Plague FAQ document - National Institute for Communicable Diseases
... absence of rodent infection in an area usually infested. Under these circumstances, rodent fleas are more likely to bite and infect other animals or humans, as their natural hosts have died. ...
... absence of rodent infection in an area usually infested. Under these circumstances, rodent fleas are more likely to bite and infect other animals or humans, as their natural hosts have died. ...
What Are Viruses? - Union City High School
... Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. Do viruses reproduce? This is tricky because vi ...
... Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. Do viruses reproduce? This is tricky because vi ...
Risk factors for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection
... it is known that transmission takes place during prolonged close contacts among infected cats shedding the virus and susceptible cats9. The increasing awareness about FeLV infection leading to the adoption of preventive measures and the confinement of cats observed in many groups included in this st ...
... it is known that transmission takes place during prolonged close contacts among infected cats shedding the virus and susceptible cats9. The increasing awareness about FeLV infection leading to the adoption of preventive measures and the confinement of cats observed in many groups included in this st ...
In vivo correlates of infectious salmon anemia virus pathogenesis in
... parr (St John River stock) were obtained either from the Cardigan Fish Hatchery, Cardigan, PEI, Canada, or from Atlantic Sea Smolt Ltd, Souris, PEI, Canada. Rainbow trout were obtained from the Dover Fish Hatchery Ltd, Murray River, PEI, Canada. Coho salmon were from Aqua Health Ltd’s quarantine fac ...
... parr (St John River stock) were obtained either from the Cardigan Fish Hatchery, Cardigan, PEI, Canada, or from Atlantic Sea Smolt Ltd, Souris, PEI, Canada. Rainbow trout were obtained from the Dover Fish Hatchery Ltd, Murray River, PEI, Canada. Coho salmon were from Aqua Health Ltd’s quarantine fac ...
PDF
... demonstrates the ability of this virus to cause disease outside of the respiratory tract. The ocular surface represents both a potential site of virus replication and a portal of entry for establishment of a respiratory infection. However, the properties which govern ocular tropism of influenza viru ...
... demonstrates the ability of this virus to cause disease outside of the respiratory tract. The ocular surface represents both a potential site of virus replication and a portal of entry for establishment of a respiratory infection. However, the properties which govern ocular tropism of influenza viru ...
Reportable Diseases in Peterborough County
... reportable diseases are entered into iPHIS. However, specific case definitions as defined in the Ontario Public Health Standards (OPHS) Infectious Diseases Protocol have to be met before a disease is considered confirmed. Cases are usually confirmed based on laboratory test results (serology, micro ...
... reportable diseases are entered into iPHIS. However, specific case definitions as defined in the Ontario Public Health Standards (OPHS) Infectious Diseases Protocol have to be met before a disease is considered confirmed. Cases are usually confirmed based on laboratory test results (serology, micro ...
Dengue Patients with Early Hemorrhagic Manifestations Lose
... inhibition of inflammatory responses, antigen presentation, and phagocytosis. In some cases, IL-10 may play a role in DENV pathogenesis, reflecting an immunosuppressive function, followed by impaired immune clearance and a persistent infectious effect for acute viral infection.22 Most of these studi ...
... inhibition of inflammatory responses, antigen presentation, and phagocytosis. In some cases, IL-10 may play a role in DENV pathogenesis, reflecting an immunosuppressive function, followed by impaired immune clearance and a persistent infectious effect for acute viral infection.22 Most of these studi ...
Infectious Disease Outbreaks in Nursing Homes: An Unappreciated
... vulnerable residents. Prolonged lengths of stay, limited capacities for diagnosis, and ineffectual infection-control programs ...
... vulnerable residents. Prolonged lengths of stay, limited capacities for diagnosis, and ineffectual infection-control programs ...
Induction of protective immunity in chickens vaccinated with
... in chickens immunized with rAcKMS1 after the third immunization (P ! 0±05), and significantly higher than that of wAcNPV-immunized control after challenge (P ! 0±005 ; Table 2, Experiment 1, groups 1 and 3). The titres induced by inactivated KM91 after the second and third immunizations were signifi ...
