B - Dendrome
... To understand marker-informed breeding, we will first set the stage by briefly reviewing… Mendelian genetics describes inheritance from parents to offspring – discrete qualitative traits (including genetic markers) – predicts frequencies of offspring given specific matings ...
... To understand marker-informed breeding, we will first set the stage by briefly reviewing… Mendelian genetics describes inheritance from parents to offspring – discrete qualitative traits (including genetic markers) – predicts frequencies of offspring given specific matings ...
as a PDF - University of Sussex
... selectively neutral mutation [19, 5] initiated a debate amongst biologists which continues to this day. More recently, research into the structure of RNA secondary structure folding landscapes [8, 10, 14, 24] led to the concept of neutral networks. These are connected networks of genotypes which map ...
... selectively neutral mutation [19, 5] initiated a debate amongst biologists which continues to this day. More recently, research into the structure of RNA secondary structure folding landscapes [8, 10, 14, 24] led to the concept of neutral networks. These are connected networks of genotypes which map ...
Oakley
... stemmata originated in this way. In these cases, the structure is duplicated in a morphological sense, but each individual structure is also the product of the same wavegenerating process. Fates of duplicated eyes Regardless of the mechanism, once a replicated eye originates, three fates are possibl ...
... stemmata originated in this way. In these cases, the structure is duplicated in a morphological sense, but each individual structure is also the product of the same wavegenerating process. Fates of duplicated eyes Regardless of the mechanism, once a replicated eye originates, three fates are possibl ...
Neutral Theory
... the substitution rate is determined by the product of the effective population size, the selection coefficient, and the rate of adaptive mutation and is thus unlikely to be constant across different evolutionary lineages. Therefore, the molecularclock phenomenon is considered one of the strongest p ...
... the substitution rate is determined by the product of the effective population size, the selection coefficient, and the rate of adaptive mutation and is thus unlikely to be constant across different evolutionary lineages. Therefore, the molecularclock phenomenon is considered one of the strongest p ...
Population genetics and the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory
... − You can’t have a phenotype without genes, and you can’t have a phenotype that did not develop in some environment − both are necessarily part of the process − so the genetic processes we are looking at are not the whole story about why individuals have certain traits − but they ARE the processes t ...
... − You can’t have a phenotype without genes, and you can’t have a phenotype that did not develop in some environment − both are necessarily part of the process − so the genetic processes we are looking at are not the whole story about why individuals have certain traits − but they ARE the processes t ...
The long-term evolution of multi- locus traits under
... through small phenotypic steps will proceed towards z* = 0 , with each step corresponding to the mutation and subsequent substitution of an allele. The latter implies that no allele coding for an alternative phenotype will be able to invade once the phenotype z* = 0 has been established, and, theref ...
... through small phenotypic steps will proceed towards z* = 0 , with each step corresponding to the mutation and subsequent substitution of an allele. The latter implies that no allele coding for an alternative phenotype will be able to invade once the phenotype z* = 0 has been established, and, theref ...
Weak Selection and Protein Evolution
... Corresponding author: Division of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] ...
... Corresponding author: Division of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] ...
video slide - CARNES AP BIO
... table of numbers that reflect a change in the genetic makeup of a population over time and to apply mathematical methods and conceptual understandings to investigate the cause(s) and effect(s) of this change. – (1.2) The student is able to evaluate evidence provided by data to qualitatively and quan ...
... table of numbers that reflect a change in the genetic makeup of a population over time and to apply mathematical methods and conceptual understandings to investigate the cause(s) and effect(s) of this change. – (1.2) The student is able to evaluate evidence provided by data to qualitatively and quan ...
Text (Open Access) - Reading`s CentAUR
... The values of b and c in figure 1a were chosen such that b < 4c, so that according to Hamilton’s rule for half sibs the S allele should spread to fixation. Figure 1a shows however that although the S allele does spread initially, it gets stuck at q = 0.48. Figure 1b shows that the rate of spread of ...
... The values of b and c in figure 1a were chosen such that b < 4c, so that according to Hamilton’s rule for half sibs the S allele should spread to fixation. Figure 1a shows however that although the S allele does spread initially, it gets stuck at q = 0.48. Figure 1b shows that the rate of spread of ...
DESIGNING ARTIFICIAL SELECTION EXPERIMENTS
... (1973). and by computer simulation studies by GILL(1965). Another source of variation in selected or control populations is genotype by environment interactions. These interactions may be between lines and generation environments, or they may exist between lines and the environments of replications ...
... (1973). and by computer simulation studies by GILL(1965). Another source of variation in selected or control populations is genotype by environment interactions. These interactions may be between lines and generation environments, or they may exist between lines and the environments of replications ...
Chapter 1 What is Biological Anthropology
... (Answer c; page 3) 4. A hominin is a. an ape-like primate that walks on two legs b. a non-human animal c. an example of a “paradigm” d. none of these (Answer a; page 3) ...
