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The Robust Australopithecines: Evidence for the genus Paranthropus
The Robust Australopithecines: Evidence for the genus Paranthropus

... Homo followed turned out to be very different from that of Paranthropus. It can be argued that the key variable in the endurance and survival of the australopithecines and Homo was 'culture' and the paranthropines were lacking in this ability for culture. Although the environmental pressures resulte ...
THE PHYLOGENETIC DISTRIBUTION OF A FEMALE PREFERENCE
THE PHYLOGENETIC DISTRIBUTION OF A FEMALE PREFERENCE

... for a male trait exists; that is, mate choice model demonstrate that in some cases a rewill favor the male trait if it arises. Muta- sponse to certain patterns not previously tions that occur at low frequencies and re- encountered can be stronger than a result in new male traits may be lost before s ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... The ecological phenotype, z, determines the resources that an individual can exploit. Examples of ecological phenotypes in nature include habitat preference (which determines the resources an individual encounters) and gape width (which determines the size of the food particles an individual can ing ...
PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION IN LABORATORY ENVIRONMENTS
PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION IN LABORATORY ENVIRONMENTS

... including acute selection for performance at extreme temperatures and laboratory natural selection of populations maintained continuously at moderately high or low temperatures. Despite the different methodologies, selection experiments highlight the ample genetic variation for thermal resistance. D ...
CONRAD AND MALINOWSKI: THE PREDICAMENT OF CULTURE
CONRAD AND MALINOWSKI: THE PREDICAMENT OF CULTURE

... idea of perfection is quite similar to the idea of progress and development. That is why we can agree with Stocking that Tylor “...simply took the contemporary humanist idea of culture and fitted it into the framework of progressive social evolutionism.”20 There is also another similarity between Arn ...
Interaction-based evolution: how natural selection and nonrandom
Interaction-based evolution: how natural selection and nonrandom

... Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
Final Exam
Final Exam

... SAQ #1. Please state and BRIEFLY explain the major objectives of this course in evolution. Recall there were 5 objectives in all, and the 5th one is given below. I need the other 4. #1. – (4 pts.) #2. – (4 pts.) #3. – (4 pts.) #4. – (4 pts.) #5. – Understand the Uses and Effects of the Theory of Evo ...
Mollie K. Manier: Evolution Faculty Search
Mollie K. Manier: Evolution Faculty Search

... My research explores the causes and consequences of adaptive divergence in reproductive traits with a focus on the functional significance of morphological variation. My research program asks (1) if microevolution of sperm competition mechanisms within species can predict interspecific incompatibili ...
Developmental buffering: how many genes?
Developmental buffering: how many genes?

... Although most studies of Hsp90 and phenotypic variability have been conducted in Drosophila, similar patterns appear also to hold for other organisms. In zebrafish, pharmacological inhibition and knockdown of Hsp90 induced a range of specific abnormalities depending on the genotype (Yeyati et al. 2007 ...
Consulta: subjectFacets:"Mediterranean country" Registros
Consulta: subjectFacets:"Mediterranean country" Registros

... This study reports on the analysis of 21 local melon cultivars (Cucumis melo L.) collected in the South of Tunisia which were compared to three modern melon cultivars widely-grown in this area. The analysis was based on the morphological characterization of fruits. Modern cultivars were significantl ...
Variation and its response to selection
Variation and its response to selection

... Frequency ...
Adaptive Dynamics with Interaction Structure.
Adaptive Dynamics with Interaction Structure.

... Smith and Price 1973) and on frequency dynamics in infinite populations (Taylor and Jonker 1978), much recent attention has been devoted to individual-based evolutionary game models (IBEG models) in which births, deaths, game interactions, and other events are represented explicitly (Nowak and May 1 ...
The formal Darwinism project: a mid
The formal Darwinism project: a mid

... equation as the equation of motion, as it can simultaneously represent diploidy, haploidy and haplodiploidy (and indeed ploidy that varies individually); sexual and asexual reproduction (and mixtures); one-locus, twolocus, few-locus and many-locus models; and takes the same form in the presence of e ...
File - Data Mining and Soft computing techniques
File - Data Mining and Soft computing techniques

