Ecological and molecular investigations of cyanotoxin production
... microcystin and nodularin) or HPLC. These methods cannot distinguish between all the di¡erent chemical isomers of the toxins. Structural di¡erences alter bioactivity, and hence may in£uence overall toxicity as a result of changes in the ratio of variably toxic isomers. Toxin data have been correlate ...
... microcystin and nodularin) or HPLC. These methods cannot distinguish between all the di¡erent chemical isomers of the toxins. Structural di¡erences alter bioactivity, and hence may in£uence overall toxicity as a result of changes in the ratio of variably toxic isomers. Toxin data have been correlate ...
Molecular and General Genetics
... TC45 and its host range derivative TC45hrN3, and OmpF protein functions as (part of) the receptor for phages TuIa and K20. Strain CE1265 containing pJP47 turned out to be resistant to phages TC45, TuIa and K20 but sensitive to TC45hrN3. Phage adsorption experiments were performed to determine whethe ...
... TC45 and its host range derivative TC45hrN3, and OmpF protein functions as (part of) the receptor for phages TuIa and K20. Strain CE1265 containing pJP47 turned out to be resistant to phages TC45, TuIa and K20 but sensitive to TC45hrN3. Phage adsorption experiments were performed to determine whethe ...
this lecture as PDF here
... the cell the free ends of the circle can be ligated to form a covalently closed circle as illustrated in Figure 5. b. Site-specific recombination - A recombination event, catalyzed by a phage coded enzyme, occurs between a particular site on the circularized phage DNA and a particular site on the ho ...
... the cell the free ends of the circle can be ligated to form a covalently closed circle as illustrated in Figure 5. b. Site-specific recombination - A recombination event, catalyzed by a phage coded enzyme, occurs between a particular site on the circularized phage DNA and a particular site on the ho ...
What is function
... Gene Ontology - flexibility • Imagine • protein 1 phosphorylates protein 2 • protein 2 binds to protein 3 (which then binds to DNA) • proteins 1, 2, or 3 may be coded on nearby genes • makes sense in terms of regulation / protein production • different metabolic functions • part of same "cellular p ...
... Gene Ontology - flexibility • Imagine • protein 1 phosphorylates protein 2 • protein 2 binds to protein 3 (which then binds to DNA) • proteins 1, 2, or 3 may be coded on nearby genes • makes sense in terms of regulation / protein production • different metabolic functions • part of same "cellular p ...
Recognition Specificity for the Bacterial Avirulence Protein AvrPto Is
... typified by rapid, localized death of host cells (Goodman and Novacky, 1994). Over the past five years, R genes that confer such “gene-for-gene” resistance to specific strains of viruses, bacteria, or fungi have been isolated from several plant species (Bent, 1996; HammondKosack and Jones, 1997). Mo ...
... typified by rapid, localized death of host cells (Goodman and Novacky, 1994). Over the past five years, R genes that confer such “gene-for-gene” resistance to specific strains of viruses, bacteria, or fungi have been isolated from several plant species (Bent, 1996; HammondKosack and Jones, 1997). Mo ...
HIV-1 Vpr-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion proteins
... molecular weight of the different Vpr-CAT fusion proteins ranged between approximately 29 kDa and 35 kDa. Analysis of viral lysates indicates that Vpr-CAT fusion proteins R1-42CAT, R1-80CAT, R1-88CAT and R1488CAT are packaged into virions at various levels as compared with the wild-type Vpr (Figure ...
... molecular weight of the different Vpr-CAT fusion proteins ranged between approximately 29 kDa and 35 kDa. Analysis of viral lysates indicates that Vpr-CAT fusion proteins R1-42CAT, R1-80CAT, R1-88CAT and R1488CAT are packaged into virions at various levels as compared with the wild-type Vpr (Figure ...
DNA recognition code of transcription factors
... molecular biology (DNA makes RNA makes protein) was proposed (Crick, 1958). Despite its remarkable verification, it is being seen increasingly as limited, for if the whole flow of information in a cell were unidirectional, all cells with the same complement of genetic material would have identical f ...
... molecular biology (DNA makes RNA makes protein) was proposed (Crick, 1958). Despite its remarkable verification, it is being seen increasingly as limited, for if the whole flow of information in a cell were unidirectional, all cells with the same complement of genetic material would have identical f ...
Definition
... The second phase of evolution and development of biotechnology can be called ‘Classical Biotechnology’. This phase existed from 1800 to almost the middle of the twentieth century. During this period various observations started pouring in, with scientific evidences. They were all very helpful toward ...
... The second phase of evolution and development of biotechnology can be called ‘Classical Biotechnology’. This phase existed from 1800 to almost the middle of the twentieth century. During this period various observations started pouring in, with scientific evidences. They were all very helpful toward ...
PhoB by Phosphate Stress and Controlled by
... hybridizing cosmid p7C9 was subcloned in part or in full into pBluescript KS(1) and pCPP30 for sequencing and complementation experiments, respectively. The S. meliloti phoB gene from strain 104A14 was previously cloned on a 2.3-kb HindIII fragment (2), and for experiments in this study this fragmen ...
