PRINCIPAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
... The extrinsic factors of foods are not substrate dependent. They are those properties of the storage environment that affect both the foods and their microorganisms. They are factors external to the food that affect microbial growth. They include: (i) Temperature of storage (ii) Presence and concent ...
... The extrinsic factors of foods are not substrate dependent. They are those properties of the storage environment that affect both the foods and their microorganisms. They are factors external to the food that affect microbial growth. They include: (i) Temperature of storage (ii) Presence and concent ...
Evolution in Action: Understanding Antibiotic Resistance
... But descent from a single founding cell does not guarantee that all of the cells within a bacterial populatio are genetically identical to one another. Every time a bacterial cell divides to form two daughter cells, its genome must be copied. Since DNA replication is not ideally precise, cell divis ...
... But descent from a single founding cell does not guarantee that all of the cells within a bacterial populatio are genetically identical to one another. Every time a bacterial cell divides to form two daughter cells, its genome must be copied. Since DNA replication is not ideally precise, cell divis ...
vancomycin resistant enterococcus (vre)
... difficult to treat and require a careful selection of antibiotics. A concern is that the resistance pattern of VRE can be transferred to other bacteria such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); MRSA associated infections are normally treated with vancomycin. If MRSA becomes resista ...
... difficult to treat and require a careful selection of antibiotics. A concern is that the resistance pattern of VRE can be transferred to other bacteria such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); MRSA associated infections are normally treated with vancomycin. If MRSA becomes resista ...
EN: Procalcitonin (PCT) Reference Ranges
... Caution: PCT levels below 0.5 µg/L do not exclude an infection, because localized infections (without systemic signs) may be associated with such low levels. Also if the PCT measurement is done very early after a follow ing bacterial challenge (usually < 6 hours), these values may still be low. In t ...
... Caution: PCT levels below 0.5 µg/L do not exclude an infection, because localized infections (without systemic signs) may be associated with such low levels. Also if the PCT measurement is done very early after a follow ing bacterial challenge (usually < 6 hours), these values may still be low. In t ...
cholera game
... Health Laboratory and confirmed positive for Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae), the toxin-producing bacterium responsible for the disease, cholera. This result marked the beginning of the first cholera outbreak in Haiti in a century (1,2). Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness that infects 3–5 million a ...
... Health Laboratory and confirmed positive for Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae), the toxin-producing bacterium responsible for the disease, cholera. This result marked the beginning of the first cholera outbreak in Haiti in a century (1,2). Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness that infects 3–5 million a ...
A Review on Major Food Borne Bacterial Illnesses - e
... with M cells in payer’s patches is facilitated by fimbrial adhesions. This is followed by ruffling of the target cell membrane which result in internalization of the bacteria in membrane bound vacuoles [13]. The ruffles facilitates uptake of the bacteria in membrane bound vacuoles or vesicles which ...
... with M cells in payer’s patches is facilitated by fimbrial adhesions. This is followed by ruffling of the target cell membrane which result in internalization of the bacteria in membrane bound vacuoles [13]. The ruffles facilitates uptake of the bacteria in membrane bound vacuoles or vesicles which ...
Top 10 Bacterial Infections
... Most bacteria may be placed into one of three groups based on their response to gaseous oxygen. Aerobic bacteria thrive in the presence of oxygen and require it for their continued growth and existence. Other bacteria are anaerobic, and cannot tolerate gaseous oxygen, such as those bacteria which ...
... Most bacteria may be placed into one of three groups based on their response to gaseous oxygen. Aerobic bacteria thrive in the presence of oxygen and require it for their continued growth and existence. Other bacteria are anaerobic, and cannot tolerate gaseous oxygen, such as those bacteria which ...
Acute_Pharyngitis
... Occurs 1-2 weeks after untreated GAS throat or 2-4 weeks after a skin infection (impetigo) Most common in ages 6-10 Symptoms: decreased urine output rust-colored urine (or gross hematuria) generalized edema Rx: antibiotics, BP meds, diuretics as indicated Referral to nephrology Resolves over weeks t ...