... The origin of evolutionary algorithms was an attempt to mimic some of the processes taking place in natural evolution. Although the details of biological evolution are not completely understood (even nowadays), there exist some points supported by a strong experimental evidence: Evolution is a proce ...
THE USE OF MOLECULAR GENETICS IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF
THE USE OF MOLECULAR GENETICS IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF

... The use of molecular genetics in selection programmes rests on the ability to determine the genotype of individuals for causal mutations or indirect markers using DNA analysis. This information is then used to assess the genetic value of the individual, which can be captured in a MOLECULAR SCORE tha ...
ppt
ppt

Compatible genetic and ecological estimates of dispersal rates in
Compatible genetic and ecological estimates of dispersal rates in

... lifetimes, although infrequent dispersal over 1 km has been recorded (Hunger & Röske 2001; Purse et al. 2003; Watts et al. 2004a). Accordingly, in the absence of landscape features that restrict movement, IBD genetic structure develops within large (a few kilometres) habitat patches (Watts et al. 20 ...
How Life Began – Evolution`s Three Geneses
How Life Began – Evolution`s Three Geneses

... Meinesz sets the tone of the book in chapter one when he talks about a friend’s determination to retain ownership of land in which some of the oldest prehistoric cave paintings are found. It is a metaphor perhaps for our common ownership of our past, for Meinesz goes on to discuss the various creat ...
What is Anthropology?
What is Anthropology?

1 - F
1 - F

... Native range (Vietnam, right), versus an introduced population (the island of Réunion, left) (from L. Amsellem et al. 2000. Mol. Ecol. 9: 443-455. ...
proximate-ultimate-ms-feb2014 (Harvard) - Philsci
proximate-ultimate-ms-feb2014 (Harvard) - Philsci

... have been debating how the distinction (here abbreviated as PUD) should be understood, what conceptual work it does, and how it can illuminate debates about issues such as niche construction and evolutionary developmental biology (Laland et al 2011; Laland et al 2012; Haig 2013; Dickins, & Barton 20 ...
Mutations and quantitative genetic variation: lessons from Drosophila
Mutations and quantitative genetic variation: lessons from Drosophila

... A central issue in evolutionary quantitative genetics is to understand how genetic variation for quantitative traits is maintained in natural populations. Estimates of genetic variation and of genetic correlations and pleiotropy among multiple traits, inbreeding depression, mutation rates for fitnes ...
Symbiotic Sympatric Speciation: Compliance with Interaction
Symbiotic Sympatric Speciation: Compliance with Interaction

... so easy following this standard evolutionary genetics. If slight genetic change leads to slight phenotype change, then individuals arising from mutation from the same genetic group differ only slightly according to this picture. Then, these individuals compete each other for the same niche. Unless t ...
Adaptation and Inclusive Fitness
Adaptation and Inclusive Fitness

the mutation matrix and the evolution of evolvability
the mutation matrix and the evolution of evolvability

... mutation. The M-matrix is the most important genetic parameter affecting evolvability, so the extent to which M evolves and responds to selection will provide direct insights into the evolution of evolvability. Our second goal is to determine how an evolving pattern of pleiotropic mutation might aff ...
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Dual inheritance theory

Dual inheritance theory (DIT), also known as gene–culture coevolution or biocultural evolution, was developed in the 1960's through early 1980s to explain how human behavior is a product of two different and interacting evolutionary processes: genetic evolution and cultural evolution. In DIT, culture is defined as information and/or behavior acquired through social learning. One of the theory's central claims is that culture evolves partly through a Darwinian selection process, which dual inheritance theorists often describe by analogy to genetic evolution.'Culture', in this context is defined as 'socially learned behavior', and 'social learning' is defined as copying behaviors observed in others or acquiring behaviors through being taught by others. Most of the modeling done in the field relies on the first dynamic (copying) though it can be extended to teaching. Social learning at its simplest involves blind copying of behaviors from a model (someone observed behaving), though it is also understood to have many potential biases, including success bias (copying from those who are perceived to be better off), status bias (copying from those with higher status), homophily (copying from those most like ourselves), conformist bias (disproportionately picking up behaviors that more people are performing), etc.. Understanding social learning is a system of pattern replication, and understanding that there are different rates of survival for different socially learned cultural variants, this sets up, by definition, an evolutionary structure: Cultural Evolution.Because genetic evolution is relatively well understood, most of DIT examines cultural evolution and the interactions between cultural evolution and genetic evolution.
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