Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 subtypes: Could genetic diversity
... Classification of the viral strains into different subtypes is helpful to understand their differential geographical distribution. This also helps monitor the rapidity of viral spread in a community and the magnitude of genetic diversity generated within the population as a factor of time. More impo ...
... Classification of the viral strains into different subtypes is helpful to understand their differential geographical distribution. This also helps monitor the rapidity of viral spread in a community and the magnitude of genetic diversity generated within the population as a factor of time. More impo ...
Rapid risk assessment: Zika virus
... the Americas, and awareness increases on the part of Ontario physicians, we expect the number of travel and non-travel related cases identified in Ontario to increase. ...
... the Americas, and awareness increases on the part of Ontario physicians, we expect the number of travel and non-travel related cases identified in Ontario to increase. ...
Shingles - Region of Waterloo Public Health
... Shingles is a painful rash that develops on one side of the face or body. The rash forms blisters that typically scab over in seven to ten days and clear up within two to four weeks. Before the rash develops, people often have pain, itching, or tingling in the area where the rash will develop. This ...
... Shingles is a painful rash that develops on one side of the face or body. The rash forms blisters that typically scab over in seven to ten days and clear up within two to four weeks. Before the rash develops, people often have pain, itching, or tingling in the area where the rash will develop. This ...
Influenza: Virus and Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics (Steinhoff)
... − Planning for vaccine strategies, vaccine supply − Attention of media, governments, markets − May break the vicious cycle of neglect, followed by no ...
... − Planning for vaccine strategies, vaccine supply − Attention of media, governments, markets − May break the vicious cycle of neglect, followed by no ...
Communicable Disease Control Manual For Schools and Childcare
... referred to the CCDC who will arrange for the assessment of the individual situation and give the appropriate advice. The same guidelines apply to school staff. School meals staff are required to comply with the Food Safety legislation enforced by the Local Authority. Formal exclusion of pupils from ...
... referred to the CCDC who will arrange for the assessment of the individual situation and give the appropriate advice. The same guidelines apply to school staff. School meals staff are required to comply with the Food Safety legislation enforced by the Local Authority. Formal exclusion of pupils from ...
Hendra Virus - SoNG - Department of Health
... Transmission between horses has mainly occurred in situations of close contact and has been more efficient in stabled situations, with spread between multiple horses occurring in two events in stables (Hendra 1994 and Redlands 2008) and one event on a property with multiple small paddocks (Cawarral ...
... Transmission between horses has mainly occurred in situations of close contact and has been more efficient in stabled situations, with spread between multiple horses occurring in two events in stables (Hendra 1994 and Redlands 2008) and one event on a property with multiple small paddocks (Cawarral ...
H1N1 - Sonoco
... Most people who get influenza recover completely on their own, with no treatment. Sometimes overthe-counter medicines, such as paracetamol / acetominophen, are useful to help relieve symptoms such as fever and headache. It is important to make sure that sick people - especially children drink enough ...
... Most people who get influenza recover completely on their own, with no treatment. Sometimes overthe-counter medicines, such as paracetamol / acetominophen, are useful to help relieve symptoms such as fever and headache. It is important to make sure that sick people - especially children drink enough ...
Communicable Disease Guide - Illinois Department of Public Health
... CMV is ubiquitous and asymptomatic infections are the most common. The few who develop symptoms usually have a mononucleosis-like illness with fever, swollen lymph nodes and sore throat. The most severe infections occur in developing fetuses when a previously uninfected pregnant woman is exposed to ...
... CMV is ubiquitous and asymptomatic infections are the most common. The few who develop symptoms usually have a mononucleosis-like illness with fever, swollen lymph nodes and sore throat. The most severe infections occur in developing fetuses when a previously uninfected pregnant woman is exposed to ...
Infection Control Guidelines
... fluids. Disposable gloves and aprons must be worn if contact with blood or body fluids is anticipated. These should be discarded as soon as the task for which they were worn is completed. Gloves may become ineffective if worn for too long, or can become a source of cross contamination. Following rem ...
... fluids. Disposable gloves and aprons must be worn if contact with blood or body fluids is anticipated. These should be discarded as soon as the task for which they were worn is completed. Gloves may become ineffective if worn for too long, or can become a source of cross contamination. Following rem ...
