A novel type 2A von Willebrand factor mutation located at the last
... are most functionally active in terms of VWF’s adhesive properties. VWF is the largest soluble plasma protein. The VWF gene encompasses 178 kb of genomic DNA and is comprised of 52 exons. Based on the number of exons that have to be spliced together, it is not surprising that several splicing mutati ...
... are most functionally active in terms of VWF’s adhesive properties. VWF is the largest soluble plasma protein. The VWF gene encompasses 178 kb of genomic DNA and is comprised of 52 exons. Based on the number of exons that have to be spliced together, it is not surprising that several splicing mutati ...
Viral and cellular subnuclear structures in human cytomegalovirus
... and SC35-containing structures within intrachromosomal space. IE2 bridges PML-NBs and SC35-containing structures (Ishov et al., 1997) (Fig. 1b). As transcription progresses, viral IE RNA transcripts co-localize with SC35containing bodies but not PML-NBs (Ishov et al., 1997). SC35 is a major protein ...
... and SC35-containing structures within intrachromosomal space. IE2 bridges PML-NBs and SC35-containing structures (Ishov et al., 1997) (Fig. 1b). As transcription progresses, viral IE RNA transcripts co-localize with SC35containing bodies but not PML-NBs (Ishov et al., 1997). SC35 is a major protein ...
Predicting DNA-binding sites of proteins from amino acid sequence
... identification of amino acid residues involved in protein-DNA interactions. Results: We start with a Naïve Bayes classifier trained to predict whether a given amino acid residue is a DNA-binding residue based on its identity and the identities of its sequence neighbors. The input to the classifier c ...
... identification of amino acid residues involved in protein-DNA interactions. Results: We start with a Naïve Bayes classifier trained to predict whether a given amino acid residue is a DNA-binding residue based on its identity and the identities of its sequence neighbors. The input to the classifier c ...
Article - Andrej Sali
... from the central protuberance, adjacent to two small helices that may arise from ES9L and ES10 (Figure 3C; Figure S8A). In addition, a short segment (ES30) is largely disordered, but it could affect the binding of cellular factors to the L1 stalk. Four major expansion segments form a tubular network ...
... from the central protuberance, adjacent to two small helices that may arise from ES9L and ES10 (Figure 3C; Figure S8A). In addition, a short segment (ES30) is largely disordered, but it could affect the binding of cellular factors to the L1 stalk. Four major expansion segments form a tubular network ...
Subcellular Trafficking of Mammalian Lysosomal Proteins: An
... M(X)9G and WE motifs mentioned above). This point is further supported when looking at MLN64, a lysosomal protein involved in cholesterol transport, whose sorting depends on a KSASNP motif located in its C-terminal START domain [34]. This motif mediates binding to the cytosolic protein 14-3-3 indepe ...
... M(X)9G and WE motifs mentioned above). This point is further supported when looking at MLN64, a lysosomal protein involved in cholesterol transport, whose sorting depends on a KSASNP motif located in its C-terminal START domain [34]. This motif mediates binding to the cytosolic protein 14-3-3 indepe ...
Temperature, pressure, and electrochemical
... shown in Fig. 1c, seven are ionizable at pHs of 0 to 14. Because of the availability of experimental data for amino acids, we have used them as the primary model compounds for the sidechain groups. The amino acid backbone group, denoted by [AABB], is a zwitterionic structure that itself contains two ...
... shown in Fig. 1c, seven are ionizable at pHs of 0 to 14. Because of the availability of experimental data for amino acids, we have used them as the primary model compounds for the sidechain groups. The amino acid backbone group, denoted by [AABB], is a zwitterionic structure that itself contains two ...
Genetic Dissection of Chloroplast Biogenesis and
... 2009). Recently, a large class of nuclear-encoded proteins known as PPRs (pentatricopeptide repeats) have been demonstrated to be critical for RNA processing, splicing, editing, stability, maturation, and translation in the chloroplast. In most cases the phenotypes of PPR mutations are seedling leth ...
... 2009). Recently, a large class of nuclear-encoded proteins known as PPRs (pentatricopeptide repeats) have been demonstrated to be critical for RNA processing, splicing, editing, stability, maturation, and translation in the chloroplast. In most cases the phenotypes of PPR mutations are seedling leth ...
