Aldehydes and Ketones The Carbonyl Group
... The Polarity of the Carbonyl Group • Since there is no hydrogen on the carbonyl oxygen, aldehydes and ketones do not form hydrogen bonds with themselves. • Aldehydes and ketones therefore have boiling points that are in between those of alcohols and hydrocarbons of the same molecular weight: – Alcoh ...
... The Polarity of the Carbonyl Group • Since there is no hydrogen on the carbonyl oxygen, aldehydes and ketones do not form hydrogen bonds with themselves. • Aldehydes and ketones therefore have boiling points that are in between those of alcohols and hydrocarbons of the same molecular weight: – Alcoh ...
Fundamental Knowledge for Analysis of Chemical Reactor
... Production of propylene glycol by the hydrolysis of propylene oxide: continuous feedstream: equivolumetric mixture of P.O. and methanol 2.5 times volume of 0.1%H2SO4 water solution uniform concentration and temperature inside whole reactor products is continuously discharged from reactor with the sa ...
... Production of propylene glycol by the hydrolysis of propylene oxide: continuous feedstream: equivolumetric mixture of P.O. and methanol 2.5 times volume of 0.1%H2SO4 water solution uniform concentration and temperature inside whole reactor products is continuously discharged from reactor with the sa ...
A Direct Access to 3-(2-Oxoalkyl)indoles via
... compounds8a,b or nitroethane (followed by the treatment with either NaOMe/TiCl3 or Fe/HOAc),4c,8c (b) the ring opening of epoxides by indole in the presence of lanthanide cations6d or organometallic reagents [followed by oxidation in the presence of Al(OPr-i)3 or Swern’s reagent],7,8d,e (c) the Lewi ...
... compounds8a,b or nitroethane (followed by the treatment with either NaOMe/TiCl3 or Fe/HOAc),4c,8c (b) the ring opening of epoxides by indole in the presence of lanthanide cations6d or organometallic reagents [followed by oxidation in the presence of Al(OPr-i)3 or Swern’s reagent],7,8d,e (c) the Lewi ...
1 Unit 11-12: Equilibrium and Acid/Bases Notes Colligative
... ‐ a direct relationship between kinetic energy and temperature exists ‐ the higher the temp, the faster the molecules will go ‐ more chaotic motion will lead to more collisions Increase surface area of reactants ‐ the more sites exposed to react, the more collisions can occur ‐ a large piece ...
... ‐ a direct relationship between kinetic energy and temperature exists ‐ the higher the temp, the faster the molecules will go ‐ more chaotic motion will lead to more collisions Increase surface area of reactants ‐ the more sites exposed to react, the more collisions can occur ‐ a large piece ...
SULFONATION OF BY SO3
... sulfur trioxide is with an alkyl benzene whereby the sulfonated alkyl benzene is obtained. Such reactions are quite rapid and are accompanied by the evolution of heat; usually these reactions are so highly exothermic that the heat evolution may cause charring (i.e., discoloration and product impurit ...
... sulfur trioxide is with an alkyl benzene whereby the sulfonated alkyl benzene is obtained. Such reactions are quite rapid and are accompanied by the evolution of heat; usually these reactions are so highly exothermic that the heat evolution may cause charring (i.e., discoloration and product impurit ...
BHR - A Brief History - Process Intensification Network
... Three main issues with the running of these trials ...
... Three main issues with the running of these trials ...
Spring Exam 4 - Chemistry
... Grading and Reporting: The examination scores will be posted in Blackboard as soon as possible after the examination. If an error has been made in scoring your answers, tell your instructor within 48 hours of the posting of your score. Be sure that your test has 60 questions, a periodic table, and t ...
... Grading and Reporting: The examination scores will be posted in Blackboard as soon as possible after the examination. If an error has been made in scoring your answers, tell your instructor within 48 hours of the posting of your score. Be sure that your test has 60 questions, a periodic table, and t ...
PPT - Gmu
... carbon bearing the leaving group, which departs from back side of molecule. b. A conversion of the molecular configuration occurs. c. Multi-molecular - Reaction depends on the concentration of each of the reactants; thus the reaction is at least second order (sum of exponents in rate equation is >= ...
