Lecture notes for chapter 6
... aryl complexes are usually relatively stable compared to alkyls with hydrogens. But “stable” is a relative term since transition metal aryl complexes are usually quite air-sensitive. Aryls do have the potential for both -donation and -backbonding through the filled aryl -orbitals and empty * an ...
... aryl complexes are usually relatively stable compared to alkyls with hydrogens. But “stable” is a relative term since transition metal aryl complexes are usually quite air-sensitive. Aryls do have the potential for both -donation and -backbonding through the filled aryl -orbitals and empty * an ...
Reactions of carbohydrates
... • React the sugar with alcohol in acid. • Since the open chain sugar is in equilibrium with its - and -hemiacetal, both anomers of the acetal are formed. • Aglycone is the term used for the group bonded to the anomeric carbon. ...
... • React the sugar with alcohol in acid. • Since the open chain sugar is in equilibrium with its - and -hemiacetal, both anomers of the acetal are formed. • Aglycone is the term used for the group bonded to the anomeric carbon. ...
organic compounds in three dimensions
... Cis- and Trans- Isomers: An important difference between alkanes and alkenes is the degree of flexibility of the carbon-carbon bonds in the molecules. Rotation around single carbon-carbon bonds in alkanes occurs readily at room temperature, but the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes is strong enou ...
... Cis- and Trans- Isomers: An important difference between alkanes and alkenes is the degree of flexibility of the carbon-carbon bonds in the molecules. Rotation around single carbon-carbon bonds in alkanes occurs readily at room temperature, but the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes is strong enou ...
CHAPTER 9 HYDROGEN Position of Hydrogen in Periodic Table
... These are the compounds of H2 formed with most of the s-block elements which are highly electro positive. (ii) Covalent or molecular hydrides:-These are the compounds of hydrogen formed with most of the p-block elements [a]Electron deficient:- The hydrides which do not have sufficient number of el ...
... These are the compounds of H2 formed with most of the s-block elements which are highly electro positive. (ii) Covalent or molecular hydrides:-These are the compounds of hydrogen formed with most of the p-block elements [a]Electron deficient:- The hydrides which do not have sufficient number of el ...
5.7 Hemiacetals and hemiketals Aldehydes react with alcohols to
... direction, the necessity of twisting the ring in such a way as to position the OH group on the #5 C in such a way as to react with the partially positively charged carbon atom locks the other OH groups in the configuration shown above. The OH group ON the #1 carbon DOES have 2 possible configuration ...
... direction, the necessity of twisting the ring in such a way as to position the OH group on the #5 C in such a way as to react with the partially positively charged carbon atom locks the other OH groups in the configuration shown above. The OH group ON the #1 carbon DOES have 2 possible configuration ...
lecture 5
... 4. Double and triple bonds are considered to have equal priority: thus in a molecule with both a double and triple bond, whichever is close to the end of the chain determines the direction of numbering. 5. In case where double and triple bonds would have the same position number, the double bond ...
... 4. Double and triple bonds are considered to have equal priority: thus in a molecule with both a double and triple bond, whichever is close to the end of the chain determines the direction of numbering. 5. In case where double and triple bonds would have the same position number, the double bond ...
Unit 6 web
... only from ‘living matter’, ie. containing a ‘vital force’. ( consider the symbolism of ‘organic foods’) Probably ~10 million organic compounds known! Inorganic compounds are compounds/molecules that do not contain carbon. ...
... only from ‘living matter’, ie. containing a ‘vital force’. ( consider the symbolism of ‘organic foods’) Probably ~10 million organic compounds known! Inorganic compounds are compounds/molecules that do not contain carbon. ...
The Fischer Indole Synthesis
... Fischer made his first great discovery in 1875 when he was first to successfully synthesize phenylhydrazine by reaction of aniline with potassium hydrogen sulfite. This opened the door to much research on phenylhydrazines, which eventually led to the Fischer indole synthesis. Besides his research i ...