Products for Solid State NMR - Sigma
... involve through-space and through-bond interactions. The choice which polarization transfer scheme is most suitable may depend on experimental parameters such as available MAS rate, sample conditions (for example proteoliposomes vs. microcrystals) and intrinsic molecular properties such as mobility ...
... involve through-space and through-bond interactions. The choice which polarization transfer scheme is most suitable may depend on experimental parameters such as available MAS rate, sample conditions (for example proteoliposomes vs. microcrystals) and intrinsic molecular properties such as mobility ...
1. The BCL-2 Family Reunion.
... large unstructured loop joining the inhibitory N terminus and the BH3-containing C terminus. Cleavage can be achieved by a variety of proteases; e.g., caspase-8 (via death receptors), granzyme B (cytotoxic lymphocytes), and caspase-2 (via heat shock). The proapoptotic function of BID is also enhance ...
... large unstructured loop joining the inhibitory N terminus and the BH3-containing C terminus. Cleavage can be achieved by a variety of proteases; e.g., caspase-8 (via death receptors), granzyme B (cytotoxic lymphocytes), and caspase-2 (via heat shock). The proapoptotic function of BID is also enhance ...
PCNA Protein Expression during Spermatogenesis of the
... mRNA was responsible for the production of the two PCNA proteins. To further characterize these two PCNA proteins, we used antibodies that recognized different epitopes of eel PCNA (amino acids 100-120, 180-197, and 242-260) and rat recombinant PCNA (amino acids 112-121 and 181-195). All of the anti ...
... mRNA was responsible for the production of the two PCNA proteins. To further characterize these two PCNA proteins, we used antibodies that recognized different epitopes of eel PCNA (amino acids 100-120, 180-197, and 242-260) and rat recombinant PCNA (amino acids 112-121 and 181-195). All of the anti ...
Endosomal transport of septin mRNA and protein indicates local
... (Figure 5). Hence, Cdc3GFP recovery is likely to result from localized translation (which supports the more commonly held view that RNA trafficking leads to localized translation at the target site). This result runs counter to the idea of either endosome-based protein delivery or co-translational d ...
... (Figure 5). Hence, Cdc3GFP recovery is likely to result from localized translation (which supports the more commonly held view that RNA trafficking leads to localized translation at the target site). This result runs counter to the idea of either endosome-based protein delivery or co-translational d ...
Host Factors in the Replication of Positive
... proteins, (+)RNA viruses adopt a relatively conserved process for completing the RNA replication cycle in host cells. Studies of the mechanisms of (+)RNA virus replication have suggested that this process usually involves the following steps: 1) selecting and recruiting viral (+)RNA templates; 2) ta ...
... proteins, (+)RNA viruses adopt a relatively conserved process for completing the RNA replication cycle in host cells. Studies of the mechanisms of (+)RNA virus replication have suggested that this process usually involves the following steps: 1) selecting and recruiting viral (+)RNA templates; 2) ta ...
Alfred G. Gilman - Nobel Lecture
... protein factor {33} that was eventually purified, named ADP-ribosylation factor or ARF, and found to be a low-molecular-weight GTP binding protein (34, 35). ARF is, of course, now leading a happy existence as an important regulator of protein trafficking (36) and as an activator of phospholipase D ( ...
... protein factor {33} that was eventually purified, named ADP-ribosylation factor or ARF, and found to be a low-molecular-weight GTP binding protein (34, 35). ARF is, of course, now leading a happy existence as an important regulator of protein trafficking (36) and as an activator of phospholipase D ( ...
The Cutting Edge of Affinity Electrophoresis Technology
... compound and a polysaccharide; (B) the affinity probe MPBA. 5. Supported Molecular Matrix Electrophoresis and Its Application to Affinity Electrophoresis Mucins are viscous glycoproteins produced by epithelial cells. It has been reported that changes in the structures of the sugar chains of mucins a ...
... compound and a polysaccharide; (B) the affinity probe MPBA. 5. Supported Molecular Matrix Electrophoresis and Its Application to Affinity Electrophoresis Mucins are viscous glycoproteins produced by epithelial cells. It has been reported that changes in the structures of the sugar chains of mucins a ...
