Organic Chemistry
... Use of Carboxylate Anion Nucleophile to form Esters . 87 Hydrolysis of Acid Halides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Reaction of Acyl Halide with Ammonia or Amine . . . 89 Esterification of Acid Halides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Esterification of Acid Anhydrides . . . . . . ...
... Use of Carboxylate Anion Nucleophile to form Esters . 87 Hydrolysis of Acid Halides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Reaction of Acyl Halide with Ammonia or Amine . . . 89 Esterification of Acid Halides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Esterification of Acid Anhydrides . . . . . . ...
Metallocene Organoactinide Complexes
... of actinide chemistry towards the stoichiometric and catalytic transformations, particularly in comparison to d-transition metal analogs. In many instances the regio- and chemo-selectivities displayed by organoactinides are complementary to those observed for other transition-metal complexes. The re ...
... of actinide chemistry towards the stoichiometric and catalytic transformations, particularly in comparison to d-transition metal analogs. In many instances the regio- and chemo-selectivities displayed by organoactinides are complementary to those observed for other transition-metal complexes. The re ...
Elimination Reactions
... • E1 reactions occur under essentially neutral conditions with polar solvents, such as water, ethyl alcohol or acetic acid. • E1 reactions can also occur with strong bases, but only at low concentration, about 0.01 to 0.1 M or below. • E2 reactions require strong base in high concentration, about 1 ...
... • E1 reactions occur under essentially neutral conditions with polar solvents, such as water, ethyl alcohol or acetic acid. • E1 reactions can also occur with strong bases, but only at low concentration, about 0.01 to 0.1 M or below. • E2 reactions require strong base in high concentration, about 1 ...
Naming Organic Compounds I
... N.B.: A complex substituent is alphabetized under the first letter of its name. Branched alkyl groups On page 40, it was shown that straight-chain alkyl (n-alkyl) groups are formed by removal of a terminal (end) hydrogen atom from straight-chain alkanes. It is also possible to generate a large numbe ...
... N.B.: A complex substituent is alphabetized under the first letter of its name. Branched alkyl groups On page 40, it was shown that straight-chain alkyl (n-alkyl) groups are formed by removal of a terminal (end) hydrogen atom from straight-chain alkanes. It is also possible to generate a large numbe ...
THE FRIEDEL-CRAFTS BENZYLATION OF ARENES AND THE
... generation of stoichiometric metal waste (e.g. aluminum) and the poor reactivity with electron-poor substrates dramatically limit the use of Friedel-Crafts processes. We wanted to address these limitations and developed the Friedel-Crafts benzylation of activated and deactivated arenes. The key to o ...
... generation of stoichiometric metal waste (e.g. aluminum) and the poor reactivity with electron-poor substrates dramatically limit the use of Friedel-Crafts processes. We wanted to address these limitations and developed the Friedel-Crafts benzylation of activated and deactivated arenes. The key to o ...
Synthetic Organic Chemistry - Name
... Grignard reagents are usually prepared by the action of organic halides and magnesium turnings in an ether solvent. This is the well known example of two electron oxidative- addition reaction. R-X ...
... Grignard reagents are usually prepared by the action of organic halides and magnesium turnings in an ether solvent. This is the well known example of two electron oxidative- addition reaction. R-X ...
Reactions of Alkenes
... Limited to Cl2 and Br2 F2 addition proceeds with explosive violence I2 addition is endothermic: vicinal diiodides dissociate to an alkene and I2 ...
... Limited to Cl2 and Br2 F2 addition proceeds with explosive violence I2 addition is endothermic: vicinal diiodides dissociate to an alkene and I2 ...
The Impact of Ligand Design on the Coordination Chemistry and
... Figure 4.2. (a) Structure of fac-ReBr(CO)3[H(LMe)], 1Me (b) Structure of the cation in {fac-Re(CO)3[H(LMe)]}(PF6), 2Me (c) Structure of fac-e(CO)3(LMe),3Me....................87 Figure 4.3.(a) Structure of H(LMe) (b) Structure of fac-ReBr(CO)3[H(LiPr)], 1iPr (c) Structure of cation in {fac-Re(CO)3[H ...
