West Nile Virus (WNV) Infection - Health Protection Surveillance
... history but having a high index of suspicion of those with a history of recent travel to North America and to request diagnostic testing accordingly. Non-mosquitoborne WNV Transmission In addition to mosquitoborne spread of WNV, a number of other routes of transmission have been identified. In 2002, ...
... history but having a high index of suspicion of those with a history of recent travel to North America and to request diagnostic testing accordingly. Non-mosquitoborne WNV Transmission In addition to mosquitoborne spread of WNV, a number of other routes of transmission have been identified. In 2002, ...
Lack of Evidence of Measles Virus Shedding in People with
... contacts were invited to participate in the study. Written consent was obtained from participants, and the protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We collected demographic information; previous history of measles, rubella, or c ...
... contacts were invited to participate in the study. Written consent was obtained from participants, and the protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We collected demographic information; previous history of measles, rubella, or c ...
- International Journal of Infectious Diseases
... tattoo parlors have been reported from the UK and Singapore.j3-35 A high prevalence of HBV infection among aborigines who also have a high prevalence of tattoos has been recognized in different parts of the world, such as Australia and BraziLbo,“’ but not in India.62 Tattooing was suggested to be an ...
... tattoo parlors have been reported from the UK and Singapore.j3-35 A high prevalence of HBV infection among aborigines who also have a high prevalence of tattoos has been recognized in different parts of the world, such as Australia and BraziLbo,“’ but not in India.62 Tattooing was suggested to be an ...
Chapter 27 SMALLPOX
... transmission to occur reliably. Nevertheless, variola virus’s potential in low relative humidity for airborne dissemination was alarming in two hospital outbreaks. 59 Patients with smallpox were infectious from the time of onset of their eruptive exanthem, most commonly from days 3 through 6 after o ...
... transmission to occur reliably. Nevertheless, variola virus’s potential in low relative humidity for airborne dissemination was alarming in two hospital outbreaks. 59 Patients with smallpox were infectious from the time of onset of their eruptive exanthem, most commonly from days 3 through 6 after o ...
Outbreak Management - A Quick Reference Guide
... Cohort staffing if possible (i.e., assign to a floor/unit that either contains or does not contain active cases) Report illness to charge person; list symptoms and onset date Exclude ill staff, students and volunteers for 48 hours after symptoms have resolved. Once a specific causative agent is know ...
... Cohort staffing if possible (i.e., assign to a floor/unit that either contains or does not contain active cases) Report illness to charge person; list symptoms and onset date Exclude ill staff, students and volunteers for 48 hours after symptoms have resolved. Once a specific causative agent is know ...
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... According to WHO, most people who have contracted H1N1 have experienced influenza-like symptoms, such as sore throat, cough, runny nose, fever, malaise, headache, and joint/muscle pain, and recovered without antiviral treatment. Drugs provided to H1N1 patients may reduce the symptoms and duration of ...
... According to WHO, most people who have contracted H1N1 have experienced influenza-like symptoms, such as sore throat, cough, runny nose, fever, malaise, headache, and joint/muscle pain, and recovered without antiviral treatment. Drugs provided to H1N1 patients may reduce the symptoms and duration of ...
Control of Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Long
... contain active cases. Common-source outbreak – A type of outbreak that occurs when individuals are exposed to a point-source of infection at the same time. ...
... contain active cases. Common-source outbreak – A type of outbreak that occurs when individuals are exposed to a point-source of infection at the same time. ...
Room Ventilation and Airborne Disease Transmission
... odors and disease transmission. Depending on the facility, other factors may also influence the determination of an appropriate ACR. For example, Memarzadeh (1998) showed that “controlling the humidity in animal rooms is more significant in managing the production of ammonia (from animal urine) than ...
... odors and disease transmission. Depending on the facility, other factors may also influence the determination of an appropriate ACR. For example, Memarzadeh (1998) showed that “controlling the humidity in animal rooms is more significant in managing the production of ammonia (from animal urine) than ...
