Organic Chemistry
... Addition of H2O • addition of water is called hydration • acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene is regioselective; hydrogen adds preferentially to the less substituted carbon of the double bond • HOH adds in accordance with Markovnikov’s rule CH3 CH=CH2 + H2 O Propene CH3 CH3 C=CH2 + H2 O ...
... Addition of H2O • addition of water is called hydration • acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene is regioselective; hydrogen adds preferentially to the less substituted carbon of the double bond • HOH adds in accordance with Markovnikov’s rule CH3 CH=CH2 + H2 O Propene CH3 CH3 C=CH2 + H2 O ...
The reaction pathways of hydrogen peroxide in
... by the reaction with H2O2 at various temperatures. The integrated data have been plotted vs. time which allowed to calculate the individual rate constants of the reaction steps at various temperatures. Based on the rate constants the activation parameters, the ...
... by the reaction with H2O2 at various temperatures. The integrated data have been plotted vs. time which allowed to calculate the individual rate constants of the reaction steps at various temperatures. Based on the rate constants the activation parameters, the ...
Anionic polymerization
... Radical anions (sodium naphthalenide) must be prepared from naphthalene and a sodium mirror in an ether type solvent. ...
... Radical anions (sodium naphthalenide) must be prepared from naphthalene and a sodium mirror in an ether type solvent. ...
Amines
... Typical reagents : LiAlH4 / ether solvent, followed by aqueous work-up. Note that this reaction is different to that of other C=O compounds which reduce to alcohols (for example esters) The nature of the amine obtained depends on the substituents present on the original amide. Look at the N substitu ...
... Typical reagents : LiAlH4 / ether solvent, followed by aqueous work-up. Note that this reaction is different to that of other C=O compounds which reduce to alcohols (for example esters) The nature of the amine obtained depends on the substituents present on the original amide. Look at the N substitu ...
enzymatic And Limited Industrial Use
... A stereospecific reaction is one in which a single starting material yields only a single stereoisomer ...
... A stereospecific reaction is one in which a single starting material yields only a single stereoisomer ...
Dehydration of n-propanol and methanol to produce
... Abstract: An ether is an organic compound that consists of an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. In this work, we investigate the bimolecular dehydration of two alcohols, n-propanol and methanol with catalysts that are used in transesterification. Experiments were carried out to evaluat ...
... Abstract: An ether is an organic compound that consists of an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. In this work, we investigate the bimolecular dehydration of two alcohols, n-propanol and methanol with catalysts that are used in transesterification. Experiments were carried out to evaluat ...
Tin-Catalyzed Esterification and Transesterification Reactions: A
... The carbon chain length of alcohol can affect both the rate and also the conversion of fatty acid in esterification reactions (Figure 4) [8]. A different behavior was observed in terms of alcohols’ reactivity in reactions catalyzed by SnCl2 . In general, after 1 hour reaction, methyl and ethyl alcohol ...
... The carbon chain length of alcohol can affect both the rate and also the conversion of fatty acid in esterification reactions (Figure 4) [8]. A different behavior was observed in terms of alcohols’ reactivity in reactions catalyzed by SnCl2 . In general, after 1 hour reaction, methyl and ethyl alcohol ...
- Sacramento - California State University
... 7. Figure 7: Ligand used for the asymmetric sulfoxidation of tert-butyl disulfide. ........ 17 8. Figure 8: Ligands for the kinetic resolution of ethyl mandalate (racemic) ................. 18 9. Figure 9: Ligands used in Jacobsen’s Epoxidation ..................................................... 2 ...
... 7. Figure 7: Ligand used for the asymmetric sulfoxidation of tert-butyl disulfide. ........ 17 8. Figure 8: Ligands for the kinetic resolution of ethyl mandalate (racemic) ................. 18 9. Figure 9: Ligands used in Jacobsen’s Epoxidation ..................................................... 2 ...
AMIDES AND AMINES: ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
... Amides: Unsubstituted amides (except formamide) are solids at room temperature. Many are odorless and colorless. Low molar-mass amides are water soluble. Solubility in water decreases as the molar mass increases. Amides are neutral compounds. The group is capable of hydrogen bonding. Amines: Low mol ...
... Amides: Unsubstituted amides (except formamide) are solids at room temperature. Many are odorless and colorless. Low molar-mass amides are water soluble. Solubility in water decreases as the molar mass increases. Amides are neutral compounds. The group is capable of hydrogen bonding. Amines: Low mol ...
Amines: The Basic Group
... Amines, like alcohols, can be put into classes. Class depends on the number of carbons directly bonded to the nitrogen atom: a primary amine has one bond, a secondary two, etc. ...
... Amines, like alcohols, can be put into classes. Class depends on the number of carbons directly bonded to the nitrogen atom: a primary amine has one bond, a secondary two, etc. ...
Microsoft Word
... The choice of the metal ions, ligands, initiators, solvents and the monomer structures play an important role in the atom transfer radical polymerizations. The rate and control of polymerization could also be varied by the addition of other compounds, such as additives and deactivators. One of the m ...
... The choice of the metal ions, ligands, initiators, solvents and the monomer structures play an important role in the atom transfer radical polymerizations. The rate and control of polymerization could also be varied by the addition of other compounds, such as additives and deactivators. One of the m ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC)
... 1948, Kohn and Krasso reported reductive acetylation of few aromatic nitrohydocarbons and halogenated nitrophenols by refluxing the substrates in acetic anhydride and acetic acid in presence of Zn-dust [3]. Latter on in 1961, Freifelder obtained three isomeric hydroxyacetanildes by reductive acetyla ...
