Chapter 17 Allylic and Benzylic Reactivity
... substituents outweigh their resonance effects. Consequently, compound (3) reacts more slowly. The nitro group exerts no resonance effect in the carbocation intermediates derived from compounds (1) and (4); the question is then whether its polar effect is stronger from the meta or para position. As i ...
... substituents outweigh their resonance effects. Consequently, compound (3) reacts more slowly. The nitro group exerts no resonance effect in the carbocation intermediates derived from compounds (1) and (4); the question is then whether its polar effect is stronger from the meta or para position. As i ...
Document
... Addition of Br2 and Cl2 to Alkenes (Section 8.12) Stereochemistry of Dihalide Additions (Section 8.13) Halohydrin Formation [Net Addition of X-OH] (Section 8.14) Divalent Carbon Compounds: Carbenes (Section 8.15) Oxidations of Alkenes (Sections 8.16-8.17) Additions to Alkynes (Sections 8.18-8.19) Ox ...
... Addition of Br2 and Cl2 to Alkenes (Section 8.12) Stereochemistry of Dihalide Additions (Section 8.13) Halohydrin Formation [Net Addition of X-OH] (Section 8.14) Divalent Carbon Compounds: Carbenes (Section 8.15) Oxidations of Alkenes (Sections 8.16-8.17) Additions to Alkynes (Sections 8.18-8.19) Ox ...
nucleophile (亲核试剂)
... Restrictions on the Use of Grignard Reagents Grignard reagents are very powerful nucleophiles and bases. They react as if they were carbanions. Grignard reagents cannot be made from halides which contain acidic groups or electrophilic sites elsewhere in the molecule. ...
... Restrictions on the Use of Grignard Reagents Grignard reagents are very powerful nucleophiles and bases. They react as if they were carbanions. Grignard reagents cannot be made from halides which contain acidic groups or electrophilic sites elsewhere in the molecule. ...
Calculating Oxidation Numbers Calculating Oxidation Numbers
... • Each of the carbons below have zero formal charge, but they have different oxidation states. • Calculate the oxidation number for each. ...
... • Each of the carbons below have zero formal charge, but they have different oxidation states. • Calculate the oxidation number for each. ...
Organic Chemistry
... Write out the following reactions using structural formulas. Show only the MAJOR product formed. a. Methyl propene reacts with HBr ...
... Write out the following reactions using structural formulas. Show only the MAJOR product formed. a. Methyl propene reacts with HBr ...
chm238f02.pracexam2.ans
... (c) If we used only pure (fuming) sulfuric acid, what would be the product(s)? mostly sulfonation of Cl benzene, both o and p, because SO3H+ becomes the superelectrophile and there is not as much protons for the dehydration of nitric acid. (d) Chlorine is o,p directing group but chlorobenzene is slo ...
... (c) If we used only pure (fuming) sulfuric acid, what would be the product(s)? mostly sulfonation of Cl benzene, both o and p, because SO3H+ becomes the superelectrophile and there is not as much protons for the dehydration of nitric acid. (d) Chlorine is o,p directing group but chlorobenzene is slo ...
2.7 INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
... is called the alkyl group, the carbon skeleton, or the carbon framework and, as we saw earlier, has little effect on the chemical reactions. The other part of the molecule, where the action is, is called the functional group. All of the preceding compounds have the same functional group, the OH grou ...
... is called the alkyl group, the carbon skeleton, or the carbon framework and, as we saw earlier, has little effect on the chemical reactions. The other part of the molecule, where the action is, is called the functional group. All of the preceding compounds have the same functional group, the OH grou ...
File - Chemistry Workshop
... A primary carbon has one other C directly bonded to it. A secondary carbon is directly bonded to two other C’s. A tertiary carbon is directly bonded to three other C’s. Multivalent atoms are 1º, 2º, or 3º by bonding to C’s. Univalent atom or group not really 1º, 2º, or 3º on its own - ID depends on ...
... A primary carbon has one other C directly bonded to it. A secondary carbon is directly bonded to two other C’s. A tertiary carbon is directly bonded to three other C’s. Multivalent atoms are 1º, 2º, or 3º by bonding to C’s. Univalent atom or group not really 1º, 2º, or 3º on its own - ID depends on ...
Chapter 25 Alt Notes 0910
... Alcohols and phenols can be considered derivatives of hydrocarbons in which one or more H atoms have been replaced by -OH groups. Phenols are derivatives of benzene in which one H has been replaced by replaced by -OH group. ...
... Alcohols and phenols can be considered derivatives of hydrocarbons in which one or more H atoms have been replaced by -OH groups. Phenols are derivatives of benzene in which one H has been replaced by replaced by -OH group. ...
