Carbonyl Compounds
... The reaction is reversible. It is driven to completion by using a small excess of the carboxylic acid and by distilling out the water from the reaction mixture as it is formed. ...
... The reaction is reversible. It is driven to completion by using a small excess of the carboxylic acid and by distilling out the water from the reaction mixture as it is formed. ...
Chapter 4 CARBON AND THE MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF LIFE
... NOTE: Carboxyl group is a source of H ions (Protons) so it is an acid, since acids are a source of electrons in solution Amino group picks up H ions (protons) in solution so this makes it a base. ...
... NOTE: Carboxyl group is a source of H ions (Protons) so it is an acid, since acids are a source of electrons in solution Amino group picks up H ions (protons) in solution so this makes it a base. ...
Chemistry 199 - Department of Chemistry | Oregon State University
... have a double bond located at the third carbon from the end of the chain. The term omega-3 is used because omega indicates the first carbon at the end of the chain and the 3 indicates the third carbon atom in. ...
... have a double bond located at the third carbon from the end of the chain. The term omega-3 is used because omega indicates the first carbon at the end of the chain and the 3 indicates the third carbon atom in. ...
Production of materials
... crude oil. Instead it has to be produced from other hydrocarbons by a process called cracking. Cracking: process in which large hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller ones with the help of heat and/or a catalyst. ...
... crude oil. Instead it has to be produced from other hydrocarbons by a process called cracking. Cracking: process in which large hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller ones with the help of heat and/or a catalyst. ...
Chapter 3 – sections 3
... have fatty acid chains with some double bonds and are easier to digest. Define the following terms: Hydrocarbons – carbon and hydrogen molecules ...
... have fatty acid chains with some double bonds and are easier to digest. Define the following terms: Hydrocarbons – carbon and hydrogen molecules ...
alcohols - GCG-42
... alcohols are the rxns of –OH gp. In general, these are divided into 3 categories:I. Rxns involving the cleavage of O-H bond II. Rxns involving the cleavage of C-OH bond III. Rxns involving both alkyl and hydroxyl gps of the acohol molecules. ...
... alcohols are the rxns of –OH gp. In general, these are divided into 3 categories:I. Rxns involving the cleavage of O-H bond II. Rxns involving the cleavage of C-OH bond III. Rxns involving both alkyl and hydroxyl gps of the acohol molecules. ...
Review sheet - Paws.wcu.edu.
... can add e- density by resonance (-OH, -OR, -NR2, -Ph ) Deactivators: remove electron density from aromatic ring, reduce rate of EAS, direct meta can remove e- density by induction (-CF3, -N+R3, -SO3H, -NO2 ) can remove e- density by resonance (-NO2, -CN, -C(=O)-R carbonyl) Halogens: deactivators th ...
... can add e- density by resonance (-OH, -OR, -NR2, -Ph ) Deactivators: remove electron density from aromatic ring, reduce rate of EAS, direct meta can remove e- density by induction (-CF3, -N+R3, -SO3H, -NO2 ) can remove e- density by resonance (-NO2, -CN, -C(=O)-R carbonyl) Halogens: deactivators th ...
PTT102 Aldehydes and Ketones
... 1. Claisen Condensation Condensation of Two Ester Molecules. The product of a Claisen condensation is a βketo ester. In a Claisen condensation, one molecule of carbonyl compound is the nucleophile and second molecule is electrophile. The new C-C bond connect the α-carbon of one molecule and t ...
... 1. Claisen Condensation Condensation of Two Ester Molecules. The product of a Claisen condensation is a βketo ester. In a Claisen condensation, one molecule of carbonyl compound is the nucleophile and second molecule is electrophile. The new C-C bond connect the α-carbon of one molecule and t ...
Regents Unit 15b: Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, & Esters
... • Contain –COOH group. • H is bonded to O. Hydrogen bonding occurs. Leads to increases in boiling point over corresponding alkane. • Also can form hydrogen bonds with water so the smaller acids are pretty soluble. ...
... • Contain –COOH group. • H is bonded to O. Hydrogen bonding occurs. Leads to increases in boiling point over corresponding alkane. • Also can form hydrogen bonds with water so the smaller acids are pretty soluble. ...
Syn Addition
... Alkene must be 2-butene. But wait that could be either cis or trans! We want meso. Have to worry about stereochemistry ...
... Alkene must be 2-butene. But wait that could be either cis or trans! We want meso. Have to worry about stereochemistry ...
Biochemistry
... A. Inorganic compounds contain no carbon B. Organic compounds contain carbon bonded to other elements C. Carbon is Basis of Life 1. Four electrons in outer shell. 2. Carbon bonds easily with carbon. 3. Carbon bonds easily with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and functional groups ...
... A. Inorganic compounds contain no carbon B. Organic compounds contain carbon bonded to other elements C. Carbon is Basis of Life 1. Four electrons in outer shell. 2. Carbon bonds easily with carbon. 3. Carbon bonds easily with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and functional groups ...
