Cloning and sequencing of the kedarcidin biosynthetic
... aromatized forms, and the enediyne form was completely converted into the aromatized form at room temperature overnight; the identities of both enediyne and aromatized forms of the KED chromophore were confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry (Fig. S4, ESI†). For the enediyne form of the KED c ...
... aromatized forms, and the enediyne form was completely converted into the aromatized form at room temperature overnight; the identities of both enediyne and aromatized forms of the KED chromophore were confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry (Fig. S4, ESI†). For the enediyne form of the KED c ...
Comparative Sequence Analysis of the Genomic Segment 6 of Four
... African green monkey kidney cells, MA104 (Hoshino et al., 1984). Trypsin (Type IX, Sigma) was used at a final concentration of 10 Bg/ml for 60 rain at 37 °C to activate virus infectivity. After adsorption of virus, cell monolayers were fed with Eagle's MEM supplemented with 1 ~g of trypsin per ml. I ...
... African green monkey kidney cells, MA104 (Hoshino et al., 1984). Trypsin (Type IX, Sigma) was used at a final concentration of 10 Bg/ml for 60 rain at 37 °C to activate virus infectivity. After adsorption of virus, cell monolayers were fed with Eagle's MEM supplemented with 1 ~g of trypsin per ml. I ...
5 The structure and function of membrane proteins
... to be sequenced, cloned, manipulated and expressed in many different cells. As a result areas of recombinant DNA technology and protein engineering have evolved rapidly to become specialist disciplines in their own right. Almost any protein whose primary sequence is known can be produced in large qu ...
... to be sequenced, cloned, manipulated and expressed in many different cells. As a result areas of recombinant DNA technology and protein engineering have evolved rapidly to become specialist disciplines in their own right. Almost any protein whose primary sequence is known can be produced in large qu ...
Solution Structure of the Tandem Acyl Carrier Protein Domains from
... (ACP) domains in tandem. This conserved tandem arrangement has been implicated in both amplification of fatty acid production (additive effect) and in structural stabilization of the multidomain protein (synergistic effect). While the more accepted model is one in which domains act independently, re ...
... (ACP) domains in tandem. This conserved tandem arrangement has been implicated in both amplification of fatty acid production (additive effect) and in structural stabilization of the multidomain protein (synergistic effect). While the more accepted model is one in which domains act independently, re ...
- Wiley Online Library
... which is provided by nitrate reduction or by ammonia oxidation in biological habitats (Fig. 1). Reduction of nitrite can be regarded as an assimilatory, respiratory or dissimilatory process [1]. Assimilatory nitrite reduction serves in the production of ammonia which is incorporated into cell materi ...
... which is provided by nitrate reduction or by ammonia oxidation in biological habitats (Fig. 1). Reduction of nitrite can be regarded as an assimilatory, respiratory or dissimilatory process [1]. Assimilatory nitrite reduction serves in the production of ammonia which is incorporated into cell materi ...
Improvement of Aspergillus nidulans penicillin production by
... Aspergillus nidulans is able to synthesize penicillin and serves as a model to study the regulation of its biosynthesis. Only three enzymes are required to form the beta lactam ring tripeptide, which is comprised of L-cysteine, L-valine and L-aminoadipic acid. Whereas two enzymes, AcvA and IpnA loca ...
... Aspergillus nidulans is able to synthesize penicillin and serves as a model to study the regulation of its biosynthesis. Only three enzymes are required to form the beta lactam ring tripeptide, which is comprised of L-cysteine, L-valine and L-aminoadipic acid. Whereas two enzymes, AcvA and IpnA loca ...
Pyruvate : NADP+ Oxidoreductase from the Mitochondrion of
... the earliest eukaryotic cells (Martin and Müller 1998). In principle, three alternative explanations could currently account for the distribution of PFO among eukaryotes and its evident correlation with the amitochondriate phenotype. The first possible explanation is that the host of mitochondrial ...
... the earliest eukaryotic cells (Martin and Müller 1998). In principle, three alternative explanations could currently account for the distribution of PFO among eukaryotes and its evident correlation with the amitochondriate phenotype. The first possible explanation is that the host of mitochondrial ...
Functional Characterization of Nine Norway
... Far, PaTPS-Lin, PaTPS-Bis, and PaTPS-Pin) were isolated by cDNA library filter hybridization as described in Fäldt et al. (2003b). Combination of similarity-based PCR strategies previously developed for isolation of conifer TPS genes (Bohlmann et al., 1997), mining of expressed sequence tags, and R ...
... Far, PaTPS-Lin, PaTPS-Bis, and PaTPS-Pin) were isolated by cDNA library filter hybridization as described in Fäldt et al. (2003b). Combination of similarity-based PCR strategies previously developed for isolation of conifer TPS genes (Bohlmann et al., 1997), mining of expressed sequence tags, and R ...
