Visible light photooxidation of nitrate: the dawn of
... oxidation of non-activated alcohols. In this reaction, NO3 acts as a redox mediator, which is regenerated during the catalytic cycle, according to the mechanism in Scheme 4. Initial HAT from the alcohol carbon atom by NO3 29 leads to the regeneration of NO3 as nitric acid and formation of radical ...
... oxidation of non-activated alcohols. In this reaction, NO3 acts as a redox mediator, which is regenerated during the catalytic cycle, according to the mechanism in Scheme 4. Initial HAT from the alcohol carbon atom by NO3 29 leads to the regeneration of NO3 as nitric acid and formation of radical ...
RheniumCatalyzed Deoxydehydration of Diols and Polyols
... While the majority of oil, coal, and gas is used for energy production, the realization of an economy completely independent of fossil resources also requires biomass-based substitutes for polymers, medicine, pesticides, and so forth.[1] The evergrowing world population makes it questionable to use ...
... While the majority of oil, coal, and gas is used for energy production, the realization of an economy completely independent of fossil resources also requires biomass-based substitutes for polymers, medicine, pesticides, and so forth.[1] The evergrowing world population makes it questionable to use ...
PDF w - ACS Publications - American Chemical Society
... photolysis of [Cp(CO)2Os]2 in C6D6 or THF-d8 in the presence of excess 1,4-cyclohexadiene led to the formation of the osmium hydride, Cp(CO)2OsH in 83−88% yield, together with benzene. Interestingly, the photolysis of [Cp(CO)2Os]2 in the absence of CHD in THF also afforded Cp(CO)2OsH in ∼30% yield. T ...
... photolysis of [Cp(CO)2Os]2 in C6D6 or THF-d8 in the presence of excess 1,4-cyclohexadiene led to the formation of the osmium hydride, Cp(CO)2OsH in 83−88% yield, together with benzene. Interestingly, the photolysis of [Cp(CO)2Os]2 in the absence of CHD in THF also afforded Cp(CO)2OsH in ∼30% yield. T ...
Notes 10
... • Characteristics which allow this classification are listed on the next slide, and will be studied in greater detail in the next two sections. • In order to develop predictive tools, we need to understand reasons why these observations are important. That is, we need to develop proposals for two di ...
... • Characteristics which allow this classification are listed on the next slide, and will be studied in greater detail in the next two sections. • In order to develop predictive tools, we need to understand reasons why these observations are important. That is, we need to develop proposals for two di ...
Disproportionation of Monolithium Acetylide into
... This Note establishes for the first time that disproportionation of lithium acetylide into dilithium carbide and acetylene is a reversible process in THF at 0 °C and that such an equilibrium may be readily displaced by addition of an electrophile (Scheme 2). Addition of a 1.6 M solution of n-butylli ...
... This Note establishes for the first time that disproportionation of lithium acetylide into dilithium carbide and acetylene is a reversible process in THF at 0 °C and that such an equilibrium may be readily displaced by addition of an electrophile (Scheme 2). Addition of a 1.6 M solution of n-butylli ...
Unit 5 Chemical Kinetics Section 5.1 Rates of Chemical Reaction
... Reaction mechanisms are suggested pathways of reactions. The rate of reaction is the rate at which products are formed or the rate at which reactants are used up in the reaction. Rates vary immensely from reaction to reaction. Many ionic reactions take place instantaneously. For example, the followi ...
... Reaction mechanisms are suggested pathways of reactions. The rate of reaction is the rate at which products are formed or the rate at which reactants are used up in the reaction. Rates vary immensely from reaction to reaction. Many ionic reactions take place instantaneously. For example, the followi ...
Synthesis of Amide Bond Isosteres Incorporated
... the minimal glycopeptide epitope CII260-267 (1) and the Aq protein. The hydrogen bonding network between the extended backbone of the peptide ligand and the MHCII molecule would then serve as a basis for selecting the amide bond to be replaced by different isosteres. Since there is no available crys ...
... the minimal glycopeptide epitope CII260-267 (1) and the Aq protein. The hydrogen bonding network between the extended backbone of the peptide ligand and the MHCII molecule would then serve as a basis for selecting the amide bond to be replaced by different isosteres. Since there is no available crys ...
