Initiation of transcription by Pol II Separate basal and activated
... Activated transcription by Pol II enhancers are sequences 5’ to TATAA transcriptional activators bind them • have distinct DNA binding and activation domains • activation domain interacts with mediator • helps assemble initiation complex on TATAA ...
... Activated transcription by Pol II enhancers are sequences 5’ to TATAA transcriptional activators bind them • have distinct DNA binding and activation domains • activation domain interacts with mediator • helps assemble initiation complex on TATAA ...
The codon adaptation index-a measure of directional synonymous
... conparison between species because the proportional division of the codon table into the two categories may differ; e.g., Ikemura (1) identified 21 optimal codons for 14 amino acids in E.coll. and 19 optimal codons for 13 amino acids in yeast. Gribskov et al. (10) have recently proposed another inde ...
... conparison between species because the proportional division of the codon table into the two categories may differ; e.g., Ikemura (1) identified 21 optimal codons for 14 amino acids in E.coll. and 19 optimal codons for 13 amino acids in yeast. Gribskov et al. (10) have recently proposed another inde ...
The enduracidin biosynthetic gene cluster from
... with a condensation domain (C domain) similar to those found in other lipopeptide systems for the coupling of an acyl group to the starting amino acid. The sixth module of EndB, corresponding to Thr8, is missing an adenylation domain (A domain) and this module is presumed to be loaded in trans by th ...
... with a condensation domain (C domain) similar to those found in other lipopeptide systems for the coupling of an acyl group to the starting amino acid. The sixth module of EndB, corresponding to Thr8, is missing an adenylation domain (A domain) and this module is presumed to be loaded in trans by th ...
The Production, Purification, and Bioactivity of Recombinant Bovine
... acid interferon-a that has a role in maternal recognition of pregnancy in cattle. Here we describe production of bTP-1 by recombinant procedures in Escherichia coli. A bTP-1 gene was constructed which lacked the codons representing the signal sequence and provided a Met initiation codon ahead of the ...
... acid interferon-a that has a role in maternal recognition of pregnancy in cattle. Here we describe production of bTP-1 by recombinant procedures in Escherichia coli. A bTP-1 gene was constructed which lacked the codons representing the signal sequence and provided a Met initiation codon ahead of the ...
Bone Marrow Failure Associated with Herpesvirus 8 Infection in a
... between the latent and the lytic stages of the virus life cycle. Demonstration of HHV-8 mRNA by RT-PCR, especially of structural gene transcripts, appears to offer the most accurate reflection of viral replication. Detection of structural gene transcripts is indicative of chronic persistent infectio ...
... between the latent and the lytic stages of the virus life cycle. Demonstration of HHV-8 mRNA by RT-PCR, especially of structural gene transcripts, appears to offer the most accurate reflection of viral replication. Detection of structural gene transcripts is indicative of chronic persistent infectio ...
Organelle origins: Energy-producing symbionts
... produced eukaryotic mitochondria. Hydrogenosomes were thus present in late-diverging, as well as early-diverging, eukaryotes. This means that, if we interpret all hydrogenosomes as being derived from an ancestral symbiont that also gave rise to mitochondria, the transition from symbiont to hydrogeno ...
... produced eukaryotic mitochondria. Hydrogenosomes were thus present in late-diverging, as well as early-diverging, eukaryotes. This means that, if we interpret all hydrogenosomes as being derived from an ancestral symbiont that also gave rise to mitochondria, the transition from symbiont to hydrogeno ...
The N-end rule pathway as a nitric oxide sensor controlling the
... mouse cell lines2, using 10-min pulses with 35S-EXPRESS (Perkin-Elmer) and chases for 1 and 2 h, followed by extraction of proteins, immunoprecipitation with anti-RGS4 antibody, 15% SDS-PAGE, and autoradiography. CPTIO treatments of NIH-3T3 cells, ATE1-/- EF cells, and 3T3toffRGS4fh cells were carri ...
... mouse cell lines2, using 10-min pulses with 35S-EXPRESS (Perkin-Elmer) and chases for 1 and 2 h, followed by extraction of proteins, immunoprecipitation with anti-RGS4 antibody, 15% SDS-PAGE, and autoradiography. CPTIO treatments of NIH-3T3 cells, ATE1-/- EF cells, and 3T3toffRGS4fh cells were carri ...
Cleavage of K-FGF Produces a Truncated Molecule with Increased
... was found comparable with or even higher than that of the conditioned medium from COS cells transfected with the unmodified K-fgfcDNA, indicating that in the absence of glycosylation the protein is efficiently secreted. Transfection of plasmids expressing the glyc- K-FGF into NIH3T3 cells showed tha ...
... was found comparable with or even higher than that of the conditioned medium from COS cells transfected with the unmodified K-fgfcDNA, indicating that in the absence of glycosylation the protein is efficiently secreted. Transfection of plasmids expressing the glyc- K-FGF into NIH3T3 cells showed tha ...
