ppt
... Carbonyl compounds undergo nucleophilic addition. If there are two different groups attached to the C=O bond, the possibility of forming optical isomers arises. THE NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION OF HCN TO ETHANAL If the nucleophilic cyanide ion attacks from above one optical isomer is formed ...
... Carbonyl compounds undergo nucleophilic addition. If there are two different groups attached to the C=O bond, the possibility of forming optical isomers arises. THE NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION OF HCN TO ETHANAL If the nucleophilic cyanide ion attacks from above one optical isomer is formed ...
OCR Gateway Science
... (a) Write down the titres for runs 1 to 5 (b) Suggest why the first run was so much higher than the others. (c) Calculate the average titre using the results for titres 2 to 5. (d) Explain why you would not use universal indicator for this titration. (e) Phenolphthalein indicator was used to find th ...
... (a) Write down the titres for runs 1 to 5 (b) Suggest why the first run was so much higher than the others. (c) Calculate the average titre using the results for titres 2 to 5. (d) Explain why you would not use universal indicator for this titration. (e) Phenolphthalein indicator was used to find th ...
Chapter 9 – Reaction Energetics
... heating a piece of zinc from 25 ◦ C to 75 ◦ C and then cooling it back to 25 ◦ C ∆E < 0 ∆E > 0 ∆E = 0 ...
... heating a piece of zinc from 25 ◦ C to 75 ◦ C and then cooling it back to 25 ◦ C ∆E < 0 ∆E > 0 ∆E = 0 ...
CHH Review Unit 12 with answers
... the saturated solution pictured here: A. The total amount of dissolved solute remains constant. B. The total mass of undissolved crystals remains constant. C. When the rate of solvation equals the rate of crystallization, a state of dynamic equilibrium exists. D. If more solute were added to the con ...
... the saturated solution pictured here: A. The total amount of dissolved solute remains constant. B. The total mass of undissolved crystals remains constant. C. When the rate of solvation equals the rate of crystallization, a state of dynamic equilibrium exists. D. If more solute were added to the con ...
Topic 9 Oxidation and Reduction Answers - slider-dpchemistry-11
... it. Working out the numbers of electrons transferred is a little tricky if you only look how the oxidation number of carbon (it seems that each carbon in C3H8 has an oxidation number of 8/3 or 2 2/3) so look at the oxygen instead. The oxidation number of oxygen changes from 0 in O2 on the left of th ...
... it. Working out the numbers of electrons transferred is a little tricky if you only look how the oxidation number of carbon (it seems that each carbon in C3H8 has an oxidation number of 8/3 or 2 2/3) so look at the oxygen instead. The oxidation number of oxygen changes from 0 in O2 on the left of th ...
2nd Nine Weeks Notes
... 2. A reaction intermediate is a substance that is formed and used up during the overall reaction and therefore does not appear in the overall reaction. a. They are usually unstable relative to the reactants and products. b. They are molecules with normal bonds and are sometimes stable enough to be i ...
... 2. A reaction intermediate is a substance that is formed and used up during the overall reaction and therefore does not appear in the overall reaction. a. They are usually unstable relative to the reactants and products. b. They are molecules with normal bonds and are sometimes stable enough to be i ...
Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers
... • In organic and biological systems, oxidation involves the gain or loss of hydrogen. ...
... • In organic and biological systems, oxidation involves the gain or loss of hydrogen. ...
12602989_294 - University of Canterbury
... found9,11 to have a discrete M2L3 cage-like structure (Figure 2), within which three meta-divinylbenzene ligands bridge two trigonally coordinated silver atoms. All three metadivinylbenzene ligands are planar and display a (non-helical) propeller-like arrangement when viewed from above. The tetraflu ...
... found9,11 to have a discrete M2L3 cage-like structure (Figure 2), within which three meta-divinylbenzene ligands bridge two trigonally coordinated silver atoms. All three metadivinylbenzene ligands are planar and display a (non-helical) propeller-like arrangement when viewed from above. The tetraflu ...
CHEM181H1_06_2013_Y_P1
... A 50 mL aliquot of 0.10 M AgNO3 was mixed with 50 mL of 0.10 M HCl mixed in a constant-pressure calorimeter, causing the temperature to rise from 22.20oC to 23.11oC. The reaction responsible for the change in temperature is: AgNO3(aq) + HCl(aq) AgCl(s) + HNO3(aq) Calculate H (in kJ mol-1) for the ...