Cardiac mitochondrial matrix and respiratory complex - AJP
... the entry or exit points for protons in respiratory enzymes are also potentially relevant if they can block access to protons channels or affect the pKa of residues that are sequentially protonated and deprotonated to facilitate proton movement (135). We will attempt to point out phosphorylation sit ...
... the entry or exit points for protons in respiratory enzymes are also potentially relevant if they can block access to protons channels or affect the pKa of residues that are sequentially protonated and deprotonated to facilitate proton movement (135). We will attempt to point out phosphorylation sit ...
Function and Control of the Spx-Family of Proteins Within
... forms, bearing spore-specific σ subunits, is the result of a signal-transducing phosphorelay responsive to the nutritional environment, and compartment-specific control of gene expression responsive to intercompartmental (mother cell-forespore) communication (Duncan et al. 1994; Hoch 1993; Stragier ...
... forms, bearing spore-specific σ subunits, is the result of a signal-transducing phosphorelay responsive to the nutritional environment, and compartment-specific control of gene expression responsive to intercompartmental (mother cell-forespore) communication (Duncan et al. 1994; Hoch 1993; Stragier ...
Engineering the pentose phosphate pathway of
... The baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a long tradition in alcohol production from D-glucose of e.g. starch. However, without genetic modifications it is unable to utilise the 5-carbon sugars D-xylose and L-arabinose present in plant biomass. In this study, one key metabolic step of the cata ...
... The baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a long tradition in alcohol production from D-glucose of e.g. starch. However, without genetic modifications it is unable to utilise the 5-carbon sugars D-xylose and L-arabinose present in plant biomass. In this study, one key metabolic step of the cata ...
The Major Component of the Paraflagellar Rod of Trypanosoma
... similarity to the intermediate filament proteins (solubility properties, amino acid composition, and high degree of helicity), the PFR protein does not belong in this class of cytoskeletal proteins. The PFR protein is coded for by two tandemly linked genes of identical nucleotide sequence. Both gene ...
... similarity to the intermediate filament proteins (solubility properties, amino acid composition, and high degree of helicity), the PFR protein does not belong in this class of cytoskeletal proteins. The PFR protein is coded for by two tandemly linked genes of identical nucleotide sequence. Both gene ...
NAGS - BMC Biochemistry
... with structural information from the related bacterial N-acetylglutamate kinases to identify four residues in mammalian NAGS that interact with arginine. Substitutions of these four residues were engineered in mouse NAGS and into the vertebrate-like N-acetylglutamate synthase-kinase (NAGS-K) of Xant ...
... with structural information from the related bacterial N-acetylglutamate kinases to identify four residues in mammalian NAGS that interact with arginine. Substitutions of these four residues were engineered in mouse NAGS and into the vertebrate-like N-acetylglutamate synthase-kinase (NAGS-K) of Xant ...
Nucleotide sequence of the Tn10 encoded tetracycline resistance
... use of UUU 22 times out of 28 codons for Phe. A similar observation has been made for the transposon Tn3 genes [20,21] as well as others [21]. The general tendency seems to be that codons with AU pairs instead of GC pairs in the wobble positions are preferred in genes with a high rate of expression ...
... use of UUU 22 times out of 28 codons for Phe. A similar observation has been made for the transposon Tn3 genes [20,21] as well as others [21]. The general tendency seems to be that codons with AU pairs instead of GC pairs in the wobble positions are preferred in genes with a high rate of expression ...
Bacterial ribosome requires multiple L12 dimers for efficient initiation
... (1,2). The L10 protein binds to ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (nucleotides 1030–1124 in Escherichia coli) next to the protein L11 at the base of the stalk (3,4). L12 is the only multicopy protein on the ribosome (5), its number varying from species to species (1). In E. coli, two L12 dimers and one L10 prote ...
... (1,2). The L10 protein binds to ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (nucleotides 1030–1124 in Escherichia coli) next to the protein L11 at the base of the stalk (3,4). L12 is the only multicopy protein on the ribosome (5), its number varying from species to species (1). In E. coli, two L12 dimers and one L10 prote ...
Quantitative Analysis of the Kinetics of End
... & Bryant, 1988). These interactions tend to maintain the entire ®lament in an extended active state. However, the ATP hydrolytic cycles of adjacent monomers are not coordinated, in the sense that a given step in the hydrolytic cycle of one monomer triggers a particular step in its neighbor. Wild-typ ...
... & Bryant, 1988). These interactions tend to maintain the entire ®lament in an extended active state. However, the ATP hydrolytic cycles of adjacent monomers are not coordinated, in the sense that a given step in the hydrolytic cycle of one monomer triggers a particular step in its neighbor. Wild-typ ...
3 Citrate metabolism and aroma compound production in lactic acid
... the conversion of citrate into lactate, since it was observed that in these microorganisms high amounts of diacetyl are formed (reviewed in [2]). The metabolic biosynthetic pathway from citrate to diacetyl was revealed in L. diacetylactis by use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques [4, 5]. ...
