SMK RAJA PEREMPUAN, IPOH
... oxidant such as acidified KMnO4 will cause the carbon atoms which are joined directly to the benzene ring to become a carboxyl group, and the remaining alkyl chains will turn into water and CO2 21. determine the products of halogenation of methylbenzene (toluene) with Lewis acid catalysts such as Al ...
... oxidant such as acidified KMnO4 will cause the carbon atoms which are joined directly to the benzene ring to become a carboxyl group, and the remaining alkyl chains will turn into water and CO2 21. determine the products of halogenation of methylbenzene (toluene) with Lewis acid catalysts such as Al ...
ch04 - alkanes
... We can build additional alkanes by adding - CH 2 – units C n H 2n+2 = saturated = no double bonds, no rings ...
... We can build additional alkanes by adding - CH 2 – units C n H 2n+2 = saturated = no double bonds, no rings ...
Retrosynthetic Analysis of Nabumetone
... Conducting a retrosynthetic analysis shows that there are four logical carbon-carbon bonds that could be formed in order to produce the target molecule. Each of these four breaks produce two pairs of synthons. The normal synthons with standard latent polarity are shown on the left in the following s ...
... Conducting a retrosynthetic analysis shows that there are four logical carbon-carbon bonds that could be formed in order to produce the target molecule. Each of these four breaks produce two pairs of synthons. The normal synthons with standard latent polarity are shown on the left in the following s ...
K-KAT 670 Silane Catalyst Presentation
... Organotin compounds such as, for example, dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL),and dibutyltin bis(acetylacetonate) are widely used as condensation cure catalysts to accelerate the moisture assisted curing of a number of different polyorganosiloxanes and non-silicone polymers having reactive terminal silyl g ...
... Organotin compounds such as, for example, dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL),and dibutyltin bis(acetylacetonate) are widely used as condensation cure catalysts to accelerate the moisture assisted curing of a number of different polyorganosiloxanes and non-silicone polymers having reactive terminal silyl g ...
iNTRODUCTiON TO ORGANiC COMPOUNDS
... The last group of compounds we are going to discuss includes some that are of great importance and interest today. Included are the chlorofluorocarbons that are used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems and which are thought to be involved in the depletion of ozone in the upper atmosphere. ...
... The last group of compounds we are going to discuss includes some that are of great importance and interest today. Included are the chlorofluorocarbons that are used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems and which are thought to be involved in the depletion of ozone in the upper atmosphere. ...
B.Sc Chemistry - Calicut University
... evolution of the theory from the above viewpoint. After studying this module, the student realizes the failures of classical physics theories in explaining the microworld and he admits that a new theory is the need of the hour, which is quantum theory. Module II deals with the basic principles (the ...
... evolution of the theory from the above viewpoint. After studying this module, the student realizes the failures of classical physics theories in explaining the microworld and he admits that a new theory is the need of the hour, which is quantum theory. Module II deals with the basic principles (the ...
Chapter 3
... Stoichiometry refers to the quantitative relationships between the substances that are consumed and produced by chemical reactions. These quantitative relationships are important in the development of large-scale production of such things as chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of cancer. One of ...
... Stoichiometry refers to the quantitative relationships between the substances that are consumed and produced by chemical reactions. These quantitative relationships are important in the development of large-scale production of such things as chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of cancer. One of ...
CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) - Parkway C-2
... The official naming system, the IUPAC naming system, does not call both of these molecules octane though! Look at these two molecules - both of these molecules are generically referred to as structural isomers of hexane, because they both have 6 carbons and 14 hydrogens (C6H14). They don’t have the ...
... The official naming system, the IUPAC naming system, does not call both of these molecules octane though! Look at these two molecules - both of these molecules are generically referred to as structural isomers of hexane, because they both have 6 carbons and 14 hydrogens (C6H14). They don’t have the ...