Rift Valley Fever A Resurgent Threat Case Studies from Sudan and
... witnessing two RVF outbreaks in Saudi Arabia and Sudan prompted my interest in this study. My review and analysis confirms the expanded geographical range of RVF disease from its historic area of sub-Saharan Africa to West and North of Africa as well as the Arab Peninsula. There is concern that the ...
... witnessing two RVF outbreaks in Saudi Arabia and Sudan prompted my interest in this study. My review and analysis confirms the expanded geographical range of RVF disease from its historic area of sub-Saharan Africa to West and North of Africa as well as the Arab Peninsula. There is concern that the ...
Isolation and full-genome sequencing of Seneca Valley virus in
... epidemic transient neonatal losses (ETNL). The first case of SVV infection was reported in Guangdong, South China in 2015. Results: We isolated and characterized an SVV HB-CH-2016 strain from vesicular lesion tissue specimens from piglets with PIVD in Hubei, Central China. The complete genome sequen ...
... epidemic transient neonatal losses (ETNL). The first case of SVV infection was reported in Guangdong, South China in 2015. Results: We isolated and characterized an SVV HB-CH-2016 strain from vesicular lesion tissue specimens from piglets with PIVD in Hubei, Central China. The complete genome sequen ...
Hepatitis A outbreak among men who have sex
... and none reported MSM contact. On 19 September 2016 (week 38), the outbreak investigation was triggered by the notification of two male cases of hepatitis A, in their 30s and 40s, who fell ill in mid-September. Both cases reported having had MSM contact during the EuroPride. The EuroPride, which too ...
... and none reported MSM contact. On 19 September 2016 (week 38), the outbreak investigation was triggered by the notification of two male cases of hepatitis A, in their 30s and 40s, who fell ill in mid-September. Both cases reported having had MSM contact during the EuroPride. The EuroPride, which too ...
PC 212 Final Report 2004
... September and 16 October may reflect spread that had already occurred before controls were put in place, the level of viroid being at undetectable levels on the first date. The pattern of disease spread, with isolated plants affected up to 15 m distant from the symptomatic plant, suggest that the vi ...
... September and 16 October may reflect spread that had already occurred before controls were put in place, the level of viroid being at undetectable levels on the first date. The pattern of disease spread, with isolated plants affected up to 15 m distant from the symptomatic plant, suggest that the vi ...
Managing meningitis
... people breathe them in or touch surfaces or objects on which the drops have settled. The infections most often spread between people who are in close contact, such as those who live together or people who are exposed by kissing or sharing eating utensils. It is not uncommon to see outbreaks of menin ...
... people breathe them in or touch surfaces or objects on which the drops have settled. The infections most often spread between people who are in close contact, such as those who live together or people who are exposed by kissing or sharing eating utensils. It is not uncommon to see outbreaks of menin ...
~ IMPACT OF DENGUE/DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER ON THE
... types cocirculate in the same city, with periodic epidemics being caused by different viruses. Humans are infected with dengue viruses by the bite of an infective Aedes mosquito (6). Aedes aegypti, the principal urban vector, is a small, black and white, highly domesticated, tropical mosquito that p ...
... types cocirculate in the same city, with periodic epidemics being caused by different viruses. Humans are infected with dengue viruses by the bite of an infective Aedes mosquito (6). Aedes aegypti, the principal urban vector, is a small, black and white, highly domesticated, tropical mosquito that p ...
Document
... streptavidin (top). Identity of translation products was confirmed by western blot analysis with rabbit anti-CD3 (middle) or antiCD3 (bottom) antisera. Note that the anti-CD3 antisera weakly cross-reacts with CD3. Migration of translation products was consistent with their predicted molecular weight ...
... streptavidin (top). Identity of translation products was confirmed by western blot analysis with rabbit anti-CD3 (middle) or antiCD3 (bottom) antisera. Note that the anti-CD3 antisera weakly cross-reacts with CD3. Migration of translation products was consistent with their predicted molecular weight ...
trypsin-induced hemagglutination assay for the detection of
... (IBV) in allantoic fluid (AF) of embryonated eggs. The test was used in 20 samples, each collected from 5 different layer farms suspected for IBV. Allantoic fluid from inoculated embryos was harvested and treated with reagent grade trypsin at the percentages of 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 for 30 minutes ...
... (IBV) in allantoic fluid (AF) of embryonated eggs. The test was used in 20 samples, each collected from 5 different layer farms suspected for IBV. Allantoic fluid from inoculated embryos was harvested and treated with reagent grade trypsin at the percentages of 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 for 30 minutes ...