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
... The reaction with R’ COCI is carried out in the presence of pyridine so as to neutralise HCI which is formed during the reaction. The introduction of acetyl (CH3CO-) group in phenols is known as acetylation. Acetylation of salicylic acid produces aspirin. ...
... The reaction with R’ COCI is carried out in the presence of pyridine so as to neutralise HCI which is formed during the reaction. The introduction of acetyl (CH3CO-) group in phenols is known as acetylation. Acetylation of salicylic acid produces aspirin. ...
Direct conversion of cellulose into sorbitol using dual
... respectively. Liquid-phase mineral acids or heteropolyacids have been used together with metal catalysts containing Pt or Ru [8,9]. These acids, however, are difficult to recover and can cause corrosion of the reactor. In addition, a large amount of waste sludge is formed in the acid neutralization p ...
... respectively. Liquid-phase mineral acids or heteropolyacids have been used together with metal catalysts containing Pt or Ru [8,9]. These acids, however, are difficult to recover and can cause corrosion of the reactor. In addition, a large amount of waste sludge is formed in the acid neutralization p ...
Chapter 8 I. Nucleophilic Substitution
... A racemic mixture of (R- ) and (S- )-2bromobutane produces an optically active product. ...
... A racemic mixture of (R- ) and (S- )-2bromobutane produces an optically active product. ...
Conjugate addition_Clayden
... The reason that α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds react differently is conjugation, the phenomenon we discussed in Chapter 7. There we introduced you to the idea that bringing two π systems (two C=C bonds, for example, or a C=C bond and a C=O bond) close together leads to a stabilizing interaction. ...
... The reason that α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds react differently is conjugation, the phenomenon we discussed in Chapter 7. There we introduced you to the idea that bringing two π systems (two C=C bonds, for example, or a C=C bond and a C=O bond) close together leads to a stabilizing interaction. ...
Document
... • A reaction is stereoselective when it forms predominantly or exclusively one stereoisomer when two or more are possible. • The E2 reaction is stereoselective because one stereoisomer is formed preferentially. Why? ...
... • A reaction is stereoselective when it forms predominantly or exclusively one stereoisomer when two or more are possible. • The E2 reaction is stereoselective because one stereoisomer is formed preferentially. Why? ...
Organic synthesis and methodology related to the malaria drug artemisinin
... Malaria is a global epidemic, resulting in the deaths of nearly one million people every year. Part 1 of this dissertation will focus on the history of Malaria and ways to combat this devastating disease. Artemisinin has emerged as the drug of choice for treatment of malaria due to its effectiveness ...
... Malaria is a global epidemic, resulting in the deaths of nearly one million people every year. Part 1 of this dissertation will focus on the history of Malaria and ways to combat this devastating disease. Artemisinin has emerged as the drug of choice for treatment of malaria due to its effectiveness ...
UNIVERSITY OF TARTU THE GIFTED AND
... Every amino acid contains a carboxyl group and an amine group; the difference lies in the side group R of the 2nd carbon. a) Draw the following peptide: glycine-alanine-serine-glutamic acid. It is possible to decarboxylate amino acids – in the process the –COOH group is replaced with hydrogen and CO ...
... Every amino acid contains a carboxyl group and an amine group; the difference lies in the side group R of the 2nd carbon. a) Draw the following peptide: glycine-alanine-serine-glutamic acid. It is possible to decarboxylate amino acids – in the process the –COOH group is replaced with hydrogen and CO ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿
... different ionic liquids, each with their own specific solvent properties. Some ionic liquids are water soluble, others are not. Some dissolve typical organic solvents, other are not. • They can be functionalized to act as acids, bases or ligands and have the potential to catalyze certain reactions i ...
... different ionic liquids, each with their own specific solvent properties. Some ionic liquids are water soluble, others are not. Some dissolve typical organic solvents, other are not. • They can be functionalized to act as acids, bases or ligands and have the potential to catalyze certain reactions i ...
Organic Chemistry Fifth Edition
... The Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation is the oxidative cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters and cyclic ketones to lactones. The Baeyer-Villiger can be carried out with peracids, such as MCBPA, or with hydrogen peroxide and a Lewis acid. ...
