Cases
... There are specific diseases that require the diagnosing doctor to notify to the Health Protection Team under Public Health Legislation. These diseases are identified throughout the document. Please find all references at the end of the document. ...
... There are specific diseases that require the diagnosing doctor to notify to the Health Protection Team under Public Health Legislation. These diseases are identified throughout the document. Please find all references at the end of the document. ...
Nosocomial Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections: The “Cold War
... cretions. Typically, viruses spread by small-particle aerosols cause explosive outbreaks of infection in a susceptible population, such as occur with measles, varicella, and sometimes influenza. The second mechanism is transmission by droplets or large particles. In contrast to aerosols of small par ...
... cretions. Typically, viruses spread by small-particle aerosols cause explosive outbreaks of infection in a susceptible population, such as occur with measles, varicella, and sometimes influenza. The second mechanism is transmission by droplets or large particles. In contrast to aerosols of small par ...
Reprint
... or quarantine had the greater impact in stopping the spread of SARS, or whether both control measures were essential (1, 6–9). This is an important question, because the use of mass quarantine is controversial. In the case of SARS, for example, only a tiny percentage of the quarantined individuals w ...
... or quarantine had the greater impact in stopping the spread of SARS, or whether both control measures were essential (1, 6–9). This is an important question, because the use of mass quarantine is controversial. In the case of SARS, for example, only a tiny percentage of the quarantined individuals w ...
Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Pigs and Vectors in the Mekong Delta
... between pigs and wading birds, the reservoir hosts. Incidental infection in humans can result in encephalitis with 30% case fatalities, and half of the survivors may have neurological sequelae. Some of the most important vectors, such as Culex tritaeniorhynchus, commonly breed in rice fields, and th ...
... between pigs and wading birds, the reservoir hosts. Incidental infection in humans can result in encephalitis with 30% case fatalities, and half of the survivors may have neurological sequelae. Some of the most important vectors, such as Culex tritaeniorhynchus, commonly breed in rice fields, and th ...
Animal diseases in Finland 2015
... exports help keep the animal disease situation good. On the other hand, the risks related to global movement of people and goods is difficult to control, which highlights the importance of shearing information. In Finland, domestic animals are usually kept in well-insulated shelters during harsh win ...
... exports help keep the animal disease situation good. On the other hand, the risks related to global movement of people and goods is difficult to control, which highlights the importance of shearing information. In Finland, domestic animals are usually kept in well-insulated shelters during harsh win ...
Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in
... human cases of A(H5) infection with 458 deaths have been confirmed in 16 countries. To date there has been no evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission. During this period 460 additional human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection have been reported to WHO by China. Since February ...
... human cases of A(H5) infection with 458 deaths have been confirmed in 16 countries. To date there has been no evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission. During this period 460 additional human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection have been reported to WHO by China. Since February ...
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
... aches, headache and nausea accompany all forms of tularemia (4). The most common form of the disease is ulceroglandular tularemia, which usually occurs as the result of a bite from an arthropod vector which has previously fed on an infected animal (3). An ulcer forms at the site of infection (3). Ba ...
... aches, headache and nausea accompany all forms of tularemia (4). The most common form of the disease is ulceroglandular tularemia, which usually occurs as the result of a bite from an arthropod vector which has previously fed on an infected animal (3). An ulcer forms at the site of infection (3). Ba ...
the bubonic plague
... • Lucinda and John, both residents of New Mexico traveled to New York for vacation in the year 2002. Within a few days of their arrival, they started to feel very sick. The average incubation time of the Bubonic plague is 3 days, but can range from 2-8 days. They were exposed to the disease in their ...
... • Lucinda and John, both residents of New Mexico traveled to New York for vacation in the year 2002. Within a few days of their arrival, they started to feel very sick. The average incubation time of the Bubonic plague is 3 days, but can range from 2-8 days. They were exposed to the disease in their ...
Bacterial viruses in coastal seawater: lytic rather than lysogenic
... Fig. 6. Sernilog plot of abundance of bactena in seawater cultures shown In Fig. 4. Numbers are means of duplicate ...
... Fig. 6. Sernilog plot of abundance of bactena in seawater cultures shown In Fig. 4. Numbers are means of duplicate ...