Seroepidemiology of infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 and
... Data on prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections are limited in Asia, especially in Iran. Our study aimed on determination of seroepidemiology of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in asymptomatic healthy students of Islamic Azad University of Kazeroun, Fars province, southwest of Iran. Patients and methods ...
... Data on prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections are limited in Asia, especially in Iran. Our study aimed on determination of seroepidemiology of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in asymptomatic healthy students of Islamic Azad University of Kazeroun, Fars province, southwest of Iran. Patients and methods ...
SerologicalMarkers - Texas Department of State Health Services
... section if the successor in good faith obtains a record that indicates compliance with Subsections (a) and (a-1), if applicable. ...
... section if the successor in good faith obtains a record that indicates compliance with Subsections (a) and (a-1), if applicable. ...
Genetic sequencing and analysis of the infectious pancreatic
... 3.5 Sequence analysis.............................................................................................. 13 3.6 Phylogenetic analysis........................................................................................ 14 ...
... 3.5 Sequence analysis.............................................................................................. 13 3.6 Phylogenetic analysis........................................................................................ 14 ...
Specimen Transportation
... ADR: Agrement Dangereux Routier (UN/ECE European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) Patient specimens: Human material including but are not limited to, excreta, secreta, blood and its components, tissue and tissue fluid swabs, and body parts being carried for ...
... ADR: Agrement Dangereux Routier (UN/ECE European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) Patient specimens: Human material including but are not limited to, excreta, secreta, blood and its components, tissue and tissue fluid swabs, and body parts being carried for ...
Chapter 15 - Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group
... harboring virulent infectious agents spread by the fecal-oral route or “hand to mouth.” True or False. 75. Showering after contact with nonhuman primates or at the end of the workday is recommended. True or False. 76. The 3 M No. 9970M HEPA filter mask is not ideal for entry into all animal rooms an ...
... harboring virulent infectious agents spread by the fecal-oral route or “hand to mouth.” True or False. 75. Showering after contact with nonhuman primates or at the end of the workday is recommended. True or False. 76. The 3 M No. 9970M HEPA filter mask is not ideal for entry into all animal rooms an ...
Hallado un vínculo entre el retrovirus XMRV y el SFC
... “(…) the finding that the virus is associated with white blood cells has led some to question whether XMRV could be transmitted by transfusion and might therefore pose a threat to the health of blood recipients and potentially also transplant recipients.” “The HHS Blood Safety Committee works with a ...
... “(…) the finding that the virus is associated with white blood cells has led some to question whether XMRV could be transmitted by transfusion and might therefore pose a threat to the health of blood recipients and potentially also transplant recipients.” “The HHS Blood Safety Committee works with a ...
IV. Risk assessment of main infectious diseases
... Control of Communicable Diseases of PRC and the International Health Regulations on quarantine infectious diseases. The disease is characterized by acute attacks, fast transmission and severe symptoms. It may lead to death by serious dehydration, circulatory failure and muscle spasm if not treated p ...
... Control of Communicable Diseases of PRC and the International Health Regulations on quarantine infectious diseases. The disease is characterized by acute attacks, fast transmission and severe symptoms. It may lead to death by serious dehydration, circulatory failure and muscle spasm if not treated p ...
Outbreak Management Guidelines for Health Care Facilities
... Surveillance is an essential component of an effective infection prevention and control program. Surveillance is the ongoing systematic collection, collation, analysis and interpretation of data; and the dissemination of information to those who need to know in order that action is taken. Surveillan ...
... Surveillance is an essential component of an effective infection prevention and control program. Surveillance is the ongoing systematic collection, collation, analysis and interpretation of data; and the dissemination of information to those who need to know in order that action is taken. Surveillan ...
Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)
... FeLV is found in the saliva of infected cats and is transmitted by direct (cat to cat) contact, particularly if they lick each other. It is a fragile virus, which does not survive for long on hands, bowls or cages and can be killed easily with disinfectant. Your cat can’t catch FeLV by using the sam ...
