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... • Soaps are produced by the reac4on of natural fats and oils (triesters of glycerols) with a strong base • The polar carboxylate end of soap is hydrophilic and dissolves easily in waterThe nonpolar h ...
... • Soaps are produced by the reac4on of natural fats and oils (triesters of glycerols) with a strong base • The polar carboxylate end of soap is hydrophilic and dissolves easily in waterThe nonpolar h ...
Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles
... Nucleophilic acyl substitution pathway Carboxylic acid is converted into a chlorosulfite which then reacts with chloride ...
... Nucleophilic acyl substitution pathway Carboxylic acid is converted into a chlorosulfite which then reacts with chloride ...
Chapter 16 – Amines and Amides
... Occurrence, Names, and Physical Properties of Amines An amine is basically an ammonia molecule with one or more aliphatic and/or aromatic ...
... Occurrence, Names, and Physical Properties of Amines An amine is basically an ammonia molecule with one or more aliphatic and/or aromatic ...
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC NOMENCLATURE
... hydrogen. The most basic type of organic compound is one made up exclusively of sp3 carbons covalently bonded to other carbons and hydrogens through sigma bonds only. The generic name for this family of compounds is alkanes. Alkanes are part of a more general category of compounds known as hydrocarb ...
... hydrogen. The most basic type of organic compound is one made up exclusively of sp3 carbons covalently bonded to other carbons and hydrogens through sigma bonds only. The generic name for this family of compounds is alkanes. Alkanes are part of a more general category of compounds known as hydrocarb ...
ppt
... Mechanism occurs in two stages. The first is addition of the nucleophile to the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. The second stage in collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate to reform a carbonyl with expulsion of a leaving group (Y). There is overall substitution of the leaving gr ...
... Mechanism occurs in two stages. The first is addition of the nucleophile to the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. The second stage in collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate to reform a carbonyl with expulsion of a leaving group (Y). There is overall substitution of the leaving gr ...
Organic Chemistry
... • diesel is used for fuel in diesel engines • lubricating oil is used for lubricants and for making waxes and polishes • bitumen is used for making roads Describe an homologous series of compounds as: • having the same functional group with similar properties and the same general formula Understand ...
... • diesel is used for fuel in diesel engines • lubricating oil is used for lubricants and for making waxes and polishes • bitumen is used for making roads Describe an homologous series of compounds as: • having the same functional group with similar properties and the same general formula Understand ...
Mechanisms of Alkenes
... • When working through a mechanism, the goal is NOT to memorize the steps of a mechanism OF A SPECIFIC MOLECULE– when you do that, typically you become too focused on the structures provided in one example. • When that happens, you get confused when the next mechanism problem has a DIFFERENT struct ...
... • When working through a mechanism, the goal is NOT to memorize the steps of a mechanism OF A SPECIFIC MOLECULE– when you do that, typically you become too focused on the structures provided in one example. • When that happens, you get confused when the next mechanism problem has a DIFFERENT struct ...
12.4 - De Anza College
... Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones In the reduction of organic compounds, • aldehydes and ketones are reduced by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or hydrogen (H2) • the number of carbon–oxygen bonds is reduced by the addition of hydrogen or the loss of oxygen • a catalyst such as nickel, platinum, or pal ...
... Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones In the reduction of organic compounds, • aldehydes and ketones are reduced by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or hydrogen (H2) • the number of carbon–oxygen bonds is reduced by the addition of hydrogen or the loss of oxygen • a catalyst such as nickel, platinum, or pal ...
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... less reac3ve one • Reac3ons in the opposite sense are possible but require more complex approaches ...
... less reac3ve one • Reac3ons in the opposite sense are possible but require more complex approaches ...
Chemistry Unit 1
... In alkanes (branched or straight-chain) each carbon atom is tetrahedrally bonded to four atoms with a bond angle of 109.5°. ...
... In alkanes (branched or straight-chain) each carbon atom is tetrahedrally bonded to four atoms with a bond angle of 109.5°. ...
Carboxylic Acids
... Reactions of carboxylic acids A. with the bases NaOH, hydride, or methoxide RCOO-Na+ ...
... Reactions of carboxylic acids A. with the bases NaOH, hydride, or methoxide RCOO-Na+ ...
Chapter 19 Summary - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Section 19.17 1,1-Dicarboxylic acids (malonic acids) and -keto acids undergo thermal ...