Use of Gene Replacement Transformation to Elucidate
... 1A), which contains the disrupted qa-x gene, was constructed by cleaving at a unique Hind111 site inthe qa-x coding region and filling in the staggered ends using the Klenow fragment. This creates a unique NheI site withinthe qa-x coding region. The plasmid pAqa-IS wasconstructed in the following ma ...
... 1A), which contains the disrupted qa-x gene, was constructed by cleaving at a unique Hind111 site inthe qa-x coding region and filling in the staggered ends using the Klenow fragment. This creates a unique NheI site withinthe qa-x coding region. The plasmid pAqa-IS wasconstructed in the following ma ...
Heavy Metal Detoxification in Plants
... expressed enzyme. This activity, PC synthase, was rst identi ed by Grill et al. in 1989 (6 ) and has been characterised in a number of subsequent studies (reviewed in ref. 5 ). The enzyme is a ° -GluCys dipeptididyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.15) and its reaction involves the transpeptidation of th ...
... expressed enzyme. This activity, PC synthase, was rst identi ed by Grill et al. in 1989 (6 ) and has been characterised in a number of subsequent studies (reviewed in ref. 5 ). The enzyme is a ° -GluCys dipeptididyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.15) and its reaction involves the transpeptidation of th ...
Folate and DNA methylation during in utero development and aging
... in advance of organ development, allowing gene-specific methylation patterns to develop, which determine tissuespecific transcription [5]. DNA methylation is also involved in the repression of either the maternal or paternal allele of imprinted genes. Incorrect development of DNA methylation pattern ...
... in advance of organ development, allowing gene-specific methylation patterns to develop, which determine tissuespecific transcription [5]. DNA methylation is also involved in the repression of either the maternal or paternal allele of imprinted genes. Incorrect development of DNA methylation pattern ...
DETERMINATIVE DEGREE AND NUCLEOTIDE CONTENT OF DNA
... average. Comparing with the Table 1 we observe that first group has dAA ≥ 8, while second group has dAA < 8 (His and Thr are exceptional cases). DNA STRANDS AND CHARGAFF RULES Let us consider a numerical description of an idealized DNA sequence as a double-helix of two codon strands connected by com ...
... average. Comparing with the Table 1 we observe that first group has dAA ≥ 8, while second group has dAA < 8 (His and Thr are exceptional cases). DNA STRANDS AND CHARGAFF RULES Let us consider a numerical description of an idealized DNA sequence as a double-helix of two codon strands connected by com ...
Chapter 9 – Catalytic Strategies (So we`ve talked about enzymes
... - Involved in the degradation of flesh iv. Protease Inh used as drugs (As you can imagine, proteases shut down a very important property of cells, that is the ability for cell to break down proteins whether it be a wide range of proteins like in ones gut for digestion, or specific protein like in th ...
... - Involved in the degradation of flesh iv. Protease Inh used as drugs (As you can imagine, proteases shut down a very important property of cells, that is the ability for cell to break down proteins whether it be a wide range of proteins like in ones gut for digestion, or specific protein like in th ...
Site-directed Mutagenesis of Arginine
... complex and the Escherichia coli TS' dUMp· lO-propaa series of 11 site-directed mutations at Arg-178 in rgyl-S,8-dideazafolate ternary complex have provided a single experiment The use of synthetic gene is furinsight about the possible roles of specific residues ther enhanced by its high level ·of e ...
... complex and the Escherichia coli TS' dUMp· lO-propaa series of 11 site-directed mutations at Arg-178 in rgyl-S,8-dideazafolate ternary complex have provided a single experiment The use of synthetic gene is furinsight about the possible roles of specific residues ther enhanced by its high level ·of e ...
Article - Nature
... PhzH-Pa,5 and PhzH-Pc6 had been evaluated for their function in secondary metabolite syntheses in vivo. Only NspN2 and PcsB6 had also been characterized in vitro. In contrast, ORF5,8 SioC, ORF1,9 SfaP, TcsG, FdmV,10 SanV,11 and LlpA12 had not yet been fully characterized. Their involvement in second ...
... PhzH-Pa,5 and PhzH-Pc6 had been evaluated for their function in secondary metabolite syntheses in vivo. Only NspN2 and PcsB6 had also been characterized in vitro. In contrast, ORF5,8 SioC, ORF1,9 SfaP, TcsG, FdmV,10 SanV,11 and LlpA12 had not yet been fully characterized. Their involvement in second ...
A Research Strategy to Understand the Mechanisms that Govern
... have been cloned from several plant species. The transcriptional levels of these genes were analyzed via hybridizationand PCR-based analyses. A gene whose expression level differs drastically between white and colored tissues is likely a target for pigment biosynthesis regulation. When no target gen ...