... Occurs 1-2 weeks after untreated GAS throat or 2-4 weeks after a skin infection (impetigo) Most common in ages 6-10 Symptoms: decreased urine output rust-colored urine (or gross hematuria) generalized edema Rx: antibiotics, BP meds, diuretics as indicated Referral to nephrology Resolves over weeks t ...
MERS-CoV - Department of Health
... patient that was transferred from Qatar was hospitalised for nearly a month prior to diagnosis, at which time infection control measures were put in place. This resulted in potential exposure for a considerable number of healthcare workers, including nine who performed aerosol-generating procedures, ...
... patient that was transferred from Qatar was hospitalised for nearly a month prior to diagnosis, at which time infection control measures were put in place. This resulted in potential exposure for a considerable number of healthcare workers, including nine who performed aerosol-generating procedures, ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... UTI ranks as one of the most important causes of morbidity even today in the developing countries like Bangladesh [9]. This may be attributed to abuse of chemotherapeutic agents and most importantly ignorance of people and little or no prevention measure. The present study had been investigating the ...
... UTI ranks as one of the most important causes of morbidity even today in the developing countries like Bangladesh [9]. This may be attributed to abuse of chemotherapeutic agents and most importantly ignorance of people and little or no prevention measure. The present study had been investigating the ...
Infectious diseases of potential risk for travellers
... Neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir) are inhibitory for the virus and demonstrate proven efficacy in vitro and in animal studies for prophylaxis and treatment of H5N1 infection. Studies in hospitalized H5N1 patients, although limited, suggest that early oseltamivir treatment with oselta ...
... Neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir) are inhibitory for the virus and demonstrate proven efficacy in vitro and in animal studies for prophylaxis and treatment of H5N1 infection. Studies in hospitalized H5N1 patients, although limited, suggest that early oseltamivir treatment with oselta ...
Click here for handout
... Unfortunately, reduced susceptibility to vancomycin appears to be Unfortunately associated with reduced susceptibility to new drugs such as linezolid and daptomycin. ...
... Unfortunately, reduced susceptibility to vancomycin appears to be Unfortunately associated with reduced susceptibility to new drugs such as linezolid and daptomycin. ...
Abortion in Ewes Abortion in Ewes
... to term but remain weak at birth with consequent high mortality. Antibiotic use in agriculture is coming under intense scrutiny and whole group injection can only be justified as an emergency measure then vaccination must be adopted. In common with all infectious causes of abortion, aborted ewes mus ...
... to term but remain weak at birth with consequent high mortality. Antibiotic use in agriculture is coming under intense scrutiny and whole group injection can only be justified as an emergency measure then vaccination must be adopted. In common with all infectious causes of abortion, aborted ewes mus ...
Antibiotic Use in the Food Supply and Connection with Antibiotic
... 21. Manges AR, Smith SP, Lau BJ, et al. Retail meat consumption and the acquisition of antimicrobial resistant escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections: A case-control study. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2007;4(4):419-431. 22. Marshall BM, Levy SB. Food animals and antimicrobials: Impacts on human ...
... 21. Manges AR, Smith SP, Lau BJ, et al. Retail meat consumption and the acquisition of antimicrobial resistant escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections: A case-control study. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2007;4(4):419-431. 22. Marshall BM, Levy SB. Food animals and antimicrobials: Impacts on human ...
update on mrsa(resistant staph) in men who have sex with men
... or oral sex. However, these activities may allow MRSA to spread through close contact with the affected skin of a sex partner. Although condoms provide protection from most sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV, they can only protect the skin they cover, and do not offer adequate prote ...
... or oral sex. However, these activities may allow MRSA to spread through close contact with the affected skin of a sex partner. Although condoms provide protection from most sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV, they can only protect the skin they cover, and do not offer adequate prote ...
Institute for Microbiology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk
... The most common UTI: cystitis develops ascendently caused by intestinal microflora main symptoms: dysuria (difficult urination with sharp and burning pain) pollakisuria (urgent need to urinate accompanied by urination of a small amount of urine only) Other UTIs: mainly pyelonephritis (more serious) ...