... Section 19.17 1,1-Dicarboxylic acids (malonic acids) and -keto acids undergo thermal ...
Revision Booklet
... Compared with alkanes, alcohols have significantly higher boiling points. The hydroxyl groups in alcohol molecules are responsible for hydrogen bonding between the alcohol molecules. As greater energy is required to overcome these strong intermolecular forces, the melting points and boiling points o ...
... Compared with alkanes, alcohols have significantly higher boiling points. The hydroxyl groups in alcohol molecules are responsible for hydrogen bonding between the alcohol molecules. As greater energy is required to overcome these strong intermolecular forces, the melting points and boiling points o ...
Acyl Anions Derived from Enol Ethers
... stabilization of the anion [CH3N02, pKa: 10.2; CH3CH2N02, pKa: 8.51. The anions derived from nitroalkanes give typical nucleophilic addition reactions with aldehydes (the Henry-Nef tandem reaction). Note that the nitro group can be changed directly to a carbonyl group via the Nef reaction (acidic co ...
... stabilization of the anion [CH3N02, pKa: 10.2; CH3CH2N02, pKa: 8.51. The anions derived from nitroalkanes give typical nucleophilic addition reactions with aldehydes (the Henry-Nef tandem reaction). Note that the nitro group can be changed directly to a carbonyl group via the Nef reaction (acidic co ...
Chapter 20 Amines-part 2
... Sandmeyer Reaction: Replacement of Diazonium Ion by Cl, Br or CN t Mechanism of the Sandmeyer reaction is not well -understood but is thought to occur via radicals ...
... Sandmeyer Reaction: Replacement of Diazonium Ion by Cl, Br or CN t Mechanism of the Sandmeyer reaction is not well -understood but is thought to occur via radicals ...
Biehl_Chapter 20
... Must use reducing agent that only reduces iminium salt It is: sodium triacetoxyborohydride!! ...
... Must use reducing agent that only reduces iminium salt It is: sodium triacetoxyborohydride!! ...
Chapter 21: Carboxylic acid Derivatives I. Introduction
... 2) Replace the “-oic acid” (for IUPAC names) or the “-ic acid” suffix (for common names) with “-amide”. 3) If the are alkyl groups on the nitrogen, put the name of each alkyl group in front with an “N-” prefix (for example: N-ethyl). Examples: ...
... 2) Replace the “-oic acid” (for IUPAC names) or the “-ic acid” suffix (for common names) with “-amide”. 3) If the are alkyl groups on the nitrogen, put the name of each alkyl group in front with an “N-” prefix (for example: N-ethyl). Examples: ...
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND CARBOXYLATE SALTS Carboxylic
... help oil and water mix together. Glycerol is a useful by-product of this reaction as it can be used to make pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. So the alkaline hydrolysis of fats and oils produces soap, which usually has the formula C17H35COO-Na+. Glycerol is also formed as a useful by-product. Soap mole ...
... help oil and water mix together. Glycerol is a useful by-product of this reaction as it can be used to make pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. So the alkaline hydrolysis of fats and oils produces soap, which usually has the formula C17H35COO-Na+. Glycerol is also formed as a useful by-product. Soap mole ...
103. Oxalates as Activating Groups for Alcohols in Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis: Formation of Quaternary Centers by Redox-Neutral Fragment Coupling
... are formed most commonly from halide precursors; however, competing elimination and rearrangement reactions can undermine the preparation of structurally complex tertiary halides.2 In contrast, tertiary alcohols would be ideal precursors of tertiary radicals because they can be prepared by various r ...
... are formed most commonly from halide precursors; however, competing elimination and rearrangement reactions can undermine the preparation of structurally complex tertiary halides.2 In contrast, tertiary alcohols would be ideal precursors of tertiary radicals because they can be prepared by various r ...
Alcohol
In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atom. The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethyl alcohol (ethanol), the predominant alcohol in alcoholic beverages.The suffix -ol appears in the IUPAC chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the highest priority; in substances where a higher priority group is present the prefix hydroxy- will appear in the IUPAC name. The suffix -ol in non-systematic names (such as paracetamol or cholesterol) also typically indicates that the substance includes a hydroxyl functional group and, so, can be termed an alcohol. But many substances, particularly sugars (examples glucose and sucrose) contain hydroxyl functional groups without using the suffix. An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest members is the saturated straight chain alcohols, the general formula for which is CnH2n+1OH.