... have been cloned from several plant species. The transcriptional levels of these genes were analyzed via hybridizationand PCR-based analyses. A gene whose expression level differs drastically between white and colored tissues is likely a target for pigment biosynthesis regulation. When no target gen ...
Compilation of tRNA sequences and sequences of
... and databases up to the end of 1998. It contains tRNA genes of all organisms and organelles, but is not updated since January 1999. This table contains about 350 sequences of cytoplasmic tRNA genes that are not included in the Genomic tRNA Database. Most of the tRNA gene entries in this table have r ...
... and databases up to the end of 1998. It contains tRNA genes of all organisms and organelles, but is not updated since January 1999. This table contains about 350 sequences of cytoplasmic tRNA genes that are not included in the Genomic tRNA Database. Most of the tRNA gene entries in this table have r ...
Structure, expression and phylogenetic analysis of the glycoprotein
... sequence of the transmembrane domain of Cocal G protein shows a 53% identity with that of VSV (IND) G protein. (iv) The cytoplasmic domain of Cocal and the other four vesiculovirus G proteins showed very little conservation. However, the cytoplasmic sequence was shown to be essential in virus assemb ...
... sequence of the transmembrane domain of Cocal G protein shows a 53% identity with that of VSV (IND) G protein. (iv) The cytoplasmic domain of Cocal and the other four vesiculovirus G proteins showed very little conservation. However, the cytoplasmic sequence was shown to be essential in virus assemb ...
mukesh-kumar-all-india-institute-of-medical
... enhance endosomal escape :(i) Molecular ferries (ii) Leakage-inducing molecules (iii)Physico-chemical techniques ...
... enhance endosomal escape :(i) Molecular ferries (ii) Leakage-inducing molecules (iii)Physico-chemical techniques ...
Secretion of Bacillus subtilis a-Amylase in the Periplasmic Space of
... during the secretion process and further cleaved between Glu and Leu (position B in Fig. 1b) to form the mature extracellular a-amylase. If position A of the amyE gene is joined to just after the end of the phoA signal codons to form an ‘in frame’ gene fusion, a-amylase should be expressed and secre ...
... during the secretion process and further cleaved between Glu and Leu (position B in Fig. 1b) to form the mature extracellular a-amylase. If position A of the amyE gene is joined to just after the end of the phoA signal codons to form an ‘in frame’ gene fusion, a-amylase should be expressed and secre ...
evaluation of cirrhosis liver disease via protein-protein
... whole spectrum of physiological functions including lipid and glucose metabolism, cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis, regenerative mechanisms, cell differentiation and inflammatory responses specifically in the liver. (37, 38). Dysregulations of the expression, or activity, of specific PPAR isofo ...
... whole spectrum of physiological functions including lipid and glucose metabolism, cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis, regenerative mechanisms, cell differentiation and inflammatory responses specifically in the liver. (37, 38). Dysregulations of the expression, or activity, of specific PPAR isofo ...
CSE 181 Project guidelines - Computer Science and Engineering
... • Proteins are often enzymes that catalyze reactions. • Also called “poly-peptides” *Some other amino acids exist but not in humans. ...
... • Proteins are often enzymes that catalyze reactions. • Also called “poly-peptides” *Some other amino acids exist but not in humans. ...
Plant Virus RNAs. Coordinated Recruitment of Conserved Host
... through features in their genomic RNA. An interaction between the 5# UTR and 3# translation enhancer (TED) of satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV; Tombusviridae) facilitates its cap-independent translation. Translation of STNV RNA lacking a functional TED can be restored in vitro by capping the 5 ...
... through features in their genomic RNA. An interaction between the 5# UTR and 3# translation enhancer (TED) of satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV; Tombusviridae) facilitates its cap-independent translation. Translation of STNV RNA lacking a functional TED can be restored in vitro by capping the 5 ...
Phaeospirillum oryzae sp. nov., a spheroplast
... Gram-negative, motile purple non-sulfur bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soils of paddy and were characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids, rhodopin, lycopene and rhodopin glucoside, were present as photosynthetic pigments. Intracellular photosynt ...
... Gram-negative, motile purple non-sulfur bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soils of paddy and were characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids, rhodopin, lycopene and rhodopin glucoside, were present as photosynthetic pigments. Intracellular photosynt ...
Endogenous retrovirus
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses. They are abundant in the genomes of jawed vertebrates, and they comprise up to 5–8% of the human genome (lower estimates of ~1%). ERVs are a subclass of a type of gene called a transposon, which can be packaged and moved within the genome to serve a vital role in gene expression and in regulation. Researchers have suggested that retroviruses evolved from a type of transposable gene called a retrotransposon, which includes ERVs; these genes can mutate and instead of moving to another location in the genome they can become exogenous or pathogenic. This means that all ERVs may not have originated as an insertion by a retrovirus but that some may have been the source for the genetic information in the retroviruses they resemble.