Translocation of proteins across the cell envelope of Gram
... All living cells need to target newly synthesized proteins to their site of action. For extracellular proteins, this involves transport steps across one or more membranes, a process called translocation. In bacteria, the ¢rst barrier for protein translocation is the cytoplasmic membrane. This membra ...
... All living cells need to target newly synthesized proteins to their site of action. For extracellular proteins, this involves transport steps across one or more membranes, a process called translocation. In bacteria, the ¢rst barrier for protein translocation is the cytoplasmic membrane. This membra ...
The PRT protein family Sangita C Sinha* and Janet L Smith
... between layers of α helices, α1 and α2 on one face of the β sheet and α3 on the other face (Figure 1). The core fold is expanded by between two and five additional secondary structures, which vary among PRT family members. At the C-terminal edge of the core β sheet, a second domain or subdomain, kno ...
... between layers of α helices, α1 and α2 on one face of the β sheet and α3 on the other face (Figure 1). The core fold is expanded by between two and five additional secondary structures, which vary among PRT family members. At the C-terminal edge of the core β sheet, a second domain or subdomain, kno ...
From Sequence to Structure
... acceptor. Histidine is perhaps the most versatile of all the amino acids in this regard, which explains why it is also the residue most often found in enzyme active sites. It has two titratable –N–H groups, each with pKa values around 6. When one of these –N–H groups loses a proton, however, the pKa ...
... acceptor. Histidine is perhaps the most versatile of all the amino acids in this regard, which explains why it is also the residue most often found in enzyme active sites. It has two titratable –N–H groups, each with pKa values around 6. When one of these –N–H groups loses a proton, however, the pKa ...
Functional and structural roles of parasite-specific inserts in the bifunctional S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase/ornithine
... AdoMetDClODC were expressed as Strep-Tag fusion proteins as described in Chapter 3, section 3.2.2 (Krause, et al., 2000; Miiller, et al., 2000; Wrenger, et al., 2001). Mutant forms of PfAdoMetDC/ODC with individual deletion of the parasite-specific inserts, as well as single and combined insert dele ...
... AdoMetDClODC were expressed as Strep-Tag fusion proteins as described in Chapter 3, section 3.2.2 (Krause, et al., 2000; Miiller, et al., 2000; Wrenger, et al., 2001). Mutant forms of PfAdoMetDC/ODC with individual deletion of the parasite-specific inserts, as well as single and combined insert dele ...
Holding it all together? Candidate proteins for the plant Golgi matrix
... which form amphipatic a-helices that twist into a supercoil and form a long rod-like structure [23]. Long coiledcoil proteins often have structural roles; for example, in nuclear organisation, as scaffolding proteins in centrosomes, or as part of the cytoskeleton [24]. Some golgins have carboxy-term ...
... which form amphipatic a-helices that twist into a supercoil and form a long rod-like structure [23]. Long coiledcoil proteins often have structural roles; for example, in nuclear organisation, as scaffolding proteins in centrosomes, or as part of the cytoskeleton [24]. Some golgins have carboxy-term ...
Microenvironment analysis and identification of magnesium binding
... the electrostatic ®eld (44). We believe that Mg2+ binding sites can be differentiated not only by charge alone, but also by the biochemical and structural properties surrounding the binding site. We used FEATURE to study the differences between site-bound and diffusely bound Mg2+ ions in complex RNA ...
... the electrostatic ®eld (44). We believe that Mg2+ binding sites can be differentiated not only by charge alone, but also by the biochemical and structural properties surrounding the binding site. We used FEATURE to study the differences between site-bound and diffusely bound Mg2+ ions in complex RNA ...
Biochemistry 499
... Abnormal phosphorylation has been known as a cause or consequence of many human diseases, such as cancer. This stresses the importance of regulation of the enzymes involved in reversible phosphorylation, especially the protein phosphatases. There are relatively few Ser/Thr phosphatases in the cell a ...