... carbon bearing the leaving group, which departs from back side of molecule. b. A conversion of the molecular configuration occurs. c. Multi-molecular - Reaction depends on the concentration of each of the reactants; thus the reaction is at least second order (sum of exponents in rate equation is >= ...
The Carbonyl Group Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones
... – 3-ethyl-2-butanone (what’s wrong with this name?) ...
... – 3-ethyl-2-butanone (what’s wrong with this name?) ...
Organic Chemistry – Summary of Reactions and Conditions
... Knowledge of possible mechanisms required. Note the difference in reagent and conditions in reaction 3. H2O has a lone pair of electrons and can act as a nucleophile in a similar way to OH -. Lacking an overall negative charge, H2O is a weaker nucleophile than OH-. One method of following the reacti ...
... Knowledge of possible mechanisms required. Note the difference in reagent and conditions in reaction 3. H2O has a lone pair of electrons and can act as a nucleophile in a similar way to OH -. Lacking an overall negative charge, H2O is a weaker nucleophile than OH-. One method of following the reacti ...
Print this article - Bangladesh Journals Online
... assignable for protons Hd and Ha respectively. The two doublets of doublet at δ 6.5 (JHa-Hb = JHb-Hc = J = 8.0 Hz) and 6.9 (JHb-Hc= JHc-Hd = J = 8.0 Hz) accounts for the Ha and Hd respectively, while the relatively downfield signal at δ 8.5 has been assigned for the imine (=N-H) proton of 2-mercapto ...
... assignable for protons Hd and Ha respectively. The two doublets of doublet at δ 6.5 (JHa-Hb = JHb-Hc = J = 8.0 Hz) and 6.9 (JHb-Hc= JHc-Hd = J = 8.0 Hz) accounts for the Ha and Hd respectively, while the relatively downfield signal at δ 8.5 has been assigned for the imine (=N-H) proton of 2-mercapto ...
08_Lecture - HCC Learning Web
... There are seven elements that exist as diatomic molecules: 1. H2 ...
... There are seven elements that exist as diatomic molecules: 1. H2 ...
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
... · When 2 or more reactants are combined in nonstoichiometric ratios, the amount of product produced is limited by the reactant that is not in excess. · This reactant is referred to as limiting reactant. · When doing stoichiometric problems of this type, the limiting reactant must be determined ...
... · When 2 or more reactants are combined in nonstoichiometric ratios, the amount of product produced is limited by the reactant that is not in excess. · This reactant is referred to as limiting reactant. · When doing stoichiometric problems of this type, the limiting reactant must be determined ...
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
... derivatives. The relationship of these compounds to biochemical is also discussed. Students registering for this course must also register for CHEM 2310L which is the laboratory component of the course. ...
... derivatives. The relationship of these compounds to biochemical is also discussed. Students registering for this course must also register for CHEM 2310L which is the laboratory component of the course. ...
pcc-sio2.alcohol.oxi..
... overoxidation is avoided using Swern conditions, the annoying odor of by-products and troublesome removal of DMSO may make the purification of products lengthy. The anhydrous conditions maintained by a PCC/silica gel oxidation serve to minimize the formation of carboxylic acids as products of the si ...
... overoxidation is avoided using Swern conditions, the annoying odor of by-products and troublesome removal of DMSO may make the purification of products lengthy. The anhydrous conditions maintained by a PCC/silica gel oxidation serve to minimize the formation of carboxylic acids as products of the si ...
Asymmetric induction
Asymmetric induction (also enantioinduction) in stereochemistry describes the preferential formation in a chemical reaction of one enantiomer or diastereoisomer over the other as a result of the influence of a chiral feature present in the substrate, reagent, catalyst or environment. Asymmetric induction is a key element in asymmetric synthesis.Asymmetric induction was introduced by Hermann Emil Fischer based on his work on carbohydrates. Several types of induction exist.Internal asymmetric induction makes use of a chiral center bound to the reactive center through a covalent bond and remains so during the reaction. The starting material is often derived from chiral pool synthesis. In relayed asymmetric induction the chiral information is introduced in a separate step and removed again in a separate chemical reaction. Special synthons are called chiral auxiliaries. In external asymmetric induction chiral information is introduced in the transition state through a catalyst of chiral ligand. This method of asymmetric synthesis is economically most desirable.