Methods to Design and Synthesize Antibody
... Cancer is still one of the major threats to human health. However, cancer therapies used today always have more or less adverse side effects to normal tissues. Targeted therapy is a promising strategy to address this challenge. The pioneer of targeted therapy is Paul Ehrlich who introduced the princ ...
... Cancer is still one of the major threats to human health. However, cancer therapies used today always have more or less adverse side effects to normal tissues. Targeted therapy is a promising strategy to address this challenge. The pioneer of targeted therapy is Paul Ehrlich who introduced the princ ...
04_01_03.html
... Overview of Chapter This chapter introduces chemical reactions and their mechanisms by focusing on two reactions that yield alkyl halides. (1) alcohol + hydrogen halide ROH + HX RX + H2O (2) alkane + halogen RH + X2 RX + HX Both are substitution reactions ...
... Overview of Chapter This chapter introduces chemical reactions and their mechanisms by focusing on two reactions that yield alkyl halides. (1) alcohol + hydrogen halide ROH + HX RX + H2O (2) alkane + halogen RH + X2 RX + HX Both are substitution reactions ...
indian association of chemistry teachers
... N1V1 = N2V2 0.0162 × 5 × V1 = 0.022 × 2 × 25 V1 = 13.6 ml The element that has the highest tendency to catenate is (A) silicon (B) germanium (C) sulphur [C] ...
... N1V1 = N2V2 0.0162 × 5 × V1 = 0.022 × 2 × 25 V1 = 13.6 ml The element that has the highest tendency to catenate is (A) silicon (B) germanium (C) sulphur [C] ...
Structural determination of organic compounds
... Mass Spectrometry In a mass spectrometric analysis, it involves: 1. the conversion of molecules to ions 2. separation of the ions formed according to their mass-to-charge (m/e) ratio m is the mass of the ion in atomic mass units and e is its charge ...
... Mass Spectrometry In a mass spectrometric analysis, it involves: 1. the conversion of molecules to ions 2. separation of the ions formed according to their mass-to-charge (m/e) ratio m is the mass of the ion in atomic mass units and e is its charge ...
Chapter 4 Alcohols and Alkyl Halides
... (1) Thionyl Chloride: We can treat alcohols with boiling thionyl chloride (SOCl2) to convert the alcohol to an alkyl chloride. This method is considerably milder than using concentrated hydrochloric acid and is useful when the molecule contains sensitive functional groups that would react with the s ...
... (1) Thionyl Chloride: We can treat alcohols with boiling thionyl chloride (SOCl2) to convert the alcohol to an alkyl chloride. This method is considerably milder than using concentrated hydrochloric acid and is useful when the molecule contains sensitive functional groups that would react with the s ...
CHEMICAL AND PROCESS DESIGN HANDBOOK
... Alkylation is usually used to increase performance of a product and involves the conversion of, for example, an amine to its alkylated homologs as in the reaction of aniline with methyl alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst: C6H5NH2 + 2CH3OH → C6H5N(CH3)2 + 2H2O Thus, aniline, with a con ...
... Alkylation is usually used to increase performance of a product and involves the conversion of, for example, an amine to its alkylated homologs as in the reaction of aniline with methyl alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst: C6H5NH2 + 2CH3OH → C6H5N(CH3)2 + 2H2O Thus, aniline, with a con ...
drug metabolism
... Exploration of new drugs. Based on the mechanisms of biotransformation, it is possible to design new drugs with longer half-lives and fewer sideeffects. Once the metabolic products are known, it is possible to design a compound that is inactive when administered, but which utilizes the metabolic enz ...
... Exploration of new drugs. Based on the mechanisms of biotransformation, it is possible to design new drugs with longer half-lives and fewer sideeffects. Once the metabolic products are known, it is possible to design a compound that is inactive when administered, but which utilizes the metabolic enz ...