Functional Groups
... formula C3H6O2 • Solution: the only way the carbon atoms can be written is three in a chain; the -COOH group must be on an end carbon of the chain O CH3 CH2 COH or CH3 CH2 COOH ...
... formula C3H6O2 • Solution: the only way the carbon atoms can be written is three in a chain; the -COOH group must be on an end carbon of the chain O CH3 CH2 COH or CH3 CH2 COOH ...
Alcohols
... have the same pH as that of pure water • phenols contain an OH group that is more acidic – phenols are weak acids and react with NaOH and other strong bases to form water-soluble salts OH + NaOH Phenol ...
... have the same pH as that of pure water • phenols contain an OH group that is more acidic – phenols are weak acids and react with NaOH and other strong bases to form water-soluble salts OH + NaOH Phenol ...
Functional Groups
... • One oxygen is double bonded to the carbon and the other is bonded to the carbon and to the hydrogen both with single bonds. – Esters are condensation products of carboxylic acids with the removal of water (also called a dehydration ...
... • One oxygen is double bonded to the carbon and the other is bonded to the carbon and to the hydrogen both with single bonds. – Esters are condensation products of carboxylic acids with the removal of water (also called a dehydration ...
Discovery and Exploitation of AZADO: The Highly Active Catalyst for
... dition to its fascinating “green” features, TEMPO oxidation is distinguished from other oxidation methods by its ability to conduct the selective oxidation of primary alcohols in the presence of secondary alcohols.13–16) The rationale behind such a feature is its reaction mechanism and its structure ...
... dition to its fascinating “green” features, TEMPO oxidation is distinguished from other oxidation methods by its ability to conduct the selective oxidation of primary alcohols in the presence of secondary alcohols.13–16) The rationale behind such a feature is its reaction mechanism and its structure ...
Mechanisms of Alkenes
... – Convert –OH to H2O (use that acid!) – Loss of H2O and carbocation formation – Removal of H+, resulting in formation of pi bond to complete the conversion to alkene – E1 mechanism – think Zaitsev and Trans! ...
... – Convert –OH to H2O (use that acid!) – Loss of H2O and carbocation formation – Removal of H+, resulting in formation of pi bond to complete the conversion to alkene – E1 mechanism – think Zaitsev and Trans! ...
Mass Spectrometry - HCC Learning Web
... •Relatively intense molecular peak present •Cleavage of two Carbon Carbon bonds required for fragmentation •The common fragmentation involves loss of a molecule of ethene either from the parent molecule or from an intermediate radical ion. •In substituted cycloalkanes, a common fragmentation ...
... •Relatively intense molecular peak present •Cleavage of two Carbon Carbon bonds required for fragmentation •The common fragmentation involves loss of a molecule of ethene either from the parent molecule or from an intermediate radical ion. •In substituted cycloalkanes, a common fragmentation ...
Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
... Reactions of Acids-4 Acids form salts with bases. The salts react with strong mineral acids to give the original organic acid. O O CH3C OH + NaOH CH3C ONa + H2O O O CH3C OH + NaHCO3 CH3C ONa + H2O + CO2 ...
... Reactions of Acids-4 Acids form salts with bases. The salts react with strong mineral acids to give the original organic acid. O O CH3C OH + NaOH CH3C ONa + H2O O O CH3C OH + NaHCO3 CH3C ONa + H2O + CO2 ...
Session 9 – Organic Chemistry
... Naming the Hydrocarbons STEP 1: Recognise the functional group in the compound. This will determine the suffix (the ’end’) of the name. STEP 2: Find the longest continuous carbon chain (it won’t always be a straight chain) and count the number of carbon atoms in this chain. This number will determi ...
... Naming the Hydrocarbons STEP 1: Recognise the functional group in the compound. This will determine the suffix (the ’end’) of the name. STEP 2: Find the longest continuous carbon chain (it won’t always be a straight chain) and count the number of carbon atoms in this chain. This number will determi ...
Alcohol
In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atom. The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethyl alcohol (ethanol), the predominant alcohol in alcoholic beverages.The suffix -ol appears in the IUPAC chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the highest priority; in substances where a higher priority group is present the prefix hydroxy- will appear in the IUPAC name. The suffix -ol in non-systematic names (such as paracetamol or cholesterol) also typically indicates that the substance includes a hydroxyl functional group and, so, can be termed an alcohol. But many substances, particularly sugars (examples glucose and sucrose) contain hydroxyl functional groups without using the suffix. An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest members is the saturated straight chain alcohols, the general formula for which is CnH2n+1OH.