... A 50 mL aliquot of 0.10 M AgNO3 was mixed with 50 mL of 0.10 M HCl mixed in a constant-pressure calorimeter, causing the temperature to rise from 22.20oC to 23.11oC. The reaction responsible for the change in temperature is: AgNO3(aq) + HCl(aq) AgCl(s) + HNO3(aq) Calculate H (in kJ mol-1) for the ...
Acid‒base reaction
... Acids are generally pure substances which contain hydrogen ions (H+) or cause them to be produced in solutions. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) are common examples. In water, these break apart into ions: HCl → H+(aq) + (aq) H2SO4 → H+(aq) + HSO4−(aq) An alkali is a base, more preci ...
... Acids are generally pure substances which contain hydrogen ions (H+) or cause them to be produced in solutions. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) are common examples. In water, these break apart into ions: HCl → H+(aq) + (aq) H2SO4 → H+(aq) + HSO4−(aq) An alkali is a base, more preci ...
Exam 2 Review A
... using an arrow-pushing mechanism to explain how the reaction works. a. Be able to explain the differences between this reaction and the reverse process, i.e., the acid-catalyzed dehydration of alcohols to form alkenes. 4. Be able to explain how alkenes can be hydrated in a Markovnikov fashion using ...
... using an arrow-pushing mechanism to explain how the reaction works. a. Be able to explain the differences between this reaction and the reverse process, i.e., the acid-catalyzed dehydration of alcohols to form alkenes. 4. Be able to explain how alkenes can be hydrated in a Markovnikov fashion using ...
Chem 12 Prov Exam PLO Review
... demonstrate an awareness of the following: • reactions are the result of collisions between reactant particles • not all collisions are successful • sufficient kinetic energy (KE) and favourable geometry are required • to increase the rate of a reaction one must increase the frequency of successful ...
... demonstrate an awareness of the following: • reactions are the result of collisions between reactant particles • not all collisions are successful • sufficient kinetic energy (KE) and favourable geometry are required • to increase the rate of a reaction one must increase the frequency of successful ...
Advanced Organic Chemistry (Chapter 7)
... Steric hindrance to the approach of the base is probably the major factor. Structural Effects on The Rate of Deprotonation Very strong bases such as LDA or HMDS in polar aprotic solvents such sc DME or THF gives solutions of the enolates whose composition reflect the rate of removal of the different ...
... Steric hindrance to the approach of the base is probably the major factor. Structural Effects on The Rate of Deprotonation Very strong bases such as LDA or HMDS in polar aprotic solvents such sc DME or THF gives solutions of the enolates whose composition reflect the rate of removal of the different ...
Topic 5 Energetics File
... Average bond enthalpy: The average enthalpy change of breaking one mole of a bond in a gaseous atom into its constituent gaseous atoms. Born-Haber cycle: Energy cycles for the formation of ionic compounds. If there is little agreement between the theoretical and experimental values, this could indic ...
... Average bond enthalpy: The average enthalpy change of breaking one mole of a bond in a gaseous atom into its constituent gaseous atoms. Born-Haber cycle: Energy cycles for the formation of ionic compounds. If there is little agreement between the theoretical and experimental values, this could indic ...
SCH 4U REVIEW Notes
... polar (due to hydroxyl group) hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces high (due to capacity for hydrogen bonding) very soluble in polar solvents and nonpolar solvents (due to OH- group) ...
... polar (due to hydroxyl group) hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces high (due to capacity for hydrogen bonding) very soluble in polar solvents and nonpolar solvents (due to OH- group) ...
Aromatic heterocycles 1: structures and reactions
... Pyridones are easy to prepare (see Chapter 44) and can be alkylated on oxygen as predicted by their structure. A more important reaction is the direct conversion to chloropyridines with POCl3. The reaction starts by attack of the oxygen atom at phosphorus to create a leaving group, followed by aroma ...
... Pyridones are easy to prepare (see Chapter 44) and can be alkylated on oxygen as predicted by their structure. A more important reaction is the direct conversion to chloropyridines with POCl3. The reaction starts by attack of the oxygen atom at phosphorus to create a leaving group, followed by aroma ...
Carboxylic Acids Theory Sheet
... Carboxylic acids are compounds with the formula of that illustrated in Figure 1 and the general formula R-COOH where R is part of a larger organic molecule e.g.CH3, C2H5, C6H5. To name carboxylic acids you must look at the alkyl chain, take its prefix and add “oic acid” to it. CH3CH2COOH is PROPANOI ...
... Carboxylic acids are compounds with the formula of that illustrated in Figure 1 and the general formula R-COOH where R is part of a larger organic molecule e.g.CH3, C2H5, C6H5. To name carboxylic acids you must look at the alkyl chain, take its prefix and add “oic acid” to it. CH3CH2COOH is PROPANOI ...
