abiotic stresses. Here, we studied the lipid composition of thylakoid membranes and chloroplast ultrastructure in isoprene-emitting (IE) and nonisoprene-emitting (NE) poplar (Populus 3 canescens). We demonst ...
... Isoprene is a small lipophilic molecule with important functions in plant protection against abiotic stresses. Here, we studied the lipid composition of thylakoid membranes and chloroplast ultrastructure in isoprene-emitting (IE) and nonisoprene-emitting (NE) poplar (Populus 3 canescens). We demonst ...
Virology Questions DIRECTIONS: Each question below contains five
... d. Its action is related to the synthesis of a protein that inhibits translation or transcription e. It alters the permeability of the cell membrane so that viruses cannot enter the cell 11. Coronaviruses are recognized by club-shaped surface projections that are 20 nm long and resemble solar corona ...
... d. Its action is related to the synthesis of a protein that inhibits translation or transcription e. It alters the permeability of the cell membrane so that viruses cannot enter the cell 11. Coronaviruses are recognized by club-shaped surface projections that are 20 nm long and resemble solar corona ...
A Super-Absorbent Polymer Combination Promotes Bacterial
... inhibited in severely infected plants (Fig. 2). Plant height of the N. benthamiana plants treated with the SAP combination was consistently shorter than the height of watertreated plants (Fig. 2). Interestingly, we could not detect any significant differences in bacterial numbers between the leaves ...
... inhibited in severely infected plants (Fig. 2). Plant height of the N. benthamiana plants treated with the SAP combination was consistently shorter than the height of watertreated plants (Fig. 2). Interestingly, we could not detect any significant differences in bacterial numbers between the leaves ...
C4GEM - Genome-Scale Metabolic Model to
... (Oberhardt et al., 2009). Genome scale metabolic networks have also been reconstructed for mouse (Sheikh et al., 2005; Quek and Nielsen, 2008), human (Mo et al., 2007; Sigurdsson et al., 2009) and more recently for Arabidopsis (Poolman et al., 2009; de Oliveira Dal'Molin et al., 2010). These reconst ...
... (Oberhardt et al., 2009). Genome scale metabolic networks have also been reconstructed for mouse (Sheikh et al., 2005; Quek and Nielsen, 2008), human (Mo et al., 2007; Sigurdsson et al., 2009) and more recently for Arabidopsis (Poolman et al., 2009; de Oliveira Dal'Molin et al., 2010). These reconst ...
Infectious Disease Review
... recurring disease due to a reservoir of untreated microbes in the patient or was the patient exposed to an external source of infection? The answer to this question will fundamentally change how the patient will be treated and the infection controlled. In the course of an infection microbes acquire ...
... recurring disease due to a reservoir of untreated microbes in the patient or was the patient exposed to an external source of infection? The answer to this question will fundamentally change how the patient will be treated and the infection controlled. In the course of an infection microbes acquire ...
Microbiology and Mycology.doc
... metabolic reactions. Otherwise the hydrogen would accumulate in the environment and the bacteria would not survive. The human gut carries thousands of species of bacteria as symbionts. The gut flora is useful as it enhances gut immunity, contributes to production of vitamins, helps to convert milk p ...
... metabolic reactions. Otherwise the hydrogen would accumulate in the environment and the bacteria would not survive. The human gut carries thousands of species of bacteria as symbionts. The gut flora is useful as it enhances gut immunity, contributes to production of vitamins, helps to convert milk p ...
Towards the storage metabolome: profiling the barley vacuole
... al., 2003; Millar et al., 2006). Furthermore, several instances exist in which proteins are found in locations other than those they were thought to operate for example hexokinase proteins have been found in the nucleus whilst the sucrose synthase has been localized to the mitochondria (Subbaiah et ...
... al., 2003; Millar et al., 2006). Furthermore, several instances exist in which proteins are found in locations other than those they were thought to operate for example hexokinase proteins have been found in the nucleus whilst the sucrose synthase has been localized to the mitochondria (Subbaiah et ...
20. PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
... (gaseous nature), exert a physiological effect only at a near a site where it is synthesized. Classified definition of a hormone does not apply to ethylene. Plant growth regulators ...
... (gaseous nature), exert a physiological effect only at a near a site where it is synthesized. Classified definition of a hormone does not apply to ethylene. Plant growth regulators ...
chronic st. louis encephalitis virus infection in the golden hamster
... Likewise, the four hamsters in Experiment 2 had SLEV neutralizing antibodies in their sera when they were killed and cultured (Table 2). Viruria. As shown in Table 1, SLEV was detected in urine of 7 of the 12 hamsters in Experiment 1. Urine samples were collected from these animals at irregular inte ...
... Likewise, the four hamsters in Experiment 2 had SLEV neutralizing antibodies in their sera when they were killed and cultured (Table 2). Viruria. As shown in Table 1, SLEV was detected in urine of 7 of the 12 hamsters in Experiment 1. Urine samples were collected from these animals at irregular inte ...
Assembly and budding of rabies virus
... SAD P 288AAA, displayed approx. 10,000‐100,000fold reduced cell‐free infectious titers but maintained the capacity to spread the infection from cell to cell. The specific defect in budding was verified by demonstrating that the function of P as polymerase cofactor and N binding were not af ...
... SAD P 288AAA, displayed approx. 10,000‐100,000fold reduced cell‐free infectious titers but maintained the capacity to spread the infection from cell to cell. The specific defect in budding was verified by demonstrating that the function of P as polymerase cofactor and N binding were not af ...
Posttranslational Protein Modiications in Plant
... regulation of plant metabolism by PTMs, in particular for enzymes in primary metabolism (Calvin cycle, glycolysis, and respiration) and the C4 shuttle accommodating photosynthesis in C4 plants (Table III). As will be evident, most of these classic examples involve regulation by (de)phosphorylation, ...
... regulation of plant metabolism by PTMs, in particular for enzymes in primary metabolism (Calvin cycle, glycolysis, and respiration) and the C4 shuttle accommodating photosynthesis in C4 plants (Table III). As will be evident, most of these classic examples involve regulation by (de)phosphorylation, ...
Posttranslational Protein Modiications in Plant
... regulation of plant metabolism by PTMs, in particular for enzymes in primary metabolism (Calvin cycle, glycolysis, and respiration) and the C4 shuttle accommodating photosynthesis in C4 plants (Table III). As will be evident, most of these classic examples involve regulation by (de)phosphorylation, ...
... regulation of plant metabolism by PTMs, in particular for enzymes in primary metabolism (Calvin cycle, glycolysis, and respiration) and the C4 shuttle accommodating photosynthesis in C4 plants (Table III). As will be evident, most of these classic examples involve regulation by (de)phosphorylation, ...
Plant virus
Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. Plant viruses are pathogenic to higher plants. While this article does not intend to list all plant viruses, it discusses some important viruses as well as their uses in plant molecular biology.