... Abnormal phosphorylation has been known as a cause or consequence of many human diseases, such as cancer. This stresses the importance of regulation of the enzymes involved in reversible phosphorylation, especially the protein phosphatases. There are relatively few Ser/Thr phosphatases in the cell a ...
RNA-binding proteins and RNA metabolism: a new scenario in the
... activities, these proteins were recently demonstrated to participate also in the regulation of mRNA fate in neuronal cells, such as transcript stabilization, activity-dependent mRNA transport to dendrites and local translation in association to synaptic plasticity processes. In fact, a shuttling act ...
... activities, these proteins were recently demonstrated to participate also in the regulation of mRNA fate in neuronal cells, such as transcript stabilization, activity-dependent mRNA transport to dendrites and local translation in association to synaptic plasticity processes. In fact, a shuttling act ...
Membrane Proteins
... Membrane Structure Is a Bilayer • In 1925, these two physiologists extracted lipids from red blood cells and spread the lipids in a monolayer on a water surface • The film on the water was twice the surface area of the blood cells, suggesting that lipids on the cell surface consisted of two layers • ...
... Membrane Structure Is a Bilayer • In 1925, these two physiologists extracted lipids from red blood cells and spread the lipids in a monolayer on a water surface • The film on the water was twice the surface area of the blood cells, suggesting that lipids on the cell surface consisted of two layers • ...
Biochemical Evidence for the Role of the Waxy Protein fron Pea
... Dry et al. (1992) compared the amino acid sequence of the mature pea 59-kD protein (named GBSSI in that paper) deduced from the corresponding cDNA sequence with those of the maize Wx and potato Wx proteins and the glycogen synthase of Escherichia coli (see also Preiss, 1991) and could find no obviou ...
... Dry et al. (1992) compared the amino acid sequence of the mature pea 59-kD protein (named GBSSI in that paper) deduced from the corresponding cDNA sequence with those of the maize Wx and potato Wx proteins and the glycogen synthase of Escherichia coli (see also Preiss, 1991) and could find no obviou ...
AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES, AND PROTEINS
... roteins are the most abundant biological macromolecules, occurring in all cells and all parts of cells. Proteins also occur in great variety; thousands of different kinds, ranging in size from relatively small peptides to huge polymers with molecular weights in the millions, may be found in a single ...
... roteins are the most abundant biological macromolecules, occurring in all cells and all parts of cells. Proteins also occur in great variety; thousands of different kinds, ranging in size from relatively small peptides to huge polymers with molecular weights in the millions, may be found in a single ...
SR protein
SR proteins are a conserved family of proteins involved in RNA splicing. SR proteins are named because they contain a protein domain with long repeats of serine and arginine amino acid residues, whose standard abbreviations are ""S"" and ""R"" respectively. SR proteins are 50-300 amino acids in length and composed of two domains, the RNA recognition motif (RRM) region and the RS binding domain. SR proteins are more commonly found in the nucleus than the cytoplasm, but several SR proteins are known to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.SR proteins were discovered in the 1990s in Drosophila and in amphibian oocytes, and later in humans. In general, metazoans appear to have SR proteins and unicellular organisms lack SR proteins.SR proteins are important in constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, genome stabilization, nonsense-mediated decay, and translation. SR proteins alternatively splice pre-mRNA by preferentially selecting different splice sites on the pre-mRNA strands to create multiple mRNA transcripts from one pre-mRNA transcript. Once splicing is complete the SR protein may or may not remain attached to help shuttle the mRNA strand out of the nucleus. As RNA Polymerase II is transcribing DNA into RNA, SR proteins attach to newly made pre-mRNA to prevent the pre-mRNA from binding to the coding DNA strand to increase genome stabilization. Topoisomerase I and SR proteins also interact to increase genome stabilization. SR proteins can control the concentrations of specific mRNA that is successfully translated into protein by selecting for nonsense-mediated decay codons during alternative splicing. SR proteins can alternatively splice NMD codons into its own mRNA transcript to auto-regulate the concentration of SR proteins. Through the mTOR pathway and interactions with polyribosomes, SR proteins can increase translation of mRNA.Ataxia telangiectasia, neurofibromatosis type 1, several cancers, HIV-1, and spinal muscular atrophy have all been linked to alternative splicing by SR proteins.