... hybridizing cosmid p7C9 was subcloned in part or in full into pBluescript KS(1) and pCPP30 for sequencing and complementation experiments, respectively. The S. meliloti phoB gene from strain 104A14 was previously cloned on a 2.3-kb HindIII fragment (2), and for experiments in this study this fragmen ...
Protein kinases of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium
... basis of this wealth of new data, three additional major ePK groups were recognized (reviewed in [15]: • the casein kinase 1 (CK1) group; • the STE group, which includes many enzymes functioning in MAPK pathways, although the MAPKs themselves belong to the CMGC group (STE stands for "sterile", refer ...
... basis of this wealth of new data, three additional major ePK groups were recognized (reviewed in [15]: • the casein kinase 1 (CK1) group; • the STE group, which includes many enzymes functioning in MAPK pathways, although the MAPKs themselves belong to the CMGC group (STE stands for "sterile", refer ...
Gene silencing: RNA makes RNA makes no
... This concerns a system of virus-induced gene silencing in peas carrying a transgene based on pea seedborne mosaic virus, which has an RNA genome [10]. When the transgenic plants were inoculated with pea seedborne mosaic virus there was post-transcriptional gene silencing manifested as reduction of t ...
... This concerns a system of virus-induced gene silencing in peas carrying a transgene based on pea seedborne mosaic virus, which has an RNA genome [10]. When the transgenic plants were inoculated with pea seedborne mosaic virus there was post-transcriptional gene silencing manifested as reduction of t ...
REDESIGN OF CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE SPECIFICITY BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA
... preinoculum and grown for 3 h in the shaker at 37 ºC to an OD600 of 0.5-0.6. Cells are then chilled on ice and centrifuged at 4,000 x g for 20 min at 4 ºC. Cells should be kept at 4 ºC for the subsequent steps. After that, the pellet is immediately resuspended in 500 ml of sterile and ice-cold water ...
... preinoculum and grown for 3 h in the shaker at 37 ºC to an OD600 of 0.5-0.6. Cells are then chilled on ice and centrifuged at 4,000 x g for 20 min at 4 ºC. Cells should be kept at 4 ºC for the subsequent steps. After that, the pellet is immediately resuspended in 500 ml of sterile and ice-cold water ...
Complete Elimination of Endosymbiotic Algae from Paramecium
... In conclusion, it became clear that treatment of P. bursaria with paraquat only for 5 days completely eliminated the genomic DNA of the symbiotic algae, indicating that algae-free P. bursaria were produced. In contrast, the present study showed that no algae-free paramecia were produced by a convent ...
... In conclusion, it became clear that treatment of P. bursaria with paraquat only for 5 days completely eliminated the genomic DNA of the symbiotic algae, indicating that algae-free P. bursaria were produced. In contrast, the present study showed that no algae-free paramecia were produced by a convent ...
The polymorphism in MUC1 gene in Nelore cattle
... variations in the Nelore cattle in which the alleles with 12 and 18 repeats have not been previously described in Bos taurus Piedmontese and Italian Friesian cattle (Rasero et al. 2002). The higher frequency of the alleles with minor sizes presented in this study is in contrast to the report of Sacc ...
... variations in the Nelore cattle in which the alleles with 12 and 18 repeats have not been previously described in Bos taurus Piedmontese and Italian Friesian cattle (Rasero et al. 2002). The higher frequency of the alleles with minor sizes presented in this study is in contrast to the report of Sacc ...
Analysis of TETRAKETIDE a-PYRONE
... At1g25460, a close homolog (Figure 10) that displayed a strikingly different expression pattern and is expressed mainly in young seedlings (see Supplemental Figure 2 online). Relative protein levels were also investigated by immunoblotting protein extracts with specific polyclonal antibodies raised ...
... At1g25460, a close homolog (Figure 10) that displayed a strikingly different expression pattern and is expressed mainly in young seedlings (see Supplemental Figure 2 online). Relative protein levels were also investigated by immunoblotting protein extracts with specific polyclonal antibodies raised ...
The Euglena gracilis chloroplast rpoB gene
... We are interested in the relationship between chloroplast genes for RNA polymerase subunits and the known chloroplast polymerase activities. Antibodies against fusion proteins that contained fragments of the chloroplast genes rpoA from spinach, rpoB from tobacco, and rpoC2 from Euglena, were able to ...
... We are interested in the relationship between chloroplast genes for RNA polymerase subunits and the known chloroplast polymerase activities. Antibodies against fusion proteins that contained fragments of the chloroplast genes rpoA from spinach, rpoB from tobacco, and rpoC2 from Euglena, were able to ...
1 THE EVOLUTION OF LINE-1 IN VERTEBRATES Stéphane
... hundreds of thousands L1s that have accumulated since the origin of mammals. A single group of very similar elements is active at a time in mammals, thus a single lineage of active families has evolved in this group. In contrast, non-mammalian genomes (fish, amphibians, reptiles) harbor a large dive ...
