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GFP
GFP

... Reporter genes are nucleic acid sequences encoding easily assayed proteins. They are used to replace other coding regions whose protein products are difficult to assay. ...
MCB Lecture 4 – Genes and Chromosomes
MCB Lecture 4 – Genes and Chromosomes

... code for antibiotic resistance genes. Mitochondrial DNA – 16.6 kbp long, in mitochondrion, circular. How is the circular in a bacterial DNA formed? What holds it together? Bacterial DNA is about 100,000 basepairs. It forms about 40 loops around histone like proteins (HU). RNase can completely unfold ...
Transcriptional activation by the human herpesvirus-8
Transcriptional activation by the human herpesvirus-8

... T1.1, ORF K8 and vIL-6 genes was significantly lower than in untransfected BCBL-1 or BCBL-1\anti-vIL-6 cells, while the HHV-8 sVCA and cellular actin transcripts were unaffected (Li et al., 1998). The selective repression of specific HHV-8 gene expression in cells expressing antisense to vIRF sugges ...
18 Q1 (1 point). Name three amino acids that are typically found at
18 Q1 (1 point). Name three amino acids that are typically found at

... When recombinant plasmids, exemplified below, are constructed in the laboratory, most often two restriction enzymes are used to digest the plasmid before introducing the new DNA (digested with the same two restriction enzymes) into the mcs (see figure), rather than using only a single restriction en ...
DNA, RNA, Protein Graphic Organizer
DNA, RNA, Protein Graphic Organizer

... Sickle Cell DNA/RNA Mutation Worksheet Sickle cell anemia is a disease that is passed down through families. Normal red blood cells are shaped like a disc, while sickle blood cells are shaped in a crescent shape. Sickle cell anemia is caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin helps carry ...
Ch. 15
Ch. 15

... The many breeds of dogs are maintained using inbreeding, ensuring that the characteristics that make each breed unique are preserved. ...
DNA openbook assignment
DNA openbook assignment

... 3) State two words to describe a DNA molecule shape? ___________ __________ 4) In which organelle in the cell does the DNA exist? ____________________ 5) DNA in human cells is wound up into 23 pairs of ____________________ 6) Which of the bases in number 1 pair together? ____ / ____ and ____ / ___ 7 ...
Power Point
Power Point

... multiple binding sites for the Gal4p transcriptional activator ...
activator - Cardinal Newman High School
activator - Cardinal Newman High School

... • To initiate transcription, eukaryotic RNA polymerase requires the assistance of proteins called transcription factors • General transcription factors are essential for the transcription of all protein-coding genes • In eukaryotes, high levels of transcription of particular genes depend on control ...
Chapter 34
Chapter 34

... Prokaryotic Diversity • Recognition that there are two fundamentally different kinds of prokaryotes – Bacteria – Archaea ...
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... 2. The blue-white screen for recombinant plasmids involves the tetracyclin-resistance gene. F 3. Southern blotting is used for the analysis of total RNA. F 4. DNA fingerprinting in forensic science and in paternity tests makes use of VNTRs. T 5. SNPs enable the most refined mapping of genes on chrom ...
Protein Synthesis Notes
Protein Synthesis Notes

... A. Why are proteins made and what does this have to do with genetics? 1. DNA holds the information to make proteins 2. A “gene” is a segment of DNA that codes for 1 protein B. DNA holds the recipes for making proteins. It uses RNA (the “chefs”) to send these recipes to the ribosomes (“kitchen”) so t ...
LEARNING GOALS - PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Main Idea
LEARNING GOALS - PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Main Idea

... 1. The enzyme RNA-polymerase reads the DNA molecule in the 3’ to 5’ direction and synthesizes complementary mRNA molecules that determine the order of amino acids in the polypeptide. 2. In eukaryotic cells the mRNA transcript undergoes a series of enzymeregulated modifications. Examples include o Ad ...
Prof. Mario Feingold – Dept. of Physics
Prof. Mario Feingold – Dept. of Physics

... Single Molecule Studies of DNA-protein interactions - We use Optical Tweezers to manipulated single DNA molecules. This method can be used to probe various processes in which the DNA plays a role. In particular, we propose to use this approach to study the interaction between the DNA and sequence sp ...
Molecular genetics of bacteria
Molecular genetics of bacteria

... • Many genes in prokaryotes are grouped together in the DNA and are regulated as a unit. Genes are usually for enzymes that function together in the same pathway. • At the upstream end are sections of DNA that do not code, but rather are binding sites for proteins involved in regulation (turning gen ...
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... translation, the subunits exist separately. • The small subunit (40S) has one ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (18S) and 33 proteins. • The large subunit (60S) has three molecules of rRNA (28S, 5.8S, 5S) and 49 different proteins. • Ribosomal subunits are held together by ionic and hydrophobic forces (not coval ...
printable
printable

... • during transcription, one strand is copied into mRNA (messenger ...
Pyrimidines
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PotuS!977m - BioMedSearch
PotuS!977m - BioMedSearch

... KS+ and pBkjescriptil KS-, varying in the orientation of their polylinker (KS versus SK) and fl origin (+ versus -) have been generated. These vectors were designed to facilitate rapid mapping of DNA inserts. The mapping technique, based on a strategy described by Wahl at at (ref. 1), requires the p ...
Transcription and Translation
Transcription and Translation

... • All rRNA genes are transcribed as a large precursor molecule that is edited by ribonucleases after transcription to yield the final r RNA products ...
RNA and Protein
RNA and Protein

... has thymine has a deoxyribose sugar ...
Protein Synthesis Simulation
Protein Synthesis Simulation

... 6. The “Met” amino acid is the “start” codon and allows protein synthesis to begin. Find this codon on the RNA strand. Position the green window over it and click. 7. Build the protein by dragging the correct amino acid sequence from the “Universal Genetic Code Chart” into the box. Record the amino ...
protein synthesis
protein synthesis

... modifying teacher in his or her classroom, or shared with other teachers of Science and Global Issues within the teacher’s school district, with these same restrictions. Modified slides may not be taken out of the classroom or distributed to any non-student person or organization. Except for use wit ...
Unit 4
Unit 4

... Nucleic acids have specific sequences of monomers that are like bits of information – much like the letters of the alphabet. In DNA or RNA, the monomers are the four types of nucleotides, which differ in their nitrogenous bases. Genes are hundreds of thousands of nucleotides long – each gene with a ...
7 - Nature
7 - Nature

... 17p13.3 between markers D17S1866 and D17S1574 in cancers. (b) Genomic organization of the human miR-22 locus. (c) RNA editing of miR-22 precursor. Bold bases form mature miR22; boxed sequence is miR-22 seed region; red bases with arrows are prone to editing. (d) Phylogenetic conservation of the non- ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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