Harvard University General Chemistry Practice Problems “The
... 1. Start with 100. mL of 0.100 M BaCl2 2. Add 50. mL of 0.100 M AgNO3 ; a precipitate of AgCl is formed. 3. Add 50. mL of 0.100 M H2 SO4 ; a precipitate of BaSO4 is formed. 4. Finally, add 250. mL of 0.100 M NH3 to neutralize the acid. Determine the concentrations of each of the following species in ...
... 1. Start with 100. mL of 0.100 M BaCl2 2. Add 50. mL of 0.100 M AgNO3 ; a precipitate of AgCl is formed. 3. Add 50. mL of 0.100 M H2 SO4 ; a precipitate of BaSO4 is formed. 4. Finally, add 250. mL of 0.100 M NH3 to neutralize the acid. Determine the concentrations of each of the following species in ...
Chapter 12
... stoichiometric calculations begin with a balanced chemical equation, which indicates relative amounts of the substances that react and the products that form. Mole ratios based on the balanced chemical equation are also needed. You learned to write mole ratios in Section 12.1. Finally, mass-to-mole ...
... stoichiometric calculations begin with a balanced chemical equation, which indicates relative amounts of the substances that react and the products that form. Mole ratios based on the balanced chemical equation are also needed. You learned to write mole ratios in Section 12.1. Finally, mass-to-mole ...
equilibrium - eVirtualGuru
... molecules with relatively higher kinetic energy escape the liquid surface into the vapour phase and number of liquid molecules from the vapour phase strike the liquid surface and are retained in the liquid phase. It gives rise to a constant vapour pressure because of an equilibrium in which the numb ...
... molecules with relatively higher kinetic energy escape the liquid surface into the vapour phase and number of liquid molecules from the vapour phase strike the liquid surface and are retained in the liquid phase. It gives rise to a constant vapour pressure because of an equilibrium in which the numb ...
Document
... vacancy defect. This results the decrease in density of the substance. This defect develops when a substance is heated. # Interstitial defect- When some constituent particles occupy an interstitial site, the crystal is said to have interstitial defect. This defect increases the density of the substa ...
... vacancy defect. This results the decrease in density of the substance. This defect develops when a substance is heated. # Interstitial defect- When some constituent particles occupy an interstitial site, the crystal is said to have interstitial defect. This defect increases the density of the substa ...
CURRICULUM SUMMARY 2016-2017 SUBJECT: Chemistry YEAR
... bromide and iodide (by reaction under acidic conditions with aqueous silver nitrate), nitrate (by reaction with aluminium), sulfate (by reaction under acidic condition with aqueous barium ions) and sulfite (by reaction with dilute acid and then aqueous potassium manganite (VII) Gases; ammonia (usi ...
... bromide and iodide (by reaction under acidic conditions with aqueous silver nitrate), nitrate (by reaction with aluminium), sulfate (by reaction under acidic condition with aqueous barium ions) and sulfite (by reaction with dilute acid and then aqueous potassium manganite (VII) Gases; ammonia (usi ...
4 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
... in Fig. 4.3(a). The molecule contains a polar OOH bond like those in water, which makes it very compatible with water. The interaction of water with ethanol is represented in Fig. 4.3(b). Many substances do not dissolve in water. Pure water will not, for example, dissolve animal fat because fat mole ...
... in Fig. 4.3(a). The molecule contains a polar OOH bond like those in water, which makes it very compatible with water. The interaction of water with ethanol is represented in Fig. 4.3(b). Many substances do not dissolve in water. Pure water will not, for example, dissolve animal fat because fat mole ...
Unit 3: 1 Equilibrium and the Constant, K
... environmental processes that are reversible, construct an explanation that connects the observations to the reversibility of the underlying chemical reactions or processes. [See SP 6.2; Essential knowledge 6.A.1] Learning objective 6.2 The student can, given a manipulation of a chemical reaction or ...
... environmental processes that are reversible, construct an explanation that connects the observations to the reversibility of the underlying chemical reactions or processes. [See SP 6.2; Essential knowledge 6.A.1] Learning objective 6.2 The student can, given a manipulation of a chemical reaction or ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.