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IB Chemistry HL Assessment Statements 2009 Revised
... Include the polyester formed from ethane‑1,2‑diol and benzene‑1,4‑dicarboxylic acid. Include the identification of the repeating unit. ...
... Include the polyester formed from ethane‑1,2‑diol and benzene‑1,4‑dicarboxylic acid. Include the identification of the repeating unit. ...
Grignard-syn-12-ques
... (OH, NH2, NHR, SH, C=CH, CO2H) Cannot use H2O, CH3OH, CH3CH2OH, etc. as solvents Cannot prepare from substances such as HOCH2CH2Br, etc. ...
... (OH, NH2, NHR, SH, C=CH, CO2H) Cannot use H2O, CH3OH, CH3CH2OH, etc. as solvents Cannot prepare from substances such as HOCH2CH2Br, etc. ...
Salame - The City College of New York
... The CCNY policy on academic integrity will be followed in this course. The document can be found through the CCNY website by clicking on Current Students Academic Services Policy on Academic Integrity. All students must read the details regarding plagiarism and cheating in order to be familiar w ...
... The CCNY policy on academic integrity will be followed in this course. The document can be found through the CCNY website by clicking on Current Students Academic Services Policy on Academic Integrity. All students must read the details regarding plagiarism and cheating in order to be familiar w ...
Ester
... Millions of people take aspirin everyday. It is often called the “wonder drug” because it reduces pain, fever and swelling. Not only does it lower the risk of heart attack, aspirin has been found to lower the chances of developing cancer. It plays an important role in life because millions o ...
... Millions of people take aspirin everyday. It is often called the “wonder drug” because it reduces pain, fever and swelling. Not only does it lower the risk of heart attack, aspirin has been found to lower the chances of developing cancer. It plays an important role in life because millions o ...
Acid-Base Chemistry of Sugars
... LeChateliers principle tells us that the addition of one of the products to a system at equilibrium will shift the equilibrium towards reactants. Acids and bases dissolve in water and, because they increase the concentration of one of the products of water self-ionization, either protons or hydroxi ...
... LeChateliers principle tells us that the addition of one of the products to a system at equilibrium will shift the equilibrium towards reactants. Acids and bases dissolve in water and, because they increase the concentration of one of the products of water self-ionization, either protons or hydroxi ...
Sulfur analogs of alcohols, phenols and ethers
... 2. Hydrogen atom at sulfur is acidic 3. The bond S-H is only little polar and therefore radical splitting is possible to ...
... 2. Hydrogen atom at sulfur is acidic 3. The bond S-H is only little polar and therefore radical splitting is possible to ...
Chapter 3. The Concept of Protecting Functional Groups
... Chapter 3. The Concept of Protecting Functional Groups When a chemical reaction is to be carried out selectively at one reactive site in a multifunctional compound, other reactive sites must be temporarily blocked. ...
... Chapter 3. The Concept of Protecting Functional Groups When a chemical reaction is to be carried out selectively at one reactive site in a multifunctional compound, other reactive sites must be temporarily blocked. ...
Chem 30CL-Lecture 15..
... • Their efficiency is measured by intensity, capacity and velocity can greatly vary from one solvent to the other • Problem: The water is just adsorbed by the drying agent and not “consumed” ...
... • Their efficiency is measured by intensity, capacity and velocity can greatly vary from one solvent to the other • Problem: The water is just adsorbed by the drying agent and not “consumed” ...
Give reasons for the following.(one mark each)
... 14. The order of reactivity of alkyl halides for SN2 is 1o> 2o>3o 15. The order of reactivity of alkyl halides for SN1 is 3o> 2o>1o 16. Even trace amounts of water has to be removed from Grignards reagent . 17. Haloarenes/ aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions wh ...
... 14. The order of reactivity of alkyl halides for SN2 is 1o> 2o>3o 15. The order of reactivity of alkyl halides for SN1 is 3o> 2o>1o 16. Even trace amounts of water has to be removed from Grignards reagent . 17. Haloarenes/ aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions wh ...
Lecture 15b
... • The formation of hydrogen gas makes the reaction irreversible. • The dark blue color is due to a ketyl radical anion (Ph2CO.-Na+), which is only stable in the absence of other radicals (i.e., oxygen), of oxidants and protic solvents (i.e., water, alcohols). • Alternatively LiAlH4 or CaH2 can be us ...
... • The formation of hydrogen gas makes the reaction irreversible. • The dark blue color is due to a ketyl radical anion (Ph2CO.-Na+), which is only stable in the absence of other radicals (i.e., oxygen), of oxidants and protic solvents (i.e., water, alcohols). • Alternatively LiAlH4 or CaH2 can be us ...
Organic Chemistry ppt 2012
... carboxylic acid; recall from biology that amide groups are formed when amino acids condense to form a peptide bonds (See Condensation reaction) - named by changing the carboxylic acid acid reactant ending –oic acid with -amide ...
... carboxylic acid; recall from biology that amide groups are formed when amino acids condense to form a peptide bonds (See Condensation reaction) - named by changing the carboxylic acid acid reactant ending –oic acid with -amide ...
The presence of an aromatic ring or other
... part of organic chemistry. Although it is often possible to establish the structure of a compound on the basis of spectra alone (IR, NMR, etc.), the spectra typically must be supplemented with other information about the compound: physical state and properties (melting point, boiling point, solubili ...
... part of organic chemistry. Although it is often possible to establish the structure of a compound on the basis of spectra alone (IR, NMR, etc.), the spectra typically must be supplemented with other information about the compound: physical state and properties (melting point, boiling point, solubili ...
Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding
... a) Hydrides and Grignard Reagents are strong bases. They irreversibly add to the carbonyl b) Less basic reagents can also add to carbonyls, but the reactions are reversible: H2O, ROH, RSH, RHN2, etc… c) The conditions used in the reaction of these milder bases determine how the reaction proceeds ...
... a) Hydrides and Grignard Reagents are strong bases. They irreversibly add to the carbonyl b) Less basic reagents can also add to carbonyls, but the reactions are reversible: H2O, ROH, RSH, RHN2, etc… c) The conditions used in the reaction of these milder bases determine how the reaction proceeds ...
Physical Properties and Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
... the carbonyl carbon is decreased the acidity of the carboxylic acid will also decrease. Similarly, an increase in its electrophilicity will increase the acidity of the acid. Acetic acid is ten times weaker an acid than formic acid (first two entries in the second row), confirming the electron donati ...
... the carbonyl carbon is decreased the acidity of the carboxylic acid will also decrease. Similarly, an increase in its electrophilicity will increase the acidity of the acid. Acetic acid is ten times weaker an acid than formic acid (first two entries in the second row), confirming the electron donati ...
Application of IBX Method for the Synthesis of Ketones from
... the preparation of (5) and the crude product was purified by column chromotography with ethylacetate: hexane (3:2) to give 6.24 g (30 mmol) (81%) of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-3-pentanol (5) as colourless ...
... the preparation of (5) and the crude product was purified by column chromotography with ethylacetate: hexane (3:2) to give 6.24 g (30 mmol) (81%) of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-3-pentanol (5) as colourless ...
Week # 6 Homework doc
... The aldehyde and alcohol approach each other as follows because of the attraction of opposite charges on the polar groups. The reaction is written as an equilibrium because the hemiacetal is unstable and reverts back to the original aldehyde and alcohol. 1. The alcohol oxygen becomes bonded to the c ...
... The aldehyde and alcohol approach each other as follows because of the attraction of opposite charges on the polar groups. The reaction is written as an equilibrium because the hemiacetal is unstable and reverts back to the original aldehyde and alcohol. 1. The alcohol oxygen becomes bonded to the c ...
No Slide Title
... • Nucleophilic Substitution and Addition to C=O • Order of Reactivity towards Nucleophiles is aldehydes > ketones > esters > amides > carboxylate anions • Addition takes place if a poor leaving group is bonded to C=O, as in aldehydes and ketones • Substitution takes place if a good leaving group is ...
... • Nucleophilic Substitution and Addition to C=O • Order of Reactivity towards Nucleophiles is aldehydes > ketones > esters > amides > carboxylate anions • Addition takes place if a poor leaving group is bonded to C=O, as in aldehydes and ketones • Substitution takes place if a good leaving group is ...
102 Lab 7 Esters Fall05
... flavor chemists often use esters, either one or several, to reproduce or enhance natural flavors. The table on the next page shows some examples of esters that are primary components of various odors and flavors. You will choose one of these esters to synthesize. Although esters are often used as fl ...
... flavor chemists often use esters, either one or several, to reproduce or enhance natural flavors. The table on the next page shows some examples of esters that are primary components of various odors and flavors. You will choose one of these esters to synthesize. Although esters are often used as fl ...
Your Title Here - Governors` Biofuels Coalition
... Ethanol Utilization Options • Dual fermentation – Split glucose solution into ethanol and carboxylic acid production routes • Guerbet catalytic condensation – React ethanol or ethanol–methanol mixtures to produce bigger alcohols • Fuel cells – Where does ethanol fit best? • Hydrogen production – In ...
... Ethanol Utilization Options • Dual fermentation – Split glucose solution into ethanol and carboxylic acid production routes • Guerbet catalytic condensation – React ethanol or ethanol–methanol mixtures to produce bigger alcohols • Fuel cells – Where does ethanol fit best? • Hydrogen production – In ...
OXIDATION AND REDUCTION IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY In ionic
... counts as two bonds and the triple bond counts as three bonds. Thus in the carbonyl group (C=O) carbon is considered to have two bonds to oxygen. Therefore, this carbon has a higher oxidation state than the alcohol carbon, which has only one bond to oxygen. In routine terminology, it is said that th ...
... counts as two bonds and the triple bond counts as three bonds. Thus in the carbonyl group (C=O) carbon is considered to have two bonds to oxygen. Therefore, this carbon has a higher oxidation state than the alcohol carbon, which has only one bond to oxygen. In routine terminology, it is said that th ...
Chapter 19. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
... Naming Ketones Replace the terminal -e of the alkane name with –one Parent chain is the longest one that contains the ketone group ...
... Naming Ketones Replace the terminal -e of the alkane name with –one Parent chain is the longest one that contains the ketone group ...
Alcohol
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alcohol.png?width=300)
In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atom. The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethyl alcohol (ethanol), the predominant alcohol in alcoholic beverages.The suffix -ol appears in the IUPAC chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the highest priority; in substances where a higher priority group is present the prefix hydroxy- will appear in the IUPAC name. The suffix -ol in non-systematic names (such as paracetamol or cholesterol) also typically indicates that the substance includes a hydroxyl functional group and, so, can be termed an alcohol. But many substances, particularly sugars (examples glucose and sucrose) contain hydroxyl functional groups without using the suffix. An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest members is the saturated straight chain alcohols, the general formula for which is CnH2n+1OH.