... (Answer c; page 3) 4. A hominin is a. an ape-like primate that walks on two legs b. a non-human animal c. an example of a “paradigm” d. none of these (Answer a; page 3) ...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
... a head (this issue was revisited in the 1990s with the publication of Herrnstein and Murray (1999)), and in the late 1970s and early 1980s sociobiology came under critical scrutiny. Both proponents of the hereditary nature of IQ and sociobiologists made a connection between human behavioral traits a ...
... a head (this issue was revisited in the 1990s with the publication of Herrnstein and Murray (1999)), and in the late 1970s and early 1980s sociobiology came under critical scrutiny. Both proponents of the hereditary nature of IQ and sociobiologists made a connection between human behavioral traits a ...
Chapter 11
... A diagram that traces the inheritance of a particular trait through several generations ...
... A diagram that traces the inheritance of a particular trait through several generations ...
Phenotypic Plasticity in Life-History Traits: Demographic Effects and
... variation leads to time-varying matrix models: plasticity in response to spatial variation leads to models structured by criteria other than age. The adaptive value of such plasticity can be assessed by calculating its effects on a suitable measure of fitness: long-term growth rate for time-invarian ...
... variation leads to time-varying matrix models: plasticity in response to spatial variation leads to models structured by criteria other than age. The adaptive value of such plasticity can be assessed by calculating its effects on a suitable measure of fitness: long-term growth rate for time-invarian ...
Alan Robertson
... a consequence of an intermediate optimum with respect to fitness. Individuals with extreme values of the traits are more fit either because stabilizing selection acts directly on the trait or because extreme individuals are more homozygous and heterozygotes are less fit. For both models there are pr ...
... a consequence of an intermediate optimum with respect to fitness. Individuals with extreme values of the traits are more fit either because stabilizing selection acts directly on the trait or because extreme individuals are more homozygous and heterozygotes are less fit. For both models there are pr ...
Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits
... genetic dissection of complex traits, geneticists try to stack the deck in their favor. By narrowing the definition of a disease or restricting the patient population, it is often possible to work with a trait that is more nearly Mendelian in its inheritance pattern ...
... genetic dissection of complex traits, geneticists try to stack the deck in their favor. By narrowing the definition of a disease or restricting the patient population, it is often possible to work with a trait that is more nearly Mendelian in its inheritance pattern ...
quant - eweb.furman.edu
... - Traits affected by many genes have a higher probability of including a pleiotrophic gene – a gene that affects more than one trait. So, we might expect complex, quantitative traits to be CORRELATED to other traits. If selection is acting on both traits in different ways, neither will be “optimized ...
... - Traits affected by many genes have a higher probability of including a pleiotrophic gene – a gene that affects more than one trait. So, we might expect complex, quantitative traits to be CORRELATED to other traits. If selection is acting on both traits in different ways, neither will be “optimized ...
Commentary: Genotype does not determine phenotype
... Ancestral influence! As to heredity, it is a mystical expression for a fiction. The ancestral influences are the ‘ghosts’ in genetics, but generally the belief in ghosts is still powerful.1 ...
... Ancestral influence! As to heredity, it is a mystical expression for a fiction. The ancestral influences are the ‘ghosts’ in genetics, but generally the belief in ghosts is still powerful.1 ...
Darwinism About Darwinism - Peter Godfrey
... to combine different idealizations to turn them into abstractions. There are good reasons to think that is a lost cause. For instance, the notion of fitness, which appears in all summaries, cannot be expressed as one and the same parameter for predicting change in all possible cases. The notion of f ...
... to combine different idealizations to turn them into abstractions. There are good reasons to think that is a lost cause. For instance, the notion of fitness, which appears in all summaries, cannot be expressed as one and the same parameter for predicting change in all possible cases. The notion of f ...
The Relative Contributions of the X Chromosome and Autosomes to
... and Connallon 2013). Theory predicts that X-linked genes should adapt more rapidly than the autosomes when beneficial mutations are partially or completely recessive. Consequently, the frequent empirical observations of Faster-X rates of adaptive substitution could imply that beneficial alleles are, ...
... and Connallon 2013). Theory predicts that X-linked genes should adapt more rapidly than the autosomes when beneficial mutations are partially or completely recessive. Consequently, the frequent empirical observations of Faster-X rates of adaptive substitution could imply that beneficial alleles are, ...
The American Naturalist
... This is interesting, because in such cases, males have more to gain from mate choice in terms of indirect genetic benefits than do females. Also note that nongenetic maternal effects on offspring performance are commonly very large, and they inflate the maternal variance component further (e.g., Hun ...
... This is interesting, because in such cases, males have more to gain from mate choice in terms of indirect genetic benefits than do females. Also note that nongenetic maternal effects on offspring performance are commonly very large, and they inflate the maternal variance component further (e.g., Hun ...
Capturing the superorganism: a formal theory of group adaptation
... We consider a very large, finite population of individuals with arbitrary (although not mixed) ploidy, organized into M groups of size N within which all social interactions take place. (Mathematical notation used in this article is summarized in Table 1.) We assume discrete, nonoverlapping generati ...
... We consider a very large, finite population of individuals with arbitrary (although not mixed) ploidy, organized into M groups of size N within which all social interactions take place. (Mathematical notation used in this article is summarized in Table 1.) We assume discrete, nonoverlapping generati ...