... Fischer made his first great discovery in 1875 when he was first to successfully synthesize phenylhydrazine by reaction of aniline with potassium hydrogen sulfite. This opened the door to much research on phenylhydrazines, which eventually led to the Fischer indole synthesis. Besides his research i ...
Reactions of amino acids - Katedra i Zakład Chemii
... are added to the solution of a protein or a peptide, the violet colour appears. This reaction occurs only if the peptide molecule contains at least two peptide bonds (3 amino acids). Free amino acids and dipeptides do not undergo this test. The false positive test result can also be observed when di ...
... are added to the solution of a protein or a peptide, the violet colour appears. This reaction occurs only if the peptide molecule contains at least two peptide bonds (3 amino acids). Free amino acids and dipeptides do not undergo this test. The false positive test result can also be observed when di ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSRJAC)
... a solution of 95 % sodium nitrite was added over a period of one hour and temperature being kept between 50C to 100C. This mixture mixed with double distilled water and stirring for two hour and extracted with ether. After drying ether solution with sodium sulphate the solvent was distilled off on a ...
... a solution of 95 % sodium nitrite was added over a period of one hour and temperature being kept between 50C to 100C. This mixture mixed with double distilled water and stirring for two hour and extracted with ether. After drying ether solution with sodium sulphate the solvent was distilled off on a ...
Metabolism of Xenobiotics Xiao Li Xenobiotics
... This reaction also relies on oxygen and NADPH, and results in the formation of NADP and water. ◆consume oxygens of liver and NADPH ...
... This reaction also relies on oxygen and NADPH, and results in the formation of NADP and water. ◆consume oxygens of liver and NADPH ...
CHEM 242 Organic Chemistry II-Bender
... There are no excused absences. Labs will be graded by quiz or a brief summary of the lab. Practice in running organic reaction mechanisms is the main goal of the laboratory exercises. Lab reports are due at the beginning of the next lab class. You are expected to have pre-lab information completed p ...
... There are no excused absences. Labs will be graded by quiz or a brief summary of the lab. Practice in running organic reaction mechanisms is the main goal of the laboratory exercises. Lab reports are due at the beginning of the next lab class. You are expected to have pre-lab information completed p ...
lecture1 - Unaab.edu.ng
... If a hard metal is combined with a soft ligand, the metal does not readily accept the electron density being offered by the ligand, and so the resulting complex is less stable since both partners are incompatible. As a general rule, the affinity of a donor atom in a ligand for a hard metal ion varie ...
... If a hard metal is combined with a soft ligand, the metal does not readily accept the electron density being offered by the ligand, and so the resulting complex is less stable since both partners are incompatible. As a general rule, the affinity of a donor atom in a ligand for a hard metal ion varie ...
draft material draft material - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... three groups show typical properties of s-block and p-block elements and clear trends in physical and chemical properties. For example, in Group 1, the first ionisation energy decreases down the group, and in Group 7 the reactivity decreases down the group. You learned to understand simple chemical ...
... three groups show typical properties of s-block and p-block elements and clear trends in physical and chemical properties. For example, in Group 1, the first ionisation energy decreases down the group, and in Group 7 the reactivity decreases down the group. You learned to understand simple chemical ...
Chemical Reactions (L1)
... Combustion Reactions Combustion reactions are the ones that burn (or explode!). There are two types of combustion reactions—complete or incomplete reactions. These reactions are identified by their products. They either produce carbon monoxide and water or carbon dioxide and water. ...
... Combustion Reactions Combustion reactions are the ones that burn (or explode!). There are two types of combustion reactions—complete or incomplete reactions. These reactions are identified by their products. They either produce carbon monoxide and water or carbon dioxide and water. ...
Chapter 13 Carbohydrates
... Monosaccharides Monosaccharides • consist of three to eight carbon chains with one carbon in a carbonyl group • are further classified as an aldose, which contains an aldehyde group, or a ketose, which contains a ketone carbonyl group • have several hydroxyl groups ...
