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S9. Computational Molecular Modeling
S9. Computational Molecular Modeling

... laboratory (Supplemental file S8) and I incorporate this assignment into the week 4 in-laboratory discussion. While I do check to see that the students have attempted the assignment prior to the laboratory meeting, I allow the students to correct the assignment as we discuss it during the laboratory ...
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... o Which is referring to transcription? Translation? y 3 types of RNA and functions: mRNA, rRNA, tRNA (pg 219) y Table 12-1 on pg 219 y What is transcription? What is translation? Where does each take place? y 3 differences between DNA & RNA: sugar, T vs. U, double vs. single strand y If I give you a ...
Review for Final Summer 2011
Review for Final Summer 2011

...  Where in the cell does each take place? (Fig on pg 222) o Which is referring to transcription? Translation?  3 types of RNA and functions: mRNA, rRNA, tRNA (pg 219)  Table 12-1 on pg 219  What is transcription? What is translation? Where does each take place?  3 differences between DNA & RNA: ...
institute for genes and environment at northwestern medicine
institute for genes and environment at northwestern medicine

... gene expression, and environmental factors impact whether a person develops an illness or not. The genes each one of us expresses may determine vulnerabilities, susceptibilities, or our resistance to disease. As important, the environment in which we live impacts gene expression and function and, he ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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