RO-SUPPLIED-Class XII Split-up syllabus
... Aldehydes and Ketones: 11 Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes: uses. ...
... Aldehydes and Ketones: 11 Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes: uses. ...
UJDIPa - The Vital Chemist
... If β – large ∆G = large and – Ve, therefore the formation of ML6n+ will be favoring than the M(H2O)6n+ and therefore M(H2O)6n+ is thermodynamically unstable, however, if β = small, ∆G = small and +ve, favouring formation of M(H2O)6n+. This is said to be thermodynamically stable. Note also that a com ...
... If β – large ∆G = large and – Ve, therefore the formation of ML6n+ will be favoring than the M(H2O)6n+ and therefore M(H2O)6n+ is thermodynamically unstable, however, if β = small, ∆G = small and +ve, favouring formation of M(H2O)6n+. This is said to be thermodynamically stable. Note also that a com ...
PowerPoint for Part 1 - Dr. Samples` Chemistry Classes
... and they are more reactive than larger rings. • As cycloalkanes get larger, the rigidity of the ring decreases, the ring strain decreases, and there is more freedom of rotation. • Large cycloalkanes are floppy, and are virtually identical to open-chain molecules. ...
... and they are more reactive than larger rings. • As cycloalkanes get larger, the rigidity of the ring decreases, the ring strain decreases, and there is more freedom of rotation. • Large cycloalkanes are floppy, and are virtually identical to open-chain molecules. ...
A. Acid Halides
... Weak base is better at withdrawing electrons inductively from the carbonyl carbon; rendering the carbonyl carbon extremely electrophilic (more susceptible to nucleophilic attack). The weaker the basicity of the substituent attached to the acyl group, the less the carboxylic acid derivative is stabil ...
... Weak base is better at withdrawing electrons inductively from the carbonyl carbon; rendering the carbonyl carbon extremely electrophilic (more susceptible to nucleophilic attack). The weaker the basicity of the substituent attached to the acyl group, the less the carboxylic acid derivative is stabil ...
TGA with Evolved Gas Analysis
... are urea (for UF resins) or melamine (for MF resins) together with formaldehyde. The latter reacts with amino groups with the formation of methylol groups. In the curing reaction, the amino resin undergoes cross-linking as a result of condensation reactions. The methylol groups react with amino or o ...
... are urea (for UF resins) or melamine (for MF resins) together with formaldehyde. The latter reacts with amino groups with the formation of methylol groups. In the curing reaction, the amino resin undergoes cross-linking as a result of condensation reactions. The methylol groups react with amino or o ...
Classification and purification of Organic
... have boiling points within a narrow range of temperatures. In such cases, simple distillation does not give complete separation and a modified version called fractional distillation is employed. Process Example Fractional Distillation of a Cyclohexane- Toluene mixtures ...
... have boiling points within a narrow range of temperatures. In such cases, simple distillation does not give complete separation and a modified version called fractional distillation is employed. Process Example Fractional Distillation of a Cyclohexane- Toluene mixtures ...
Metal Complexes and Isomerism 197. What is a coordination
... Write the NET equation that shows how solid AgCl can be dissolved by aqueous ammonia to form an ammonia complex. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for this equation. Ksp(AgCl)=1.8×10-10; Kf([Ag(NH3)2]+)=1.7×107 226. The metal cations, Cd+2, Zn+2, Cu+2, Ag+ and Ni+2 form soluble ammonia ...
... Write the NET equation that shows how solid AgCl can be dissolved by aqueous ammonia to form an ammonia complex. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for this equation. Ksp(AgCl)=1.8×10-10; Kf([Ag(NH3)2]+)=1.7×107 226. The metal cations, Cd+2, Zn+2, Cu+2, Ag+ and Ni+2 form soluble ammonia ...
Application of Bioisosteres in Drug Design
... In principle, more lipophilic compounds might be expected to be more promiscuous, that is, lack of selectivity. So more lipophilic compounds are likely to be more toxic. • hERG potencies diminish significantly as logD increases • the risk of a compound causing phospholipidosis increases if logP2 + p ...
... In principle, more lipophilic compounds might be expected to be more promiscuous, that is, lack of selectivity. So more lipophilic compounds are likely to be more toxic. • hERG potencies diminish significantly as logD increases • the risk of a compound causing phospholipidosis increases if logP2 + p ...
Document
... Several derivatives of carboxylic acids, i.e., acid chlorides, esters, and nitriles are more easily reduced than the parent carboxylic acid. These can be reduced to aldehydes with 1 equivalent of a milder reducing agent, which will not further reduce the aldehyde to a 1 alcohol. A suitable, ‘mild’ ...
... Several derivatives of carboxylic acids, i.e., acid chlorides, esters, and nitriles are more easily reduced than the parent carboxylic acid. These can be reduced to aldehydes with 1 equivalent of a milder reducing agent, which will not further reduce the aldehyde to a 1 alcohol. A suitable, ‘mild’ ...