... the conversion of citrate into lactate, since it was observed that in these microorganisms high amounts of diacetyl are formed (reviewed in [2]). The metabolic biosynthetic pathway from citrate to diacetyl was revealed in L. diacetylactis by use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques [4, 5]. ...
Quality control in tRNA charging — editing of homocysteine
... All living organisms conduct protein synthesis with a high degree of accuracy maintained in the transmission and flow of information from a gene to protein product. One crucial “quality control” point in maintaining a high level of accuracy is the selectivity by which aminoacyltRNA synthetases furni ...
... All living organisms conduct protein synthesis with a high degree of accuracy maintained in the transmission and flow of information from a gene to protein product. One crucial “quality control” point in maintaining a high level of accuracy is the selectivity by which aminoacyltRNA synthetases furni ...
the overlooked molecule in the regulation of polyamine metabolism
... Overexpression of mouse ODC cDNA and changes in polyamines The present study involved transgenic expression of a mouse ODC cDNA in Arabidopsis to increase the biosynthesis of Put and investigate its effects on cellular PAs and soluble amino acids, and to examine the role of Orn in PA biosynthesis an ...
... Overexpression of mouse ODC cDNA and changes in polyamines The present study involved transgenic expression of a mouse ODC cDNA in Arabidopsis to increase the biosynthesis of Put and investigate its effects on cellular PAs and soluble amino acids, and to examine the role of Orn in PA biosynthesis an ...
BACILLUS SPHAERICUS TOXINS: Molecular Biology and Mode of
... although the activity is weaker than that of crystals containing both proteins (58). In contrast, P51 alone is not toxic, but its presence enhances the larvicidal activity of P42, suggesting synergy between the polypeptides (18, 40, 58,61). In vitro assays on mosquito cell lines also revealed that ...
... although the activity is weaker than that of crystals containing both proteins (58). In contrast, P51 alone is not toxic, but its presence enhances the larvicidal activity of P42, suggesting synergy between the polypeptides (18, 40, 58,61). In vitro assays on mosquito cell lines also revealed that ...
Life in the slow lane: molecular mechanisms of estivation
... depression include suppressed rates of fuel catabolism, ion channel arrest, and reduced rates of protein synthesis (Churchill and Storey, 1989; Storey and Storey, 1990; Rees and Hand, 1991; Guppy et al., 1994). For example, analysis of changes in the levels of glycolytic intermediates during estivat ...
... depression include suppressed rates of fuel catabolism, ion channel arrest, and reduced rates of protein synthesis (Churchill and Storey, 1989; Storey and Storey, 1990; Rees and Hand, 1991; Guppy et al., 1994). For example, analysis of changes in the levels of glycolytic intermediates during estivat ...
Balancing between respiration and fermentation - UvA-DARE
... producee viable petites [109], thus resembling petite-negative yeasts. In parallel with the F ^ ATPP synthase, this points towards differences in the ATP translocation process and/or maintenancee of mitochondrial membrane potential as an explanation of the petite-lethal phenotypee of K. lactis. This ...
... producee viable petites [109], thus resembling petite-negative yeasts. In parallel with the F ^ ATPP synthase, this points towards differences in the ATP translocation process and/or maintenancee of mitochondrial membrane potential as an explanation of the petite-lethal phenotypee of K. lactis. This ...
Biosynthesis of geranial, a potent aroma compound in ginger
... PCR products were digested by the corresponding restriction enzymes (Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan) and ligated into the expression vector pET28-(a) to produce a protein with an N-terminal His tag, using a T4 ligase kit (Life Technologies, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s pro ...
... PCR products were digested by the corresponding restriction enzymes (Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan) and ligated into the expression vector pET28-(a) to produce a protein with an N-terminal His tag, using a T4 ligase kit (Life Technologies, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s pro ...
ARTICLES
... which depends on the anticodon triplet, arises from the need to control efficiency in translation or decoding fidelity. We also independently searched the bacterial tDNA database23 to assess the sequence bias in the 32-38 pair in 84 nonredundant sequences of bacterial tRNAAla GGC. We found a trend s ...
... which depends on the anticodon triplet, arises from the need to control efficiency in translation or decoding fidelity. We also independently searched the bacterial tDNA database23 to assess the sequence bias in the 32-38 pair in 84 nonredundant sequences of bacterial tRNAAla GGC. We found a trend s ...
Myr 8, A Novel Unconventional Myosin Expressed during Brain
... C entrif ugation (1000 ⫻ g for 10 min) yielded a postnuclear supernatant, which after subsequent centrif ugation (100,000 ⫻ g for 60 min) generated a crude cytoskeletal /membrane fraction. The crude sediment was solubilized in homogenate medium containing 1% Triton X-100 (120 min, 4°C) followed by c ...
... C entrif ugation (1000 ⫻ g for 10 min) yielded a postnuclear supernatant, which after subsequent centrif ugation (100,000 ⫻ g for 60 min) generated a crude cytoskeletal /membrane fraction. The crude sediment was solubilized in homogenate medium containing 1% Triton X-100 (120 min, 4°C) followed by c ...