... The most common UTI: cystitis develops ascendently caused by intestinal microflora main symptoms: dysuria (difficult urination with sharp and burning pain) pollakisuria (urgent need to urinate accompanied by urination of a small amount of urine only) Other UTIs: mainly pyelonephritis (more serious) ...
Agranulocytosis - hem
... Any chemical or drug that can depress the bone marrow and cause hypoplasia or aplasia is capable of causing agranulocytosis. Some drugs do this to everyone if they are administered in large enough doses. Other agents seem to cause idiosyncratic reactions that affect only certain susceptible individu ...
... Any chemical or drug that can depress the bone marrow and cause hypoplasia or aplasia is capable of causing agranulocytosis. Some drugs do this to everyone if they are administered in large enough doses. Other agents seem to cause idiosyncratic reactions that affect only certain susceptible individu ...
2011 Annual Summary of Reportable Infectious Diseases for Cuyahoga County, Ohio
... In addition to the most common form of Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC), E. coli O157, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified six other strands, known as non-O157 STECs, that are just as hazardous as E. coli O157. The CDC estimates that non-O157 STECs cause 36,700 il ...
... In addition to the most common form of Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC), E. coli O157, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified six other strands, known as non-O157 STECs, that are just as hazardous as E. coli O157. The CDC estimates that non-O157 STECs cause 36,700 il ...
Infection risk from surgeons` eyeglasses
... creating a multilayer-biofilm. Such biofilms decrease the metabolic activity of bacteria within them. This decreased metabolism, in combination with impaired diffusion of antibiotics, decreases the effectiveness of antibiotics. Therefore, the most efficient treatment for these infections is to remov ...
... creating a multilayer-biofilm. Such biofilms decrease the metabolic activity of bacteria within them. This decreased metabolism, in combination with impaired diffusion of antibiotics, decreases the effectiveness of antibiotics. Therefore, the most efficient treatment for these infections is to remov ...
Biology, Management, and Diseases of Goats
... proprioceptive deficits, death within 36 hours – Transmission: respiratory secretions – Vaccination for viral respiratory pathogens may predispose – Prevention: avoid vaccinating for for IBR and BVD during times of stress – Treatment: penicillin, oxytetracycline ...
... proprioceptive deficits, death within 36 hours – Transmission: respiratory secretions – Vaccination for viral respiratory pathogens may predispose – Prevention: avoid vaccinating for for IBR and BVD during times of stress – Treatment: penicillin, oxytetracycline ...
Pneumonia-What is the infection?
... community acquired infections (e.g. ertapenem). Group 2 includes broad-spectrum Carbapenems, with activity against nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli that are particularly suitable for nosocomial infections (e.g. imipenem and meropenem) ...
... community acquired infections (e.g. ertapenem). Group 2 includes broad-spectrum Carbapenems, with activity against nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli that are particularly suitable for nosocomial infections (e.g. imipenem and meropenem) ...
Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis or infectious diarrhea is a medical condition from inflammation (""-itis"") of the gastrointestinal tract that involves both the stomach (""gastro""-) and the small intestine (""entero""-). It causes some combination of diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain and cramping. Dehydration may occur as a result. Gastroenteritis has been referred to as gastro, stomach bug, and stomach virus. Although unrelated to influenza, it has also been called stomach flu and gastric flu.Globally, most cases in children are caused by rotavirus. In adults, norovirus and Campylobacter are more common. Less common causes include other bacteria (or their toxins) and parasites. Transmission may occur due to consumption of improperly prepared foods or contaminated water or via close contact with individuals who are infectious. Prevention includes drinking clean water, hand washing with soap, and breast feeding babies instead of using formula. This applies particularly where sanitation and hygiene are lacking. The rotavirus vaccine is recommended for all children.The key treatment is enough fluids. For mild or moderate cases, this can typically be achieved via oral rehydration solution (a combination of water, salts, and sugar). In those who are breast fed, continued breast feeding is recommended. For more severe cases, intravenous fluids from a healthcare centre may be needed. Antibiotics are generally not recommended. Gastroenteritis primarily affects children and those in the developing world. It results in about three to five billion cases and causes 1.4 million deaths a year.