... in chickens immunized with rAcKMS1 after the third immunization (P ! 0±05), and significantly higher than that of wAcNPV-immunized control after challenge (P ! 0±005 ; Table 2, Experiment 1, groups 1 and 3). The titres induced by inactivated KM91 after the second and third immunizations were signifi ...
... an overpack with one or more complete packages marked in accordance with regulatory requirements. Interior supports shall be provided to secure secondary packaging(s) or packages in position after the ice or dry ice has dissipated. If ice is used, the outer packaging or overpack shall be leakproof. ...
Introduction and Review of literature
... water in wells and transport to the people through a distribution network. The water that was used was carried away through sewers, along with the rainwater. When valleys were reached, the water was led through hills under pressure. The Greeks were among the first to gain an interest in water quali ...
... water in wells and transport to the people through a distribution network. The water that was used was carried away through sewers, along with the rainwater. When valleys were reached, the water was led through hills under pressure. The Greeks were among the first to gain an interest in water quali ...
Avian and swine influenza viruses
... efficiently from person to person. In 1976, the Americans started a national emergency vaccination campaign to prevent a dreaded human pandemic due to a swinelike H1N1 influenza virus. But the vaccination campaign was rapidly halted because of safety issues and it turned out to be unnecessary. Until s ...
... efficiently from person to person. In 1976, the Americans started a national emergency vaccination campaign to prevent a dreaded human pandemic due to a swinelike H1N1 influenza virus. But the vaccination campaign was rapidly halted because of safety issues and it turned out to be unnecessary. Until s ...
Document
... During the June-to-November transmission season, ECDC monitors the situation in EU Member States and neighbouring countries in order to inform the blood safety authorities of areas affected by West Nile fever and changes in the epidemiology of the disease. ÎUpdate of the week This week, ten cases ha ...
... During the June-to-November transmission season, ECDC monitors the situation in EU Member States and neighbouring countries in order to inform the blood safety authorities of areas affected by West Nile fever and changes in the epidemiology of the disease. ÎUpdate of the week This week, ten cases ha ...
Recommendations for breastfeeding during maternal infections
... When the mother has not been tested for HBsAg or if this information is not available, the test should be requested immediately after delivery. While the test result is not available, the newborn should receive the first dose of the vaccine. If the test yields a positive result, immunoglobulin shoul ...
... When the mother has not been tested for HBsAg or if this information is not available, the test should be requested immediately after delivery. While the test result is not available, the newborn should receive the first dose of the vaccine. If the test yields a positive result, immunoglobulin shoul ...
HCV transmission in industrialized countries and resource
... Increases in the number of medical injections and blood transfusions after the second World War drove the expansion of the HCV genotype 1b epidemic, preceding the expansion of HCV genotype 1a among injecting drug users by 16 years.10 Historically, outbreaks of hepatitis C were first documented among ...
... Increases in the number of medical injections and blood transfusions after the second World War drove the expansion of the HCV genotype 1b epidemic, preceding the expansion of HCV genotype 1a among injecting drug users by 16 years.10 Historically, outbreaks of hepatitis C were first documented among ...
Prevalences of Feline Coronavirus (FCoV), Feline Leukaemia Virus
... than 6 months and older than 48 months compared to the other groups. As 60.3% (47/78) FPV positive cats exhibited clinical symptoms such as high fever, diarrhoea, vomiting, depression, anorexia and dehydration, suggesting especially both gastroenteritis and myocarditis, it was stated that blood samp ...
... than 6 months and older than 48 months compared to the other groups. As 60.3% (47/78) FPV positive cats exhibited clinical symptoms such as high fever, diarrhoea, vomiting, depression, anorexia and dehydration, suggesting especially both gastroenteritis and myocarditis, it was stated that blood samp ...
4 ijmsci - Valley International Journals
... was coined by Bateman1 as early as nineteenth century. These bodies were later named as Henderson Paterson Bodies. 2 It is a large doublestranded DNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm of host epithelial cells. The typical sites ...
... was coined by Bateman1 as early as nineteenth century. These bodies were later named as Henderson Paterson Bodies. 2 It is a large doublestranded DNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm of host epithelial cells. The typical sites ...
Varicella - Government of Nova Scotia
... salicylates, including ASA and aspirin, should NOT be used in the management of varicella symptoms because of the risk of Reye’s syndrome, which is a severe illness that can damage the liver and brain. Advise on the use of acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever and discomfort. • Discuss how transmiss ...