... FeLV is found in the saliva of infected cats and is transmitted by direct (cat to cat) contact, particularly if they lick each other. It is a fragile virus, which does not survive for long on hands, bowls or cages and can be killed easily with disinfectant. Your cat can’t catch FeLV by using the sam ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
... n FIP may present as wet (effusive), dry (noneffusive), or a combination of the ...
... n FIP may present as wet (effusive), dry (noneffusive), or a combination of the ...
Hazard Identification (Avian Diseases)
... • Disease agents that are known to be present in New Zealand are not potential hazards. • Disease agents that have not been demonstrated as being transmitted in eggs of Gallus gallus are not potential hazards. • Disease agents that will be inactivated by the processing conditions defined for the com ...
... • Disease agents that are known to be present in New Zealand are not potential hazards. • Disease agents that have not been demonstrated as being transmitted in eggs of Gallus gallus are not potential hazards. • Disease agents that will be inactivated by the processing conditions defined for the com ...
Viroids and their potential danger to potatoes in hot climates R.P.
... anticodon binding loops all over the molecules (16,371. ...
... anticodon binding loops all over the molecules (16,371. ...
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... from the diseased lobster cages to confirm transmission via contact. Lobsters were fed shrimp and squid ad libitum every other day. The experiment was terminated after 120 d, and tissue samples were obtained from each lobster for histological examination. Differences in infection and survival among ...
... from the diseased lobster cages to confirm transmission via contact. Lobsters were fed shrimp and squid ad libitum every other day. The experiment was terminated after 120 d, and tissue samples were obtained from each lobster for histological examination. Differences in infection and survival among ...
Feco-orally transmitted viral hepatitis in a tertiary care hospital in
... Methods: This prospective study was carried out in two groups of subjects including the study group of 600 patients with clinically suspected infectious hepatitis and control group of 200 patients showing no clinical evidence of acute infectious hepatitis. Serum samples were tested for the presence ...
... Methods: This prospective study was carried out in two groups of subjects including the study group of 600 patients with clinically suspected infectious hepatitis and control group of 200 patients showing no clinical evidence of acute infectious hepatitis. Serum samples were tested for the presence ...
Foodborne disease outbreaks in United States schools
... outbreaks of known etiology due to Salmonella serotype Enteritidis increased over the surveillance period, whereas the percentage caused by S. aureus decreased. Other notable trends include an 8-fold decrease in the percentage of outbreaks due to turkey, a 3-fold increase in outbreaks linked to sala ...
... outbreaks of known etiology due to Salmonella serotype Enteritidis increased over the surveillance period, whereas the percentage caused by S. aureus decreased. Other notable trends include an 8-fold decrease in the percentage of outbreaks due to turkey, a 3-fold increase in outbreaks linked to sala ...
Modeling Immune Response and its Effect on Infectious Disease
... simplified value that determines the capacity of an individual to become infected or to transmit the disease. Moreover, the quality of the immune response determines the chances of infection and the length of time an individual is capable to infect others. We present a model that incorporates indivi ...
... simplified value that determines the capacity of an individual to become infected or to transmit the disease. Moreover, the quality of the immune response determines the chances of infection and the length of time an individual is capable to infect others. We present a model that incorporates indivi ...
Vector-borne human infections of Europe - WHO/Europe
... young domestic geese in Israel in 1997–2000 to WNV and the isolation of similar strains from migrating White storks in Israel and Egypt suggest that the recent isolates are more pathogenic for certain avian species, and that migrating birds do play a crucial role in the geographical spread of the vi ...
... young domestic geese in Israel in 1997–2000 to WNV and the isolation of similar strains from migrating White storks in Israel and Egypt suggest that the recent isolates are more pathogenic for certain avian species, and that migrating birds do play a crucial role in the geographical spread of the vi ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}