Risk and Management of Blood-Borne Infections in Health Care
... transmission include needlestick and other sharps injuries; direct inoculation of virus into cutaneous scratches, skin lesions, abrasions, or burns; and inoculation of virus onto mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, or mouth through accidental splashes. HIV, HBV, and HCV do not spontaneously penetrat ...
... transmission include needlestick and other sharps injuries; direct inoculation of virus into cutaneous scratches, skin lesions, abrasions, or burns; and inoculation of virus onto mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, or mouth through accidental splashes. HIV, HBV, and HCV do not spontaneously penetrat ...
Risk assessment regarding processing requirements of by
... production in Norway generates about 195 000 tons residual raw materials per year (Rubin 2009). This raw material can either be handled according to hygiene legislation for human consumption, or defined as a by-product, according to the by-product legislation, and used as feed. This is valuable mari ...
... production in Norway generates about 195 000 tons residual raw materials per year (Rubin 2009). This raw material can either be handled according to hygiene legislation for human consumption, or defined as a by-product, according to the by-product legislation, and used as feed. This is valuable mari ...
PCR detection of infectious diseases
... healthy cats commonly carry FHV-1, and modified live vaccine strains colonize cats. Thus, although PCR is a sensitive way to document FHV-1 infection, its FHV-1 PPV is actually very low.2-4 In one study of cats with and without conjunctivitis,2 more FHV-1 positive tests were detected in the healthy ...
... healthy cats commonly carry FHV-1, and modified live vaccine strains colonize cats. Thus, although PCR is a sensitive way to document FHV-1 infection, its FHV-1 PPV is actually very low.2-4 In one study of cats with and without conjunctivitis,2 more FHV-1 positive tests were detected in the healthy ...
Persistence of Disease Agents in Carcases / Animal
... agents in carcases and animal products. In particular, there very few primary studies on the inactivation of agents in disposal methods other than leaving in situ, incineration and burial. A number of the experts contacted commented on the paucity of information available. Reasons for this lack of i ...
... agents in carcases and animal products. In particular, there very few primary studies on the inactivation of agents in disposal methods other than leaving in situ, incineration and burial. A number of the experts contacted commented on the paucity of information available. Reasons for this lack of i ...
Safe Movement of Citrus Germplasm
... As soon as possible after receipt, shoot-tip grafting should be done. If shoot-tip grafting cannot be done immediately, buds should be propagated in a containment facility and then shoot-tip grafted as soon as possible. Follow the recommendations given under ‘Therapy procedures’ for shoot-tip grafti ...
... As soon as possible after receipt, shoot-tip grafting should be done. If shoot-tip grafting cannot be done immediately, buds should be propagated in a containment facility and then shoot-tip grafted as soon as possible. Follow the recommendations given under ‘Therapy procedures’ for shoot-tip grafti ...
Comparative pathologic, immunologic and clinical responses
... Gillespie and Baker (1959) compared strain 1 of New York virus diarrhea with strain 46 Indiana virus diarrhea. Their studies showed a definite immunologic relationship and an identical experimental syndrome for both of these viruses. They were also able to propagate the Indiana strain in embryonic b ...
... Gillespie and Baker (1959) compared strain 1 of New York virus diarrhea with strain 46 Indiana virus diarrhea. Their studies showed a definite immunologic relationship and an identical experimental syndrome for both of these viruses. They were also able to propagate the Indiana strain in embryonic b ...
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University
... symptoms of gastroenteritis. The outbreak affected at least 326 persons with typical, generally mild symptoms of gastroenteritis (case-patients). Most ill persons experienced vomiting (258) and/or diarrhea (195). Ninety-two ill persons visited a local first aid tent; another 54 were admitted to a lo ...
... symptoms of gastroenteritis. The outbreak affected at least 326 persons with typical, generally mild symptoms of gastroenteritis (case-patients). Most ill persons experienced vomiting (258) and/or diarrhea (195). Ninety-two ill persons visited a local first aid tent; another 54 were admitted to a lo ...
Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network A
... Respond to the unexpected the operational response to SARS Global reporting system, rumour management and verification – information sources (media, NGOs, other UN agencies, and partners in the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) On the ground support to affected areas (STC recruit ...
... Respond to the unexpected the operational response to SARS Global reporting system, rumour management and verification – information sources (media, NGOs, other UN agencies, and partners in the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) On the ground support to affected areas (STC recruit ...