Solvothermal Synthesis of Polyazomethine Microspheres
... S2. Synthesis of 5, 10, 15, 20-Tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine,TAPR 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-nitrophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine was synthesised according to the previously reported procedure[S2] with a little modified. 4-nitrobenzaldehydewas(10.0 g，66mmol) dissolved in 60 mL nitrobenzene, to which ...
... S2. Synthesis of 5, 10, 15, 20-Tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine,TAPR 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-nitrophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine was synthesised according to the previously reported procedure[S2] with a little modified. 4-nitrobenzaldehydewas(10.0 g，66mmol) dissolved in 60 mL nitrobenzene, to which ...
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Aminomethylation of Aldehydes: A
... gave a 72% yield of material with >98% ee. The benzyl groups were removed and replaced by Boc in an efficient one-pot operation. Jones oxidation12 then provided desired β2-amino acid product after simple extraction, with >50% overall yield from A. The route is short, and purifications are simple; th ...
... gave a 72% yield of material with >98% ee. The benzyl groups were removed and replaced by Boc in an efficient one-pot operation. Jones oxidation12 then provided desired β2-amino acid product after simple extraction, with >50% overall yield from A. The route is short, and purifications are simple; th ...
Lecture 1: Key Concepts in Stereoselective Synthesis
... -Catalytic asymmetric addition was achieved by deactivating Grignard reagents through chelation with bis[2(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl]ether (BDMAEE). -In this carbonyl addition reaction, MgBr2 and MgBr(OiPr) are formed. These Lewis acids promote the background reaction to form the racemic product and t ...
... -Catalytic asymmetric addition was achieved by deactivating Grignard reagents through chelation with bis[2(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl]ether (BDMAEE). -In this carbonyl addition reaction, MgBr2 and MgBr(OiPr) are formed. These Lewis acids promote the background reaction to form the racemic product and t ...
Slide 1
... Therefore the ability of a ligand to be a p-acceptor makes the ligand a stronger field ligand. Increased Do prevents the eg level to be filled and the metal valence shell to be “overfilled” and helps it obey 18 electron rule. ...
... Therefore the ability of a ligand to be a p-acceptor makes the ligand a stronger field ligand. Increased Do prevents the eg level to be filled and the metal valence shell to be “overfilled” and helps it obey 18 electron rule. ...
Stability of Coordination Compounds
... Table (next page). Although the absolute rate of exchange will differ for other ligands the values in the table can be used to gauge the relative reactivity of two metal ions or two different oxidation states of the same metal. There are several observations/conclusions that can be made from these d ...
... Table (next page). Although the absolute rate of exchange will differ for other ligands the values in the table can be used to gauge the relative reactivity of two metal ions or two different oxidation states of the same metal. There are several observations/conclusions that can be made from these d ...
24.2 Nomenclature and Coordination Chemistry
... [MLn] i.e., [Ag(NH3)2]+ or [Co(NH3)6] Cl3 [ ] denotes atoms bonded to each other through covalent bonds. These atoms are contained in the coordination sphere. Coordinated atoms are those elements that are directly bonded to each other and are contained in the coordination sphere. Counter ions atoms ...
... [MLn] i.e., [Ag(NH3)2]+ or [Co(NH3)6] Cl3 [ ] denotes atoms bonded to each other through covalent bonds. These atoms are contained in the coordination sphere. Coordinated atoms are those elements that are directly bonded to each other and are contained in the coordination sphere. Counter ions atoms ...
Biomass Program
... soon to follow for the selective production of methanol, mixed alcohols, and isosynthesis ...
... soon to follow for the selective production of methanol, mixed alcohols, and isosynthesis ...
A2 Module 2814: Chains, Rings and Spectroscopy
... A wide range of industrial catalysts consist of transition elements or their compounds. They work through many different mechanisms, of which two will be mentioned here. In the Haber process, Fe2O3 is reduced to finely divided iron metal, and this provides a surface for the nitrogen and hydrogen to ...
... A wide range of industrial catalysts consist of transition elements or their compounds. They work through many different mechanisms, of which two will be mentioned here. In the Haber process, Fe2O3 is reduced to finely divided iron metal, and this provides a surface for the nitrogen and hydrogen to ...
Alkene complexes - Dewar/Chatt/Duncanson model
... Level-3 Organometallics L2c -Elimination Mechanism (2) Absence of free coordination site 18-electron TM complexes do not have a suitable vacant orbital. To generate one, it is necessary to lose one or more ligands. Mechanistic studies show that in general, prior ligand dissociation is a requiremen ...
... Level-3 Organometallics L2c -Elimination Mechanism (2) Absence of free coordination site 18-electron TM complexes do not have a suitable vacant orbital. To generate one, it is necessary to lose one or more ligands. Mechanistic studies show that in general, prior ligand dissociation is a requiremen ...
Biology revision
... • Hydrocarbon – contain hydrogen and carbon atoms only, joined together by chemical bonds • The general formula for alkanes is – CnH2n+2 • Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons alkane ...
... • Hydrocarbon – contain hydrogen and carbon atoms only, joined together by chemical bonds • The general formula for alkanes is – CnH2n+2 • Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons alkane ...
Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.