... 1948, Kohn and Krasso reported reductive acetylation of few aromatic nitrohydocarbons and halogenated nitrophenols by refluxing the substrates in acetic anhydride and acetic acid in presence of Zn-dust [3]. Latter on in 1961, Freifelder obtained three isomeric hydroxyacetanildes by reductive acetyla ...
Carbonyl α-substitution and Condensation Reactions
... Treatment of an aldehyde or ketone with base and an alkyl halide (RX) results in alkylation—the substitution of R for H on the a carbon atom. ...
... Treatment of an aldehyde or ketone with base and an alkyl halide (RX) results in alkylation—the substitution of R for H on the a carbon atom. ...
DISTINGUISH TESTS
... with stannous chloride in the presence of hydrochloric acid, which on hydrolysis give corresponding aldehyde. This reaction is called Stephen reaction. ...
... with stannous chloride in the presence of hydrochloric acid, which on hydrolysis give corresponding aldehyde. This reaction is called Stephen reaction. ...
Chapter 19 Amines
... Nitrogen is sp3 hybridized with a lone pair of electrons in an sp3 orbital. ...
... Nitrogen is sp3 hybridized with a lone pair of electrons in an sp3 orbital. ...
Latest Publication (still not complete)
... In particular, an analysis of information gained through computational analysis is provided. Such information has been used to rationalize most of the observed reaction pathways and hence is crucial to the total understanding of the chemistry of chromium-pentacarbonyl carbene complexes. Fischer carb ...
... In particular, an analysis of information gained through computational analysis is provided. Such information has been used to rationalize most of the observed reaction pathways and hence is crucial to the total understanding of the chemistry of chromium-pentacarbonyl carbene complexes. Fischer carb ...
Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate as a Catalyst in
... representative examples of these transformations are summarized in Table 1, and it should be remarked that some of them (e.g., those in entries 2 and 3) were not possible in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of CAN, as they led to fragmentation products. Another development in this area was the ...
... representative examples of these transformations are summarized in Table 1, and it should be remarked that some of them (e.g., those in entries 2 and 3) were not possible in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of CAN, as they led to fragmentation products. Another development in this area was the ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... with failure, with optimally only trace amounts of adducts observed.[13] By contrast (Scheme 3), it was found that butenolide 5[14] and aldehyde 4 could be smoothly coupled through a boron-mediated aldol reaction, which provided adducts 13 as a 2:1 mixture of diastereomeric alcohols in almost quanti ...
... with failure, with optimally only trace amounts of adducts observed.[13] By contrast (Scheme 3), it was found that butenolide 5[14] and aldehyde 4 could be smoothly coupled through a boron-mediated aldol reaction, which provided adducts 13 as a 2:1 mixture of diastereomeric alcohols in almost quanti ...
Chapter 19. Aldehydes and Ketones
... Addition of amines with an atom containing a lone pair of electrons on ...
... Addition of amines with an atom containing a lone pair of electrons on ...
Lecture Notes_ch17
... • Identify the parent chain: the longest chain of carbons to which the nitrogen is attached • Replace the “-e” ending of the alkane name with “amine” • Number the parent chain from the end closest to the nitrogen atom • Identify the position of the nitrogen atom with a ...
... • Identify the parent chain: the longest chain of carbons to which the nitrogen is attached • Replace the “-e” ending of the alkane name with “amine” • Number the parent chain from the end closest to the nitrogen atom • Identify the position of the nitrogen atom with a ...
Organic Chemistry Fifth Edition
... Synthesis of Amines via Reductive Amination In reductive amination, an aldehyde or ketone is subjected to catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of ammonia or an amine. R ...
... Synthesis of Amines via Reductive Amination In reductive amination, an aldehyde or ketone is subjected to catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of ammonia or an amine. R ...
Preparation of d, l-Phenylalanine by Amidocarbonylation of Benzyl
... crucial coupling between the two amino acid components N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)aspartic acid (Z-Asp-OH)2 and phenylalanine methyl ester (H-Phe-OMe). This has a number of advantages, one of which is the ability to use racemic phenylalanine as feedstock as the enzyme will only convert the S-enantiomer. A ...
... crucial coupling between the two amino acid components N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)aspartic acid (Z-Asp-OH)2 and phenylalanine methyl ester (H-Phe-OMe). This has a number of advantages, one of which is the ability to use racemic phenylalanine as feedstock as the enzyme will only convert the S-enantiomer. A ...
Amine-functionalized boehmite nanoparticle-supported
... tion progress was monitored by GLC. Because different alkenes have different reactivities toward oxidation, these reactions were continued until no further progress was observed. The ...
... tion progress was monitored by GLC. Because different alkenes have different reactivities toward oxidation, these reactions were continued until no further progress was observed. The ...
Hofmann–Löffler reaction
The Hofmann–Löffler reaction (also referred to as Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Hofmann reaction, as well as Löffler's method) is an organic reaction in which a cyclic amine 2 (pyrrolidine or, in some cases, piperidine) is generated by thermal or photochemical decomposition of N-halogenated amine 1 in the presence of a strong acid (concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated CF3CO2H). The Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction proceeds via an intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer to a nitrogen-centered radical and is an example of a remote intramolecular free radical C–H functionalization.