Wild and Domestic Pig Interactions at the Wildlife–Livestock
... During the last few decades, a better understanding of how wildlife–livestock interactions potentially contribute to infectious disease emergence has led to an increase of interest on this topic (1). The opportunities for such interactions to occur have escalated due to the expansion of human popula ...
... During the last few decades, a better understanding of how wildlife–livestock interactions potentially contribute to infectious disease emergence has led to an increase of interest on this topic (1). The opportunities for such interactions to occur have escalated due to the expansion of human popula ...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
... transmission. Diseases such as West Nile fever and Rift Valley fever that have spread to new geographical areas require a vector as part of the transmission cycle. Still others (Neisseria meningitidis W135, and the Ebola, Marburg, and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fevers) have strong geographical foci. ...
... transmission. Diseases such as West Nile fever and Rift Valley fever that have spread to new geographical areas require a vector as part of the transmission cycle. Still others (Neisseria meningitidis W135, and the Ebola, Marburg, and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fevers) have strong geographical foci. ...
Chickenpox (Varicella) What is it? Chickenpox (varicella) is a
... convulsions, pneumonia, or inflammation of the brain, and require hospitalization. When adults get it, however, they can be very sick. Chickenpox can be very dangerous for people with immune system problems, newborns, seniors, and pregnant women. When do the symptoms start? The symptoms usually start ...
... convulsions, pneumonia, or inflammation of the brain, and require hospitalization. When adults get it, however, they can be very sick. Chickenpox can be very dangerous for people with immune system problems, newborns, seniors, and pregnant women. When do the symptoms start? The symptoms usually start ...
management of outbreaks of gastroenteritis
... There are many causes of gastroenteritis (see Appendix 7.1 – Common Causes of Gastrointestinal Illness). The commonest causes are infectious organisms such as certain bacteria, viruses and parasites. In general, people acquire gastrointestinal illness by direct person to person transmission, airborn ...
... There are many causes of gastroenteritis (see Appendix 7.1 – Common Causes of Gastrointestinal Illness). The commonest causes are infectious organisms such as certain bacteria, viruses and parasites. In general, people acquire gastrointestinal illness by direct person to person transmission, airborn ...
African horse sickness virus dynamics and host by Camilla Theresa Weyer
... vascular injury that can result in four forms of disease; the pulmonary, cardiac, mixed or horse sickness fever forms (Guthrie & Quan 2009). It is an OIE-listed disease as it causes high mortality rates and has the potential for rapid spread (Quan, Lourens, MacLachlan, Gardner & Guthrie 2010). Afric ...
... vascular injury that can result in four forms of disease; the pulmonary, cardiac, mixed or horse sickness fever forms (Guthrie & Quan 2009). It is an OIE-listed disease as it causes high mortality rates and has the potential for rapid spread (Quan, Lourens, MacLachlan, Gardner & Guthrie 2010). Afric ...
Cleaning and Disinfection Protocol
... This document has been developed in accordance with current applicable infection control and regulatory guidelines. It is intended for use as a guideline only. At no time should this document replace existing documents established by the facility unless written permission has been obtained from ...
... This document has been developed in accordance with current applicable infection control and regulatory guidelines. It is intended for use as a guideline only. At no time should this document replace existing documents established by the facility unless written permission has been obtained from ...
FeLV - National Veterinary Laboratory
... early stage, FeLV spreads to the bone marrow where it replicates to high titers in all nucleated myeloid and erythroid cells. The virus spreads throughout the cat's body in infected leukocytes and platelets released from the infected bone marrow, or as whole virus in the plasma (105 infectious FeLV ...
... early stage, FeLV spreads to the bone marrow where it replicates to high titers in all nucleated myeloid and erythroid cells. The virus spreads throughout the cat's body in infected leukocytes and platelets released from the infected bone marrow, or as whole virus in the plasma (105 infectious FeLV ...
Evidence for emergence of an amphibian iridoviral disease because
... tigrinum) die-offs throughout western North America. To explain phylogeographical relationships and potential causes for emergence of western North American salamander iridovirus strains, we sequenced major capsid protein and DNA methyltransferase genes, as well as two noncoding regions from 18 geog ...
... tigrinum) die-offs throughout western North America. To explain phylogeographical relationships and potential causes for emergence of western North American salamander iridovirus strains, we sequenced major capsid protein and DNA methyltransferase genes, as well as two noncoding regions from 18 geog ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}