... Figure 4.2. (a) Structure of fac-ReBr(CO)3[H(LMe)], 1Me (b) Structure of the cation in {fac-Re(CO)3[H(LMe)]}(PF6), 2Me (c) Structure of fac-e(CO)3(LMe),3Me....................87 Figure 4.3.(a) Structure of H(LMe) (b) Structure of fac-ReBr(CO)3[H(LiPr)], 1iPr (c) Structure of cation in {fac-Re(CO)3[H ...
[Ru(Triphos)H2(CO)] Characterisation - Durham e
... Phosphines are two-electron a-donor, neutral L-type ligands that are able to act as 71acceptor ligands. The bond formed between the metal and the phosphine from the adonation involves the overlap of orbitals that are located directly between them, with two electrons formally donated by the phosphine ...
... Phosphines are two-electron a-donor, neutral L-type ligands that are able to act as 71acceptor ligands. The bond formed between the metal and the phosphine from the adonation involves the overlap of orbitals that are located directly between them, with two electrons formally donated by the phosphine ...
SUPPORTED LIGANDS FOR METAL CATALYZED REACTIONS Rocío Marcos Escartín ISBN:
... binding should be stronger than Lewis acid-product binding (in order to avoid product inhibition of the reaction).[2] The way in which Lewis acids act in the chemical processes can be summarized in three stages (Figure 1): First, the Lewis acid coordinates the substrate, resulting in a decrease of i ...
... binding should be stronger than Lewis acid-product binding (in order to avoid product inhibition of the reaction).[2] The way in which Lewis acids act in the chemical processes can be summarized in three stages (Figure 1): First, the Lewis acid coordinates the substrate, resulting in a decrease of i ...
Full-Text PDF
... directly to III here turns out to be favored, defining an energy barrier 2.6 kcal/mol lower than the upper barrier of the dissociative mechanism that corresponds to the transition state I-II. Once the labile ligand is released and as the entering olefin is bonded to the metal, the still relatively u ...
... directly to III here turns out to be favored, defining an energy barrier 2.6 kcal/mol lower than the upper barrier of the dissociative mechanism that corresponds to the transition state I-II. Once the labile ligand is released and as the entering olefin is bonded to the metal, the still relatively u ...
On The catalytic Hydrogenation of Co2 and Carboxylic acid esters
... hydrogenation of CO2 and dehydrogenation of FA, these systems have three major drawbacks. Firstly, these catalysts contain polydentate phosphine ligands, that can greatly contribute to the catalyst price. Taken together with a non-trivial handling of phosphine complexes, this diminishes the benefits ...
... hydrogenation of CO2 and dehydrogenation of FA, these systems have three major drawbacks. Firstly, these catalysts contain polydentate phosphine ligands, that can greatly contribute to the catalyst price. Taken together with a non-trivial handling of phosphine complexes, this diminishes the benefits ...
Chapter 4 Alcohols and Alkyl Halides
... chemical principles. Generally most chemists will agree on a mechanism and it is critical in the study of organic chemistry to learn the proper mechanism and to keep track of how the electrons are moving in a given reaction by means of the curved arrow formalism. Step One: The SN1 mechanism under co ...
... chemical principles. Generally most chemists will agree on a mechanism and it is critical in the study of organic chemistry to learn the proper mechanism and to keep track of how the electrons are moving in a given reaction by means of the curved arrow formalism. Step One: The SN1 mechanism under co ...
Lithium Iodide Original Commentary - Groupe Charette
... β-haloamine derivatives was conducted using lithium halides (LiI, as well as lithium chloride or lithium bromide) and β-cyclodextrin in water (eq 7).23 N-Arylsulfonylaziridines react with isocyanates in the presence of LiI to form imidazolidinones.24 Aziridines are converted to oxazolidinones upon t ...