... The Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation is the oxidative cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters and cyclic ketones to lactones. The Baeyer-Villiger can be carried out with peracids, such as MCBPA, or with hydrogen peroxide and a Lewis acid. ...
Synthesis of Low Molecular Weight Flavor Esters Using Plant
... to 40% for ethyl, butyl, isopentyl acetate. Caproic acid conversion remained up to 20%. For wheat and barley acetone powders, the conversion yields for acetic, butyric, and caproic acids for most of the esters were less than 35% (Table 1). The lipase activity in oilseeds and certain cereal grains in ...
... to 40% for ethyl, butyl, isopentyl acetate. Caproic acid conversion remained up to 20%. For wheat and barley acetone powders, the conversion yields for acetic, butyric, and caproic acids for most of the esters were less than 35% (Table 1). The lipase activity in oilseeds and certain cereal grains in ...
Matter and Measurement
... to indicate the position of the substituent, the C atoms in the longest chain are numbered, starting at the end that will give the lowest number for the position of the first attached ...
... to indicate the position of the substituent, the C atoms in the longest chain are numbered, starting at the end that will give the lowest number for the position of the first attached ...
... In order to model the structure and function in the active site of metal-containing enzyme, a new ligand L has been synthesized. It has a big hydrophobic cavity hoped to enhance the stability of the metal complexes, which at the same time may favor the activation of the substrate during the catalyti ...
Orbitals
... 14.11 Conjugate Nucleophilic Addition to α,βUnsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones Nucleophiles can add directly to carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones, called 1,2-addition Nucleophiles can also add to conjugated C=C bond adjacent to carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones, called conjugate addition ...
... 14.11 Conjugate Nucleophilic Addition to α,βUnsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones Nucleophiles can add directly to carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones, called 1,2-addition Nucleophiles can also add to conjugated C=C bond adjacent to carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones, called conjugate addition ...
J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 1672
... The aliphatic carboxylic group was efficiently reduced to the methyl group by HSiEt3 in the presence of catalytic amounts of B(C6F5)3. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a direct exhaustive reduction of aliphatic carboxylic function. Aliphatic aldehydes, acyl chlorides, anhyd ...
... The aliphatic carboxylic group was efficiently reduced to the methyl group by HSiEt3 in the presence of catalytic amounts of B(C6F5)3. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a direct exhaustive reduction of aliphatic carboxylic function. Aliphatic aldehydes, acyl chlorides, anhyd ...
Organic Chemistry Fifth Edition
... tert-Butyl methyl ether (MTBE) was produced on a scale exceeding 15 billion pounds per year in the U.S. during the 1990s. It is an effective octane booster in gasoline, but contaminates ground water if allowed to leak from storage tanks. Further use of MTBE is unlikely. ...
... tert-Butyl methyl ether (MTBE) was produced on a scale exceeding 15 billion pounds per year in the U.S. during the 1990s. It is an effective octane booster in gasoline, but contaminates ground water if allowed to leak from storage tanks. Further use of MTBE is unlikely. ...
Document
... • A reaction is stereoselective when it forms predominantly or exclusively one stereoisomer when two or more are possible. • The E2 reaction is stereoselective because one stereoisomer is formed preferentially. Why? ...
... • A reaction is stereoselective when it forms predominantly or exclusively one stereoisomer when two or more are possible. • The E2 reaction is stereoselective because one stereoisomer is formed preferentially. Why? ...
Ene reaction
The ene reaction (also known as the Alder-ene reaction) is a chemical reaction between an alkene with an allylic hydrogen (the ene) and a compound containing a multiple bond (the enophile), in order to form a new σ-bond with migration of the ene double bond and 1,5 hydrogen shift. The product is a substituted alkene with the double bond shifted to the allylic position.This transformation is a group transfer pericyclic reaction, and therefore, usually requires highly activated substrates and/or high temperatures. Nonetheless, the reaction is compatible with a wide variety of functional groups that can be appended to the ene and enophile moieties. Also,many useful Lewis acid-catalyzed ene reactions have been developed which can afford high yields and selectivities at significantly lower temperatures, making the ene reaction a useful C–C forming tool for the synthesis of complex molecules and natural products.