... salicylates, including ASA and aspirin, should NOT be used in the management of varicella symptoms because of the risk of Reye’s syndrome, which is a severe illness that can damage the liver and brain. Advise on the use of acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever and discomfort. • Discuss how transmiss ...
Clinical signs and pathologic lesions of highly pathogenic avian
... upper respiratory infections to loss of egg production to rapidly fatal systemic disease (Easterday et al., 1997). Some infected birds show symptoms of avian influenza, while others do not. The types of presenting clinical signs depend on the species and age of the poultry, the strain of AI virus, a ...
... upper respiratory infections to loss of egg production to rapidly fatal systemic disease (Easterday et al., 1997). Some infected birds show symptoms of avian influenza, while others do not. The types of presenting clinical signs depend on the species and age of the poultry, the strain of AI virus, a ...
Newsletter March 2014
... Peruvian Amazon” shows some people living in two communities in Peru survived being exposed to rabies virus without receiving treatment. After nearly twenty years of outbreaks of rabies from the resident vampire bat population, 11% of those in the study tested positive for rabies neutralizing antibo ...
... Peruvian Amazon” shows some people living in two communities in Peru survived being exposed to rabies virus without receiving treatment. After nearly twenty years of outbreaks of rabies from the resident vampire bat population, 11% of those in the study tested positive for rabies neutralizing antibo ...
Amplification of Citrus Tristeza Virus from a cDNA Clone and
... We previously developed an infectious cDNA clone from which in vitro-produced RNA transcripts could infect protoplasts (Satyanarayana et al., 1999, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 7433–7438). However, neither the RNA transcripts nor virions from transcript-infected protoplasts were competent for infe ...
... We previously developed an infectious cDNA clone from which in vitro-produced RNA transcripts could infect protoplasts (Satyanarayana et al., 1999, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 7433–7438). However, neither the RNA transcripts nor virions from transcript-infected protoplasts were competent for infe ...
New Transfusions Transplantation Infections Rabies
... complex, and naphthol fast-red substrate, sections were counterstained in Meyer’s hematoxylin and mounted with the use of aqueous mounting medium. Serologic analyses, detection of viral antigen in tissue by means of fluorescence microscopy, and identification of rabies virus variants were performed ...
... complex, and naphthol fast-red substrate, sections were counterstained in Meyer’s hematoxylin and mounted with the use of aqueous mounting medium. Serologic analyses, detection of viral antigen in tissue by means of fluorescence microscopy, and identification of rabies virus variants were performed ...
Canine Respiratory Disease Complex
... • However, Canine Bordetella is zoonotic (very few human cases). Bordetella bacteria are usually transmitted to humans through the air. The virus is an airborne pathogen, which means it can spread from dog to dog through the air. ...
... • However, Canine Bordetella is zoonotic (very few human cases). Bordetella bacteria are usually transmitted to humans through the air. The virus is an airborne pathogen, which means it can spread from dog to dog through the air. ...
Detection on four continents of dengue fever
... coast. Common models of dengue epidemiology suggest that clinically diagnosed cases of classic dengue represent the tip of an iceberg, with actual case numbers being much higher [14]. On 1 April 2013 local health authorities in Luanda reported six cases of dengue fever acquired in the city [15]. The ...
... coast. Common models of dengue epidemiology suggest that clinically diagnosed cases of classic dengue represent the tip of an iceberg, with actual case numbers being much higher [14]. On 1 April 2013 local health authorities in Luanda reported six cases of dengue fever acquired in the city [15]. The ...
A review of experimental infections with bluetongue virus in the
... (Ovis canadensis) of the North American continent may develop severe clinical disease (Hoff, 1976). The white-tailed deer (WTD) has been studied the most closely in terms of the effect of BTV on wild ruminants. Experimental infections in WTD in the USA in 1968 were conducted with either blood or fil ...
... (Ovis canadensis) of the North American continent may develop severe clinical disease (Hoff, 1976). The white-tailed deer (WTD) has been studied the most closely in terms of the effect of BTV on wild ruminants. Experimental infections in WTD in the USA in 1968 were conducted with either blood or fil ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}