... β-haloamine derivatives was conducted using lithium halides (LiI, as well as lithium chloride or lithium bromide) and β-cyclodextrin in water (eq 7).23 N-Arylsulfonylaziridines react with isocyanates in the presence of LiI to form imidazolidinones.24 Aziridines are converted to oxazolidinones upon t ...
THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOSPHONIUM INDENYLIDE COMPLEXES OF RUTHENIUM(II)
... Phosphonium indenylides (PHIN) are a promising, yet relatively unexplored class of transition metal ligands. The ylidic resonance structure b of this compound is isoelectronic with the cyclopentadienyl ligand which is ubiquitous throughout organometallic chemistry. Phosphonium indenylides have been ...
... Phosphonium indenylides (PHIN) are a promising, yet relatively unexplored class of transition metal ligands. The ylidic resonance structure b of this compound is isoelectronic with the cyclopentadienyl ligand which is ubiquitous throughout organometallic chemistry. Phosphonium indenylides have been ...
Elimination Reactions
... • tertiary substrates go by E1 in polar solvents, with little or no base present! • typical polar solvents are water, ethanol, ...
... • tertiary substrates go by E1 in polar solvents, with little or no base present! • typical polar solvents are water, ethanol, ...
Diastereoselective Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds and Imines:
... through the conformation where destabilizing gauche interactions are minimized. In contrast, for Mg, Ti, B, and In allylic derivatives, a cyclic six-membered Zimmerman−Traxler7 type transition state is usually invoked. In the cyclic model, it is generally proposed that aldehydes locate the H (R2 = H ...
... through the conformation where destabilizing gauche interactions are minimized. In contrast, for Mg, Ti, B, and In allylic derivatives, a cyclic six-membered Zimmerman−Traxler7 type transition state is usually invoked. In the cyclic model, it is generally proposed that aldehydes locate the H (R2 = H ...
Hypervalent Iodine Reagents in High Valent Transition Metal
... Over the last 20 years, high valent metal complexes have transitioned from mere curiosities to being at the forefront of modern catalytic method development. This approach has enabled transformations complimentary to those possible via traditional manifolds, most prominently carbon-heteroatom bond f ...
... Over the last 20 years, high valent metal complexes have transitioned from mere curiosities to being at the forefront of modern catalytic method development. This approach has enabled transformations complimentary to those possible via traditional manifolds, most prominently carbon-heteroatom bond f ...
Document
... • With base, the nucleophile is ¯OH, and the mechanism follows the usual two steps: nucleophilic attack followed by protonation. • The reaction rate increases in the presence of base because the base converts H2O into ¯OH, a stronger ...
... • With base, the nucleophile is ¯OH, and the mechanism follows the usual two steps: nucleophilic attack followed by protonation. • The reaction rate increases in the presence of base because the base converts H2O into ¯OH, a stronger ...
New Stereoselective Approaches to Highly Substituted
... Research by Kazmaier, Grandel and Nuber showed that deprotonation of the JV-protected ester o f various amino acids 36 using LDA followed by addition o f a metal salt resulted in the formation of probably a chelated metal enolate 37 (Figure 1.14). Subsequent aldol reactions involving this enolate 37 ...
... Research by Kazmaier, Grandel and Nuber showed that deprotonation of the JV-protected ester o f various amino acids 36 using LDA followed by addition o f a metal salt resulted in the formation of probably a chelated metal enolate 37 (Figure 1.14). Subsequent aldol reactions involving this enolate 37 ...
4134gdisk doc..4134gdisk chapter .. Page501
... kinetics of the slow release of NO in the reduction of R,S,S-trans-[RuCl(NO)(cyclam)]2+ suggest that this complex may have potential as a low-release vasodilator.85 The oxidation of cis- and trans-[OsIII(terpy)Cl2(NH3)](PF6) gives [OsVI(terpy)Cl2(N)]+, and oxidation of [Os(terpy)(bpy)(NH3)](PF6)2 gi ...