... hundreds of thousands L1s that have accumulated since the origin of mammals. A single group of very similar elements is active at a time in mammals, thus a single lineage of active families has evolved in this group. In contrast, non-mammalian genomes (fish, amphibians, reptiles) harbor a large dive ...
Directed evolution - School of Chemical Sciences
... 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase with enhanced specific activities at low temperatures. Two of these variants maintained the wild-type thermostability, whereas the other two variants exhibited decreased thermostability. A similar reverse correlation between activity and stability was observed in the ...
... 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase with enhanced specific activities at low temperatures. Two of these variants maintained the wild-type thermostability, whereas the other two variants exhibited decreased thermostability. A similar reverse correlation between activity and stability was observed in the ...
PDF
... Methodology/Principal Findings. The whole genome sequence of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum has recently been completed. We identified and annotated genes for enzymes involved in carbohydrate pathways based on extensive EST support and comparison to the whole genome sequence of a second diatom ...
... Methodology/Principal Findings. The whole genome sequence of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum has recently been completed. We identified and annotated genes for enzymes involved in carbohydrate pathways based on extensive EST support and comparison to the whole genome sequence of a second diatom ...
Cystic Fibrosis and CFTR Gene - Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... or the frame shift). Functionally, these mutants are characterized by a loss of conductance of Cl- channel in the affected epithelia. VI-3.2. Class 2: mutations altering the cellular maturation of the protein. A number of mutations alter the maturation of the protein and thus the transport of these ...
... or the frame shift). Functionally, these mutants are characterized by a loss of conductance of Cl- channel in the affected epithelia. VI-3.2. Class 2: mutations altering the cellular maturation of the protein. A number of mutations alter the maturation of the protein and thus the transport of these ...
A systematic search for DNA methyltransferase polymorphisms
... are de novo DNMTs which are responsible for establishing DNA methylation patterns during gametogenesis and early embryogenesis (15). The DNMT1 enzyme acts primarily as a maintenance DNMT ensuring the faithful replication of DNA methylation patterns at each cell division (16,17). In addition to these ...
... are de novo DNMTs which are responsible for establishing DNA methylation patterns during gametogenesis and early embryogenesis (15). The DNMT1 enzyme acts primarily as a maintenance DNMT ensuring the faithful replication of DNA methylation patterns at each cell division (16,17). In addition to these ...
Studying the pathogenesis of renal disease in cystinosis
... (Tsilou et al. 2002). New viscous cysteamine eye preparations (Bozdag et al. ...
... (Tsilou et al. 2002). New viscous cysteamine eye preparations (Bozdag et al. ...
A family of diatom-like silicon transporters in the siliceous loricate
... contigs, mostly shorter than 250 bp, encode protein fragments similar to short stretches within this region of the protein, but the fragmentary genome data precludes determination of how many genes they represent. We conclude that D. grandis also has a family of SIT-related genes. The 50 end of the ...
... contigs, mostly shorter than 250 bp, encode protein fragments similar to short stretches within this region of the protein, but the fragmentary genome data precludes determination of how many genes they represent. We conclude that D. grandis also has a family of SIT-related genes. The 50 end of the ...
Biochemical and functional characterization of Plasmodium
... fidelity of DNA synthesis required for accurate genome replication [6]. Pol δ holoenzyme participates in replicative synthesis in concert with the processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Kinetic and binding studies have shown that PCNA increases Pol δ processivity as well as a ...
... fidelity of DNA synthesis required for accurate genome replication [6]. Pol δ holoenzyme participates in replicative synthesis in concert with the processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Kinetic and binding studies have shown that PCNA increases Pol δ processivity as well as a ...
Article Fitness Trade-Offs Determine the Role of the Molecular
... To evaluate the fitness cost associated with groE overexpression, we performed an evolution experiment under two conditions: 1) Populations evolving under very strong genetic drift imposed by frequent single-colony bottlenecks, and 2) populations evolving under mild genetic drift imposed by serial t ...
... To evaluate the fitness cost associated with groE overexpression, we performed an evolution experiment under two conditions: 1) Populations evolving under very strong genetic drift imposed by frequent single-colony bottlenecks, and 2) populations evolving under mild genetic drift imposed by serial t ...
Endogenous retrovirus
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses. They are abundant in the genomes of jawed vertebrates, and they comprise up to 5–8% of the human genome (lower estimates of ~1%). ERVs are a subclass of a type of gene called a transposon, which can be packaged and moved within the genome to serve a vital role in gene expression and in regulation. Researchers have suggested that retroviruses evolved from a type of transposable gene called a retrotransposon, which includes ERVs; these genes can mutate and instead of moving to another location in the genome they can become exogenous or pathogenic. This means that all ERVs may not have originated as an insertion by a retrovirus but that some may have been the source for the genetic information in the retroviruses they resemble.