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Identification of Both Shared and Distinct Proteins in the Major and
Identification of Both Shared and Distinct Proteins in the Major and

... identify any additional U1 or U2 snRNP proteins or intron-bridging proteins such as SF1/ mBBP or FBP21 (19, 20). Instead, several previously uncharacterized polypeptides were detected. However, a database search with peptide sequences obtained from one of these proteins (U11/U12-35kD) suggested that ...
Metabolic and physiological interdependencies in the
Metabolic and physiological interdependencies in the

... Figure 2 Density gradient enrichment of symbiont cells and host components followed by CARD-FISH. (a) Step-wise workflow of the density gradient enrichment method for physical separation of B. azoricus host and symbiont cells. Sampling for tissue-based metaproteomic analysis of whole gill and foot t ...
Going from where to why—interpretable
Going from where to why—interpretable

... localization. However, in many cases only one or two of feature types were included in one predictor. In our study, we included numerous types of features and properties. First, we make use of sequence-derived features. These include amino acid composition, normalized amino acid composition and pseu ...
Classifier ensembles for protein structural class prediction with
Classifier ensembles for protein structural class prediction with

... among different AAs [14,15]. Recent works also improve structural class prediction by using alternative sequence representations. Examples include auto-correlation functions based on non-bonded residue energy [7], polypeptide composition [26,37,44], and functional domain composition [16]. However, th ...
Back-translation for discovering distant protein homologies
Back-translation for discovering distant protein homologies

... plain BLAST [10, 11] alignment approach: BLASTN on DNA and mRNA, or BLASTX on mRNA and proteins, applicable only when the DNA sequences are sufficiently similar. BLASTX programs, although capable of insightful results thanks to the six frame translations, have the limitation of not being able to tra ...
Cell differentiation during sexual development of the
Cell differentiation during sexual development of the

... During sexual development, mycelial cells from most filamentous fungi differentiate into typical fruiting bodies. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of the Sordaria macrospora developmental mutant per5, which exhibits a sterile phenotype with defects in fruiting body maturation. Cy ...
LatFit - Manual - Bioinformatics Group Freiburg
LatFit - Manual - Bioinformatics Group Freiburg

... well, even it has none in real proteins! Here, both monomers (backbone and side chain) approximate the Cα -atom position. -scLat Per default the same neighboring vectors as for the backbone fit (-lat) are used for the neighboring of backbone (Cα ) and side chain monomers. Using -scLat, a different s ...
EVIDENCE FOR TWO DISTINCT CLASSES OF STREPTOCOCCAL
EVIDENCE FOR TWO DISTINCT CLASSES OF STREPTOCOCCAL

... nasopharyngeal mucosa . A major virulence factor present on the streptococcal surface is M protein, a molecule of which there exists more than 80 distinct serological types. M protein provides the streptococcus with the ability to resist phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and only antibod ...
Murine model of obesity-induced type II diabetes by
Murine model of obesity-induced type II diabetes by

... One group of PPP1Rs, which related to glucose metabolism have been extensively studied. Especially gene knockout mice have reveled the function of these genes (6). First, we review PPP1Rs, which target PP1 to glycogen and regulate glucose metabolism. Because free fatty acids are made from Acetyl-CoA ...
Whole Genome Annotations Experimental data involving thousands
Whole Genome Annotations Experimental data involving thousands

...  Development and implementation of tools ...
PLANT PROTEIN PHOSPHATASES
PLANT PROTEIN PHOSPHATASES

... residues (107). Phosphohistidine phosphorylation has also been reported in plants (50), fungi (86), and animals (25), but its relative contribution to the total phosphoamino acid content of eukaryotic cells is not known. In animals, protein phosphorylation plays well-known roles in diverse cellular ...
Chapter 30: Protein Synthesis
Chapter 30: Protein Synthesis

... Figure 30.15 The three tRNA binding sites on ribosomes. The view shows the ribosomal surfaces that form the interface between the (a) 30S and (b) 50S subunits in a 70S ribosome. The A (green), P (blue), and E (yellow) sites have bound tRNA. ...
Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Fluorescence Spectroscopy

... Protein folding in cells (in vivo) is extremely complicated and differs depending on the organism. Folding is far more complicated in eukaryotic cells (for example: human cell) than in prokaryotic ones (bacteria). Due to this complexity, the study of protein folding is extremely limited in vivo. Peo ...
Cell Differentiation during Sexual Development of the Fungus
Cell Differentiation during Sexual Development of the Fungus

... During sexual development, mycelial cells from most filamentous fungi differentiate into typical fruiting bodies. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of the Sordaria macrospora developmental mutant per5, which exhibits a sterile phenotype with defects in fruiting body maturation. Cy ...
Get cached PDF
Get cached PDF