Chickenpox in Adults and Teenagers
... Anyone who has had chickenpox in the past may develop shingles. Shingles is an infection of a nerve and the area of skin supplied by the nerve. It causes a rash and pain in a band-like local area along the affected nerve. About 1 in 5 people has shingles at some time in their life. It can occur at a ...
... Anyone who has had chickenpox in the past may develop shingles. Shingles is an infection of a nerve and the area of skin supplied by the nerve. It causes a rash and pain in a band-like local area along the affected nerve. About 1 in 5 people has shingles at some time in their life. It can occur at a ...
Electron microscopy in rapid viral diagnosis: an update
... and consists of Koch’s hand drawings of his observations over the course of time. Figs. 8-11 represent different development stages of Bacillus subtilis, a mobile bacillus as depicted by Ferdinand Cohn. The bacilli appear as translucent, glass-like rods - occasionally kinked; (a) white blood cells ( ...
... and consists of Koch’s hand drawings of his observations over the course of time. Figs. 8-11 represent different development stages of Bacillus subtilis, a mobile bacillus as depicted by Ferdinand Cohn. The bacilli appear as translucent, glass-like rods - occasionally kinked; (a) white blood cells ( ...
Small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, as a potential biological vector of
... In the treatment group fed with adult worker bees with deformed wing, DWV was detected in 97% of the SHB (N = 36). However, no DWV was found in any SHB from the control group (N = 12). The workers with deformed wings showed an 80% DWV infection rate (N = 10). Casual observations showed that almost a ...
... In the treatment group fed with adult worker bees with deformed wing, DWV was detected in 97% of the SHB (N = 36). However, no DWV was found in any SHB from the control group (N = 12). The workers with deformed wings showed an 80% DWV infection rate (N = 10). Casual observations showed that almost a ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... for the selection of AI virus strains with expanded tissue tropism. We also studied the effects of host response to H5N2 AI in normal and IBDV-infected birds using highthroughput gene expression analysis. We demonstrated that IBDV-exposed chickens showed less than optimal humoral responses to LPAI i ...
... for the selection of AI virus strains with expanded tissue tropism. We also studied the effects of host response to H5N2 AI in normal and IBDV-infected birds using highthroughput gene expression analysis. We demonstrated that IBDV-exposed chickens showed less than optimal humoral responses to LPAI i ...
Shigellosis
... are infected with one type of Shigella, Shigella flexneri, will later develop pains in their joints, irritation of the eyes, and painful urination. This is called Reiter's syndrome. It can last for months or years, and can lead to chronic arthritis which is difficult to treat. Reiter's syndrome is c ...
... are infected with one type of Shigella, Shigella flexneri, will later develop pains in their joints, irritation of the eyes, and painful urination. This is called Reiter's syndrome. It can last for months or years, and can lead to chronic arthritis which is difficult to treat. Reiter's syndrome is c ...
The Secret of Viral Reproduction - DigitalCommons@USU
... infectivity. The second type, which came off much later, was the highly stable, mature form of the virus. We postulated that the first-appearing unstable infective form was a naturally occurring viral nucleic acid and that it was probably an early stage in the virus formation process. During the nex ...
... infectivity. The second type, which came off much later, was the highly stable, mature form of the virus. We postulated that the first-appearing unstable infective form was a naturally occurring viral nucleic acid and that it was probably an early stage in the virus formation process. During the nex ...
Neonatal Herpes
... • In highly vaccinated communities, the proportion of cases that occur among people who have been vaccinated may be high • People who have not been vaccinated against mumps usually have a much greater mumps attack rate than those who have been fully vaccinated ...
... • In highly vaccinated communities, the proportion of cases that occur among people who have been vaccinated may be high • People who have not been vaccinated against mumps usually have a much greater mumps attack rate than those who have been fully vaccinated ...
COPD - UniNursety
... transmission may also occur. Most information on the modes of influenza transmission from person to person is indirect and largely obtained through analysis of outbreaks in health care facilities and other settings (e.g., cruise ships, airplanes, schools, and colleges). Although the knowledge base i ...
... transmission may also occur. Most information on the modes of influenza transmission from person to person is indirect and largely obtained through analysis of outbreaks in health care facilities and other settings (e.g., cruise ships, airplanes, schools, and colleges). Although the knowledge base i ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}