Geoffrey Wilkinson - Nobel Lecture
... structure of this iron compound was based on two points. Firstly, my knowledge of the instability of transition metal alkyls and aryls, secondly my intuition concerning the nature, uncertain at that time, of the binding of ethylene in Zeise’s salt and of butadiene in Reihlen’s compound, C 4H 6Fe (CO ...
... structure of this iron compound was based on two points. Firstly, my knowledge of the instability of transition metal alkyls and aryls, secondly my intuition concerning the nature, uncertain at that time, of the binding of ethylene in Zeise’s salt and of butadiene in Reihlen’s compound, C 4H 6Fe (CO ...
Esters A class of organic compounds that react with water to
... A class of organic compounds that react with water to produce alcohols and organic and inorganic acids. It is mainly result of condensation of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. ...
... A class of organic compounds that react with water to produce alcohols and organic and inorganic acids. It is mainly result of condensation of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. ...
Organic Chemistry 25.2 Introduction to Hydrocarbons
... Hydrocarbons are relatively unreactive; for an organic molecule to be reactive it needs something additional. ...
... Hydrocarbons are relatively unreactive; for an organic molecule to be reactive it needs something additional. ...
Some comments and hints for the March 9 Biochemistry
... b. Sugars are very polar, with essentially no vapor pressure, so they won’t go into the gas phase. Also, they denature to form caramel like goos. c. The reduction of fructose creates a new tetrahedral stereocenter. This can be examined best by looking at Fischer projections of the sugars. d. The fir ...
... b. Sugars are very polar, with essentially no vapor pressure, so they won’t go into the gas phase. Also, they denature to form caramel like goos. c. The reduction of fructose creates a new tetrahedral stereocenter. This can be examined best by looking at Fischer projections of the sugars. d. The fir ...
Naming the Alkenes
... Rule 5: Use the IUPAC E,Z system when cis/trans labels are not applicable (3 or 4 different substituents attached to the double-bond carbons). Apply the sequence rules devised for R,S substituent priorities to the two groups on each double-bond carbon. If the two groups of highest priority are on o ...
... Rule 5: Use the IUPAC E,Z system when cis/trans labels are not applicable (3 or 4 different substituents attached to the double-bond carbons). Apply the sequence rules devised for R,S substituent priorities to the two groups on each double-bond carbon. If the two groups of highest priority are on o ...
Chapter 17, 18 Lecture
... aspect of the carbonyl group chemistry, a nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group. In the examples below, this occurs via a hydride anion. This anion is supplied via a mixture of hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst (Pt, Pd, Ni) at high temperatures and pressures or via salts called metal hydrides. ...
... aspect of the carbonyl group chemistry, a nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group. In the examples below, this occurs via a hydride anion. This anion is supplied via a mixture of hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst (Pt, Pd, Ni) at high temperatures and pressures or via salts called metal hydrides. ...
Lecture 5: Biotrans_detox_biodegrade_lecture
... (d.) mechanism (e.) very broad range of substrates accomodated -- aliphatic hydroxylation -- aromatic hydroxylation -- aliphatic epoxidation -- aromatic epoxidation -- N-oxidation -- sulfoxidation -- dealkylation -- deamination -- dehalogenation 6.) Phase II conjugations (a.) occur in cytosol ...
... (d.) mechanism (e.) very broad range of substrates accomodated -- aliphatic hydroxylation -- aromatic hydroxylation -- aliphatic epoxidation -- aromatic epoxidation -- N-oxidation -- sulfoxidation -- dealkylation -- deamination -- dehalogenation 6.) Phase II conjugations (a.) occur in cytosol ...
Name / Functional Group
... Be careful, the alcohol is volatile and tends to pour out rather than drip. 4. Add two drops of concentrated sulfuric acid (be careful not to drop acid on your skin or the table). 5. Turn off the hot plate and add cool water to the beaker until it is 2/3 full. Check the temperature of the water bath ...
... Be careful, the alcohol is volatile and tends to pour out rather than drip. 4. Add two drops of concentrated sulfuric acid (be careful not to drop acid on your skin or the table). 5. Turn off the hot plate and add cool water to the beaker until it is 2/3 full. Check the temperature of the water bath ...
Lecture 7a
... (Na+ RCOO-, where R= C17H35, etc.) Food vs. Fuel debate (i.e., 80 gal/acre for soy and sunflower) 42 billion gallons of diesel in 2008 in the US: 525,000,000 acre (21 % of the US) If the gasoline is also included (135 billion gallons) about 85 % of the area is needed! ...
... (Na+ RCOO-, where R= C17H35, etc.) Food vs. Fuel debate (i.e., 80 gal/acre for soy and sunflower) 42 billion gallons of diesel in 2008 in the US: 525,000,000 acre (21 % of the US) If the gasoline is also included (135 billion gallons) about 85 % of the area is needed! ...
File - Kheriaty Chemistry
... b. What type of reaction is this? 22. a. Balance the reaction between sulfuric acid and ammonia (NH3) to yield ammonium sulfate. ...
... b. What type of reaction is this? 22. a. Balance the reaction between sulfuric acid and ammonia (NH3) to yield ammonium sulfate. ...
Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.