... University of Hawaii, Honolulu, at about 10 m depth using a net with a mesh size of 200 µm. Plankton was brought into the laboratory and competent P. flava larvae, which are easily recognized by the development of the proboscis and the large anal region posterior of the telotroch (see Fig. 5A), were ...
Developmental Analysis of a Putative ATP/ADP Carrier Protein
Developmental Analysis of a Putative ATP/ADP Carrier Protein

... The gold particles were detected in glyoxysomes, especially on glyoxysomal membranes. The particles were not detectable in any other organelles such as oil bodies. These results clearly indicated that the PMP38 is exclusively localized on glyoxysomal membranes. To investigate the localization of the ...
Isolation of insertion elements from Gram
Isolation of insertion elements from Gram

... tested were unable to grow on sucrose medium, whereas no growth inhibition occurred in the absence of sucrose, nor in cells harbouring vector pECM2. The sucrose sensitive phenotype is consistent with the previously described lethal effect for C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 on sucrose medium caused by expr ...
evolution of protein function by domain swapping
evolution of protein function by domain swapping

... The study and understanding of the natural evolution of protein function clearly has important implications for the design of in vitro evolution strategies. Because nature is blind to the rules and relationships of sequence, structure, and function, strategies that seem most applicable are combinato ...
Comparative transcriptomics reveals key gene expression
Comparative transcriptomics reveals key gene expression

... was removed with the use of a DNAfree kit (Ambion) and the integrity of the RNA was checked by non-denaturing gel electrophoresis. M. tuberculosis–M. bovis microarrays. The M. tuberculosis–M. bovis composite microarrays used in these experiments were developed by the Bacterial Microarray Group (BmG@ ...
Pattern searches for the identification of putative lipoprotein genes in
Pattern searches for the identification of putative lipoprotein genes in

... evidence that a protein is lipidated in vivo. These included (1) metabolic labelling of the protein, in its source organism, with exogenously supplied radiolabelled fatty acid (normally palmitate, incorporation of which is typically detected by autoradiography following protein electrophoresis). Thi ...
U.S. WHEY PROTEINS IN READY-TO-DRINK BEVERAGES
U.S. WHEY PROTEINS IN READY-TO-DRINK BEVERAGES

... 3) Citric – a weaker acidulant but very desirable for its contribution to the overall flavor profile of a fruit-flavored beverage. Citric acid is not recommended as the sole acidulant for very high protein drinks because of the extreme tartness imparted when used at high levels. 4) Malic – a weaker ...
Complete nucleotide sequence and evolutionary analysis of a
Complete nucleotide sequence and evolutionary analysis of a

... cellular restriction factors and between the immune system of gorillas and humans, gorilla-derived retroviruses can be transmitted to humans. This could result in a potential threat even with the virus being non-pathogenic in its natural host. These potential dangers are highlighted by the fact that ...
us whey proteins in ready-to-drink beverages
us whey proteins in ready-to-drink beverages

... 3) Citric – a weaker acidulant but very desirable for its contribution to the overall flavor profile of a fruit-flavored beverage. Citric acid is not recommended as the sole acidulant for very high protein drinks because of the extreme tartness imparted when used at high levels. 4) Malic – a weaker ...
Electromagnetic Properties of Biomolecules
Electromagnetic Properties of Biomolecules

... which is 3.8 Å. The frequency range obtained for protein interactions is 1013 to 1015 Hz. This estimated range includes IR, visible and UV light. These computational predictions were confirmed by comparison of: a) Absorption characteristics of light absorbing proteins and their characteristic freque ...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Protein
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Protein

... 2.3 In vitro models of motor neuron degeneration in ALS The pathogenesis of ALS may involve many complex pathways in different cell types. Simpler in vitro systems have been developed to complement animal studies. Cultures of motor neurons are important for studying molecular mechanisms of neurodege ...
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Expression vector

An expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is usually a plasmid or virus designed for protein expression in cells. The vector is used to introduce a specific gene into a target cell, and can commandeer the cell's mechanism for protein synthesis to produce the protein encoded by the gene. Expression vectors are the basic tools in biotechnology for the production of proteins.The plasmid is engineered to contain regulatory sequences that act as enhancer and promoter regions and lead to efficient transcription of the gene carried on the expression vector. The goal of a well-designed expression vector is the production of protein, and this may be achieve by the production of significant amount of stable messenger RNA, which can then be translated into protein. The protein may be expressed constitutively, or induced when necessary using an inducer. Escherichia coli is commonly used as the host for protein expression, other cell types however may also be used. An example of the use of expression vector is the production of insulin which is used for medical treatments of diabetes.
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