... kinetics of the slow release of NO in the reduction of R,S,S-trans-[RuCl(NO)(cyclam)]2+ suggest that this complex may have potential as a low-release vasodilator.85 The oxidation of cis- and trans-[OsIII(terpy)Cl2(NH3)](PF6) gives [OsVI(terpy)Cl2(N)]+, and oxidation of [Os(terpy)(bpy)(NH3)](PF6)2 gi ...
View/Open
... (b) N-Ethyl-N-methylbutanamide (c) 2,4-Dimethylpentanoyl chloride (d) Methyl 1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate (e) Ethyl 3-oxopentanoate (f) Methyl p-bromobenzenethioate (g) Formic propanoic anhydride (h) cis-2-Methylcyclopentanecarbonyl bromide ...
... (b) N-Ethyl-N-methylbutanamide (c) 2,4-Dimethylpentanoyl chloride (d) Methyl 1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate (e) Ethyl 3-oxopentanoate (f) Methyl p-bromobenzenethioate (g) Formic propanoic anhydride (h) cis-2-Methylcyclopentanecarbonyl bromide ...
Transformation of Carbon Dioxide
... studied complexes for this purpose are tin alkoxides. The formation of a methyl carbonato complex through a reaction of tin methoxide with CO2 was reported in 1967.48,49 The formation of DMC upon thermolysis of methyl (carbonato) tin was first reported in 1975, but the yield was very low; only 10% b ...
... studied complexes for this purpose are tin alkoxides. The formation of a methyl carbonato complex through a reaction of tin methoxide with CO2 was reported in 1967.48,49 The formation of DMC upon thermolysis of methyl (carbonato) tin was first reported in 1975, but the yield was very low; only 10% b ...
(III) ion and a cobalt (II) - Iowa State University Digital Repository
... of the lower figure (240 nm) were collected in 1 second and the second fifty collected in 119 seconds. The family of traces results from stopped-flow experiments performed on the same solution at various times over a 2 hr period (t = 0 hr (A), t = 2 hr (B)) ...
... of the lower figure (240 nm) were collected in 1 second and the second fifty collected in 119 seconds. The family of traces results from stopped-flow experiments performed on the same solution at various times over a 2 hr period (t = 0 hr (A), t = 2 hr (B)) ...
Sect 5 NMR Trends
... Hydrogen is becoming more acidic. More acidic More acidic = better able to form hydrogen bonds. means more Shifts further downfield (higher ppm). d+ on H [H3O+] + [-OH] ...
... Hydrogen is becoming more acidic. More acidic More acidic = better able to form hydrogen bonds. means more Shifts further downfield (higher ppm). d+ on H [H3O+] + [-OH] ...
Stille reaction
The Stille reaction, or the Migita-Kosugi-Stille coupling, is a chemical reaction widely used in organic synthesis which involves the coupling of an organotin compound (also known as organostannanes) with a variety of organic electrophiles via palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction.The R1 group attached to the trialkyltin is normally sp2-hybridized, including alkenes, and aryl groups; however, conditions have been devised to incorporate both sp3-hybridized groups, such as allylic and benzylic substituents, and sp-hybridized alkynes. These organostannanes are also stable to both air and moisture, and many of these reagents are either commercially available or can be synthesized from literature precedent. However, these tin reagents tend to be highly toxic. X is typically a halide, such as Cl, Br, I, yet pseudohalides such as triflates and sulfonates and phosphates can also be used.The groundwork for the Stille reaction was laid by Colin Eaborn, Toshihiko Migita, and Masanori Kosugi in 1976 and 1977, who explored numerous palladium catalyzed couplings involving organotin reagents. John Stille and David Milstein developed a much milder and more broadly applicable procedure in 1978. Stille’s work on this area might have earned him a share of the 2010 Nobel Prize, which was awarded to Richard Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, and Akira Suzuki for their work on the Heck, Negishi, and Suzuki coupling reactions. However, Stille died in the plane crash of United Airlines Flight 232 in 1989.Several reviews have been published on the Stille reaction.