Amine-functionalized boehmite nanoparticle-supported
... AFBNPs also showed no reactivity in the catalytic epoxidation of alkenes (Table 1, entry 31), as it was predictable according to the above‐mentioned discussion. The efficient BET surface area of AFBNPs was 321 m2 g−1, which does not show a significant change in comparison with BNPs. AFBNPs were ...
... AFBNPs also showed no reactivity in the catalytic epoxidation of alkenes (Table 1, entry 31), as it was predictable according to the above‐mentioned discussion. The efficient BET surface area of AFBNPs was 321 m2 g−1, which does not show a significant change in comparison with BNPs. AFBNPs were ...
1984 Advanced Placement Exam
... When the concentration of substance B in the reaction above is doubled, all other factors being held constant, it is found that the rate of the reaction remains unchanged. The most probable explanation for this observation is that (A) the order of the reaction with respect to substance B is 1 (B) su ...
... When the concentration of substance B in the reaction above is doubled, all other factors being held constant, it is found that the rate of the reaction remains unchanged. The most probable explanation for this observation is that (A) the order of the reaction with respect to substance B is 1 (B) su ...
elements of chemistry unit
... For Al: Aluminum is a pure element so it has a + 0 oxidation number. For O2: Oxygen is a pure element so it has a + 0 oxidation number. For Al2O3: Oxygen is a group 16 element, so each oxygen atom has a – 2 oxidation number. Since there are 3 oxygen atoms in Al2O3, the O3 atoms have a combined – 6 o ...
... For Al: Aluminum is a pure element so it has a + 0 oxidation number. For O2: Oxygen is a pure element so it has a + 0 oxidation number. For Al2O3: Oxygen is a group 16 element, so each oxygen atom has a – 2 oxidation number. Since there are 3 oxygen atoms in Al2O3, the O3 atoms have a combined – 6 o ...
([Cu(NH3)4](MnO4)2)
... the atomic level) can be useful for the synthesis of various catalysts [1] at moderate temperatures. One of the possible precursors, tetraamminecopper(2 ) bis(permanganate) ([Cu(NH3 )4 ](MnO4 )2 ; 1), was discovered by Klobb [2]. M¸ller et al. [3] studied its IR spectrum and determined its powder d ...
... the atomic level) can be useful for the synthesis of various catalysts [1] at moderate temperatures. One of the possible precursors, tetraamminecopper(2 ) bis(permanganate) ([Cu(NH3 )4 ](MnO4 )2 ; 1), was discovered by Klobb [2]. M¸ller et al. [3] studied its IR spectrum and determined its powder d ...
Chemistry - CBSE Guess
... 20. Calculate the boiling point of a solution containing 0.456 gms of Camphor (mol. mass = 152) dissolved in 31.4 g of Acetone(b.p. = 56.30°C) if molal elevation constant per 100 g of acetone is 17.2°C. 21. Chromium erystallises in a body certred cubic lattice, whose density is 7.20 g/cm3. The lengt ...
... 20. Calculate the boiling point of a solution containing 0.456 gms of Camphor (mol. mass = 152) dissolved in 31.4 g of Acetone(b.p. = 56.30°C) if molal elevation constant per 100 g of acetone is 17.2°C. 21. Chromium erystallises in a body certred cubic lattice, whose density is 7.20 g/cm3. The lengt ...
Ch 4 Carbon teacher
... Energy medicine is a placebo, leading many advocates to mistake the effects of classical conditioning, expectation of relief that leads to reduction of anxiety and stress, and beliefs about the effectiveness of the medicine as effects of mythical energy. AP Biology ...
... Energy medicine is a placebo, leading many advocates to mistake the effects of classical conditioning, expectation of relief that leads to reduction of anxiety and stress, and beliefs about the effectiveness of the medicine as effects of mythical energy. AP Biology ...
PDF
... to the respective 3-MCPD precursor), and an inert emulsifier (Tween 80, 30 mg) were placed in a 5 ml glass tube, 48 µl water was added (its content was 16.67% w/w, i.e. 20% w/w of the dry matter), the tube was sealed and heated in an oven at 200°C for 30 min and then cooled to room temperature. The ...
... to the respective 3-MCPD precursor), and an inert emulsifier (Tween 80, 30 mg) were placed in a 5 ml glass tube, 48 µl water was added (its content was 16.67% w/w, i.e. 20% w/w of the dry matter), the tube was sealed and heated in an oven at 200°C for 30 min and then cooled to room temperature. The ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.