... Monosaccharides Monosaccharides • consist of three to eight carbon chains with one carbon in a carbonyl group • are further classified as an aldose, which contains an aldehyde group, or a ketose, which contains a ketone carbonyl group • have several hydroxyl groups ...
Bulgarian Chemical Communications, Volume 41, Number 4 (pp
... When the pH of the medium is increased from 1.0 to 3.0 complete mineralization of both dyes was achieved. This is due to the fact that at pH 3, half of the iron species exist as Fe3+ ions and the other half as complex ion Fe[OH]2+(H2O)5. Both are dominant photo active species that possess highest li ...
... When the pH of the medium is increased from 1.0 to 3.0 complete mineralization of both dyes was achieved. This is due to the fact that at pH 3, half of the iron species exist as Fe3+ ions and the other half as complex ion Fe[OH]2+(H2O)5. Both are dominant photo active species that possess highest li ...
QA1
... sulphur and iodine sublimes. (b) Nitrates(III) nitrates(V) except those of potassium, sodium and ammonium give brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide. (c) Many carbonates, all hydrogen carbonates, ethanoates (these also give carbon monoxide). (d) Sulphate(IV) (except those of sodium and potassium), thiosul ...
... sulphur and iodine sublimes. (b) Nitrates(III) nitrates(V) except those of potassium, sodium and ammonium give brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide. (c) Many carbonates, all hydrogen carbonates, ethanoates (these also give carbon monoxide). (d) Sulphate(IV) (except those of sodium and potassium), thiosul ...
Chapter 4
... • Hydrocarbons are organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen • They are the major components of petroleum • Many organic molecules have hydrocarbon components. Fats, for example, have long hydrocarbon tails. This gives them similar properties to petroleum. – Neither dissolves in water ...
... • Hydrocarbons are organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen • They are the major components of petroleum • Many organic molecules have hydrocarbon components. Fats, for example, have long hydrocarbon tails. This gives them similar properties to petroleum. – Neither dissolves in water ...
jeep 2014 - apres midi jeunes chercheurs
... Baylis-Hillman reaction of HMF and analogues in bio-based solvent-water mixtures Jia-Neng TAN, Mohammed AHMAR, Yves QUENEAU ...
... Baylis-Hillman reaction of HMF and analogues in bio-based solvent-water mixtures Jia-Neng TAN, Mohammed AHMAR, Yves QUENEAU ...
Types of Chemical Reactions (rxns.)
... Some steps for doing reactions: 1. Identify the type of reaction 2. Predict the product(s) using the type of reaction as a ...
... Some steps for doing reactions: 1. Identify the type of reaction 2. Predict the product(s) using the type of reaction as a ...
Chemistry 730 - OSU Chemistry
... Same constitution yet different spatial arrangement of atoms (Stereoisomerism). To clarify distinction between stereoisomers - configuration must be specified. Stereoisomers: enantiomers and diastereomers - enantiomers- Stereoisomers that are related by a mirror-image relation (related by having non ...
... Same constitution yet different spatial arrangement of atoms (Stereoisomerism). To clarify distinction between stereoisomers - configuration must be specified. Stereoisomers: enantiomers and diastereomers - enantiomers- Stereoisomers that are related by a mirror-image relation (related by having non ...
Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding
... iii. CoA4B2 only has two isomers. Trigonal Prismatic and Trigonal Antiprimatic should give 3 isomers. Octahedral only has two possible isomers. Thus the structure must be Oh. iv. PtA2B2 only has two isomers. It must be square planar rather than tetrahedral, which would only have 1 isomer. v. ...
... iii. CoA4B2 only has two isomers. Trigonal Prismatic and Trigonal Antiprimatic should give 3 isomers. Octahedral only has two possible isomers. Thus the structure must be Oh. iv. PtA2B2 only has two isomers. It must be square planar rather than tetrahedral, which would only have 1 isomer. v. ...
Split UP Chemistry Class XII - Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Dehu Road
... Aldehydes and Ketones: 11 Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes: uses. ...
... Aldehydes and Ketones: 11 Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes: uses. ...
Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.